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Romans 9

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1 I speak the truth in Christ; I am not lying, as confirmed by my conscience in the Holy Spirit. 2 I have deep sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my brothers, my own flesh and blood, 4 the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory and the covenants; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises. 5 Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ, who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen. 6 It is not as though God’s word has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel. 7 Nor because they are Abraham’s descendants are they all his children. On the contrary, “Through Isaac your offspring will be reckoned." 8 So it is not the children of the flesh who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as offspring. 9 For this is what the promise stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son." 10 Not only that, but Rebecca’s children were conceived by one man, our father Isaac. 11 Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand, 12 not by works but by Him who calls, she was told, “The older will serve the younger." 13 So it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated." 14 What then shall we say? Is God unjust? Certainly not! 15 For He says to Moses: “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion." 16 So then, it does not depend on man’s desire or effort, but on God’s mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth." 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden. 19 One of you will say to me, “Then why does God still find fault? For who can resist His will?" 20 But who are you, O man, to talk back to God? Shall what is formed say to Him who formed it, “Why did You make me like this?" 21 Does not the potter have the right to make from the same lump of clay one vessel for special occasions and another for common use? 22 What if God, intending to show His wrath and make His power known, bore with great patience the vessels of His wrath, prepared for destruction? 23 What if He did this to make the riches of His glory known to the vessels of His mercy, whom He prepared in advance for glory— 24 including us, whom He has called not only from the Jews, but also from the Gentiles? 25 As He says in Hosea: “I will call them ‘My People’ who are not My people, and I will call her ‘My Beloved’ who is not My beloved," 26 and, “It will happen that in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’" 27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the Israelites is like the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved. 28 For the Lord will carry out His sentence on the earth thoroughly and decisively." 29 It is just as Isaiah foretold: “Unless the Lord of Hosts had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah." 30 What then will we say? That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith; 31 but Israel, who pursued a law of righteousness, has not attained it. 32 Why not? Because their pursuit was not by faith, but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone, 33 as it is written: “See, I lay in Zion a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense; and the one who believes in Him will never be put to shame."

‹ Chapter 8 Romans — All Chapters Chapter 10 ›

Study Notes — Romans 9

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Chapter Summary

Paul begins Romans 9 by expressing his deep sorrow and anguish over the unbelief of his kinsmen, the Israelites (Romans 9:1-5). He then explains that not all who are descended from Israel are truly Israel, citing the examples of Isaac and Ishmael, and Jacob and Esau, to illustrate God's sovereignty in election (Romans 9:6-13). Paul answers potential objections to God's sovereignty, arguing that God is not unjust in His dealings with humanity (Romans 9:14-24). He then quotes from the Old Testament to demonstrate that God has always been faithful to His promises, even when Israel was unfaithful (Romans 9:25-29). The chapter concludes with a discussion of why Israel has not attained righteousness, despite their zeal for God (Romans 9:30-33).

Context for the Chapter

Romans 9 is part of the larger section of Romans 9-11, which deals with the relationship between Israel and the church. The chapter follows Paul's explanation of the gospel and its implications for believers (Romans 1-8), and it sets the stage for his discussion of Israel's future and the mystery of God's plans (Romans 11). The chapter is also connected to the broader biblical narrative, particularly the stories of Isaac, Ishmael, Jacob, and Esau, which are cited as examples of God's sovereignty in election.

Heart Application

This chapter challenges believers to trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem unclear or unjust. It also emphasizes the importance of prayer and intercession for unbelievers, particularly those who are dear to us. As we reflect on God's character and plans, we are reminded to humble ourselves and acknowledge our dependence on Him.

What Does This Chapter Mean?

Romans 9 is about God's sovereignty and Israel's unbelief. Paul is sad that many Israelites do not believe in Jesus, but he explains that God's word has not failed. He uses examples from the Old Testament to show that God chooses some people to be His own, not because of what they do, but because of His love and grace. This chapter helps us understand that God is in control and that His plans are not always easy to understand, but we can trust in His goodness and love (Romans 9:1, Romans 9:6).

Voices from the Church

“The election of God is the fountain from which all our salvation proceeds... It is the decree of God, by which, before the foundation of the world was laid, He chose us in Christ.”

— John Calvin

“The doctrine of election is a great bellows to fan the flame of gratitude in the heart... If we are elected, it is a sovereign act of God's grace, and we should be forever grateful.”

— Charles Spurgeon

Outline for Preaching

  1. Paul's Sorrow Over Israel's Unbelief (Romans 9:1-5) — Paul expresses his deep sorrow and anguish over Israel's unbelief, wishing he could be accursed for their sake.
  2. The Sovereignty of God in Election (Romans 9:6-13) — Paul explains that not all who are descended from Israel are true Israel, citing examples of Isaac and Ishmael, and Jacob and Esau.
  3. God's Sovereignty and Human Responsibility (Romans 9:14-24) — Paul answers objections to God's sovereignty, arguing that God is not unjust in His dealings with humanity.
  4. God's Faithfulness to His Promises (Romans 9:25-29) — Paul quotes from the Old Testament to demonstrate God's faithfulness to His promises, despite Israel's unfaithfulness.
  5. Israel's Unbelief and the Gospel (Romans 9:30-33) — Paul discusses why Israel has not attained righteousness, despite their zeal for God, and how the gospel has come to the Gentiles.

