Exodus 22:12
Exodus 22:12 in Multiple Translations
But if the animal was actually stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner.
And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.
But if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.
But if it is taken from him by a thief, he is to make up for the loss of it to its owner.
However, if the animal really was stolen from the neighbor, he must compensate the owner.
But if it be stollen from him, he shall make restitution vnto the owner thereof.
but if it is certainly stolen from him, he doth repay to its owner;
But if it is stolen from him, the one who stole shall make restitution to its owner.
And if it shall be stolen from him, he shall make restitution to the owner of it.
But if it were taken away by stealth, he shall make the loss good to the owner.
But if the animal was stolen while he was supposed to be taking care of it, the man who promised to take care of it must pay back the owner for the animal.
Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 22:12
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Exodus 22:12 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
אִם
טָרֹ֥ף
יִטָּרֵ֖ף
יְבִאֵ֣/הוּ
עֵ֑ד
הַ/טְּרֵפָ֖ה
לֹ֥א
יְשַׁלֵּֽם
אִם
ʼim
H518
if
Conj
טָרֹ֥ף
ṭâraph
H2963
to tear
V-Qal-Ptc
יִטָּרֵ֖ף
ṭâraph
H2963
to tear
V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms
יְבִאֵ֣/הוּ
bôwʼ
H935
Lebo
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff
עֵ֑ד
ʻêd
H5707
witness
N-ms
הַ/טְּרֵפָ֖ה
ṭᵉrêphâh
H2966
torn animal
Art | N-fs
לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Part
יְשַׁלֵּֽם
shâlam
H7999
to complete
V-Piel-Imperf-3ms
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 22:12
אִם
ʼim
H518
"if"
Conj
This Hebrew word is used to express conditions or questions, like if or whether. It can also be used to make oaths or express wishes, as in Oh that! It appears in various forms in the KJV, including if, though, and when.
Definition: : if/whether_or/though 1) if 1a) conditional clauses 1a1) of possible situations 1a2) of impossible situations 1b) oath contexts 1b1) no, not 1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or 1d) when, whenever 1e) since 1f) interrogative particle 1g) but rather
Usage: Occurs in 931 OT verses. KJV: (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet. See also: Genesis 4:7; Exodus 22:3; Leviticus 27:27.
טָרֹ֥ף
ṭâraph
H2963
"to tear"
V-Qal-Ptc
This Hebrew word means to tear or pull something apart, and it can also mean to provide food. In the Bible, it appears in Exodus 22:13 and Proverbs 30:14. It describes an act of violence or providing for someone.
Definition: 1) to tear, rend, pluck 1a) (Qal) to tear, rend 1b) (Niphal) to be torn in pieces 1c) (Poal) to be torn in pieces 1d) (Hiphil) to provide food
Usage: Occurs in 22 OT verses. KJV: catch, [idiom] without doubt, feed, ravin, rend in pieces, [idiom] surely, tear (in pieces). See also: Genesis 37:33; Proverbs 30:8; Psalms 7:3.
יִטָּרֵ֖ף
ṭâraph
H2963
"to tear"
V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms
This Hebrew word means to tear or pull something apart, and it can also mean to provide food. In the Bible, it appears in Exodus 22:13 and Proverbs 30:14. It describes an act of violence or providing for someone.
Definition: 1) to tear, rend, pluck 1a) (Qal) to tear, rend 1b) (Niphal) to be torn in pieces 1c) (Poal) to be torn in pieces 1d) (Hiphil) to provide food
Usage: Occurs in 22 OT verses. KJV: catch, [idiom] without doubt, feed, ravin, rend in pieces, [idiom] surely, tear (in pieces). See also: Genesis 37:33; Proverbs 30:8; Psalms 7:3.
יְבִאֵ֣/הוּ
bôwʼ
H935
"Lebo"
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter
Usage: Occurs in 2307 OT verses. KJV: abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way. See also: Genesis 2:19; Genesis 32:7; Exodus 1:19.
עֵ֑ד
ʻêd
H5707
"witness"
N-ms
This Hebrew word means witness or testimony, describing someone who sees or experiences something. It's used in the Bible to talk about people who testify to what they've seen, like in Deuteronomy when describing legal witnesses.
Definition: 1) witness 1a) witness, testimony, evidence (of things) 1b) witness (of people)
Usage: Occurs in 60 OT verses. KJV: witness. See also: Genesis 31:44; Psalms 27:12; Psalms 35:11.
הַ/טְּרֵפָ֖ה
ṭᵉrêphâh
H2966
"torn animal"
Art | N-fs
This word refers to an animal that has been torn apart by another animal. In Exodus 22:13 and Leviticus 7:24, it describes the remains of an animal that has been attacked by a predator.
Definition: that which is torn, animal torn (by beasts)
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: ravin, (that which was) torn (of beasts, in pieces). See also: Genesis 31:39; Leviticus 17:15; Nahum 2:13.
לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
יְשַׁלֵּֽם
shâlam
H7999
"to complete"
V-Piel-Imperf-3ms
This verb means to be at peace or to make peace with someone. It is used in the Bible to describe a state of safety or friendship. In the KJV, it is translated as 'make amends' or 'be at peace'.
Definition: 1) to be complete, be sound 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be complete, be finished, be ended 1a2) to be sound, be uninjured 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to complete, finish 1b2) to make safe 1b3) to make whole or good, restore, make compensation 1b4) to make good, pay 1b5) to requite, recompense, reward 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to be performed 1c2) to be repaid, be requited 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to complete, perform 1d2) to make an end of Aramaic equivalent: she.lam (שְׁלֵם "be complete" H8000)
Usage: Occurs in 107 OT verses. KJV: make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-) pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, [idiom] surely. See also: Genesis 44:4; Psalms 7:5; Psalms 22:26.
Study Notes — Exodus 22:12
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Exodus 22:12 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Exodus 22:12
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 22:12
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
- Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
- Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
- Cambridge Bible on Exodus 22:12
- Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
Context — Property Laws
10If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching,
11an oath before the LORD shall be made between the parties to determine whether or not the man has taken his neighbor’s property. The owner must accept the oath and require no restitution.
12But if the animal was actually stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner.
13If the animal was torn to pieces, he shall bring it as evidence; he need not make restitution for the torn carcass. 14If a man borrows an animal from his neighbor and it is injured or dies