Core Doctrines

Sovereignty of God
This chapter teaches that God is absolutely sovereign over all things, including salvation and human destiny (Romans 9:14-24).
Election
The doctrine of election is presented as a sovereign act of God's grace, by which He chooses some individuals for salvation (Romans 9:11-13).
Total Depravity
The chapter implies that humanity is unable to attain righteousness through their own efforts, highlighting the need for God's sovereign intervention (Romans 9:30-33).
Irresistible Grace
The concept of irresistible grace is suggested by Paul's explanation of God's sovereign call, which is effective in bringing people to salvation (Romans 9:24).

Lessons from Romans 9

  1. The Importance of Prayer — Paul's sorrow over Israel's unbelief highlights the importance of prayer and intercession for unbelievers.
  2. The Mystery of Election — The chapter's discussion of election reminds us that God's ways are not always easy to understand, but we can trust in His sovereignty.
  3. The Sovereignty of God — The chapter emphasizes God's absolute authority and control over all things, including salvation and human destiny.
  4. The Need for Humility — The chapter challenges us to humble ourselves and acknowledge our dependence on God, recognizing that our understanding is limited.
  5. The Importance of Scripture — Paul's use of Old Testament scriptures highlights the authority and importance of Scripture in understanding God's character and plans.

Themes from Romans 9

  1. God's Sovereignty — The chapter emphasizes God's absolute authority and control over all things, including salvation and human destiny.
  2. Election — The doctrine of election is presented as a sovereign act of God's grace, by which He chooses some individuals for salvation.
  3. Israel and the Church — The chapter explores the relationship between Israel and the church, highlighting the mystery of God's plans and the importance of prayer and intercession.
  4. Total Depravity — The chapter implies that humanity is unable to attain righteousness through their own efforts, highlighting the need for God's sovereign intervention.
  5. Irresistible Grace — The concept of irresistible grace is suggested by Paul's explanation of God's sovereign call, which is effective in bringing people to salvation.

Questions for Meditation

  1. What is the source of Paul's sorrow in Romans 9:1-5, and how does it relate to his ministry?
  2. How does Paul's discussion of election in Romans 9:6-13 relate to the broader theme of God's sovereignty?
  3. What objections to God's sovereignty does Paul address in Romans 9:14-24, and how does he respond to them?
  4. How does Paul's use of Old Testament scriptures in Romans 9:25-29 support his arguments about God's faithfulness?
  5. What implications does the chapter have for our understanding of the relationship between Israel and the church?

Detailed Chapter Outline

1. Introduction to Paul's Sorrow (Romans 9:1-5)

9:1 Paul expresses his deep sorrow and anguish over Israel's unbelief, wishing he could be accursed for their sake.
9:2 He explains that his sorrow is not just emotional, but also spiritual, as he desires their salvation.

2. The Sovereignty of God in Election (Romans 9:6-13)

9:6 Paul explains that not all who are descended from Israel are true Israel, citing the example of Isaac and Ishmael.
9:7 He quotes from the Old Testament to support his argument, emphasizing God's sovereign choice.

3. God's Sovereignty and Human Responsibility (Romans 9:14-24)

9:14 Paul answers objections to God's sovereignty, arguing that God is not unjust in His dealings with humanity.
9:15 He explains that God's mercy is not based on human merit, but on His sovereign will.

4. God's Faithfulness to His Promises (Romans 9:25-29)

9:25 Paul quotes from the Old Testament to demonstrate God's faithfulness to His promises, despite Israel's unfaithfulness.
9:26 He explains that God's promises are not limited to Israel, but also include the Gentiles.

5. Israel's Unbelief and the Gospel (Romans 9:30-33)

9:30 Paul discusses why Israel has not attained righteousness, despite their zeal for God.
9:31 He explains that the Gentiles have attained righteousness through faith, while Israel has stumbled over the stumbling stone.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of Paul's sorrow over Israel's unbelief?

Paul's sorrow highlights the importance of prayer and intercession for unbelievers, and demonstrates his deep emotional investment in their salvation (Romans 9:1-5).

How does Paul's discussion of election relate to the broader theme of God's sovereignty?

Paul's discussion of election emphasizes God's sovereign choice and highlights the mystery of salvation, which is rooted in God's sovereignty (Romans 9:6-13).

What implications does the chapter have for our understanding of the relationship between Israel and the church?

The chapter suggests that God's plans for Israel are still unfolding, and that the church has a crucial role to play in praying for and witnessing to Israel (Romans 9:25-29, Romans 11).

Top Cross References

ReferenceConnection
1 Romans 9:6 → Genesis 21:12 The example of Isaac and Ishmael illustrates God's sovereign choice in election.
2 Romans 9:7 → Genesis 25:23 The story of Jacob and Esau demonstrates God's sovereignty in election, as He chooses one over the other before they are born.
3 Romans 9:12 → Genesis 25:23 The quote from Genesis 25:23 emphasizes God's sovereign will in election, which is not based on human merit or works.
4 Romans 9:13 → Malachi 1:2-3 The quote from Malachi 1:2-3 highlights God's sovereign love and hatred, which are not based on human emotions or reactions.
5 Romans 9:15 → Exodus 33:19 The quote from Exodus 33:19 emphasizes God's sovereign mercy, which is not based on human merit or works.
6 Romans 9:17 → Exodus 9:16 The quote from Exodus 9:16 highlights God's sovereign purpose in raising up Pharaoh, which is to demonstrate His power and glory.
7 Romans 9:25 → Hosea 1:10 The quote from Hosea 1:10 emphasizes God's faithfulness to His promises, despite Israel's unfaithfulness.
8 Romans 9:26 → Hosea 1:10 The quote from Hosea 1:10 highlights God's inclusion of the Gentiles in His promises, which is a key theme in the chapter.
9 Romans 9:27 → Isaiah 10:22-23 The quote from Isaiah 10:22-23 emphasizes the remnant of Israel, which will be saved through God's sovereign mercy.
10 Romans 9:33 → Isaiah 8:14 The quote from Isaiah 8:14 highlights the stumbling stone, which is Christ, and the importance of faith in Him for salvation.

Sermons on Romans 9

SermonDescription
Chuck Smith (People God Uses) 04 Knowing the Word of God by Chuck Smith In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of running the race of serving the Lord Jesus Christ with all-out effort. He refers to the book of Acts, highlighting the powe
Warren Wiersbe Avoiding the Storms of Life by Warren Wiersbe In this sermon, the speaker discusses the story of Paul and his companions encountering a storm while on a ship. The speaker highlights different reactions to the storm, such as dr
Leonard Ravenhill The Burdens of Ravenhill - Part 1 (Compilation) by Leonard Ravenhill In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of viewing the Bible as an absolute truth. He encourages believers to have a deep conviction in the authority and power of Go
David Wilkerson Hell - Part 1 by David Wilkerson In this sermon, the preacher discusses the concept of hell and the judgment of God. He emphasizes that even before eternity comes, God will pour out His judgments on the earth, inc
Paul Washer Ministering to the Lord by Paul Washer In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the book of Romans, particularly chapters 1-11. He highlights how Paul, empowered by the Holy Spirit, condemns the entire human race through
David Wilkerson War in Heaven by David Wilkerson In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of being ready for the return of Jesus Christ. He uses the analogy of a house on fire to illustrate the urgency of the situat
Jim Cymbala One Strange Stone by Jim Cymbala In this sermon, the preacher discusses the concept that some good things can have a negative impact on people. He gives examples of how ambulances, which save lives, can also bring
J. Vernon McGee (Exodus) Exodus 13:20-22 by J. Vernon McGee In this sermon, the speaker discusses the journey of the Israelites through the wilderness after leaving Egypt. The speaker emphasizes how God provided for them by leading them wit
A.W. Tozer Doctrine of the Remnant - Part 2 by A.W. Tozer In this sermon, the preacher talks about a young man who is preaching in a church. The preacher notices that the young man is using certain techniques to captivate the audience, su
Chuck Missler Hosea #1 Ch. 1 Introduction by Chuck Missler In this sermon, the preacher discusses various themes found in the book of Isaiah and draws parallels to the current state of the country. The sermon touches on topics such as viol

Summary of Matthew Henry Commentary on Romans 9

In this chapter, Paul expresses his deep sorrow over the unbelief of his kinsmen, the Israelites. He explains that not all who are descended from Israel are true Israel, citing examples from the Old Testament to support his argument. Paul then discusses the sovereignty of God in election, emphasizing that God's mercy is not based on human merit, but on His sovereign will. The chapter highlights the mystery of salvation, which is rooted in God's sovereignty, and emphasizes the importance of faith in Christ for salvation. As Matthew Henry notes, 'The doctrine of election is a great mystery, and it is our duty to adore the sovereignty of God, and to submit to His will, though we cannot fully understand it.' Read the full unabridged Matthew Henry Commentary →

What Do You Notice?

Paul's Emotional Investment

Paul's deep sorrow and anguish over Israel's unbelief (Romans 9:1-5) demonstrate his emotional investment in their salvation. This highlights the importance of prayer and intercession for unbelievers.

The Mystery of Election

The chapter's discussion of election and sovereignty raises questions about the nature of God's sovereignty and human responsibility (Romans 9:14-24).

The Importance of Scripture

Paul's use of Old Testament scriptures to support his arguments (Romans 9:7, 12-13, 25-29) highlights the authority and importance of Scripture in understanding God's character and plans.

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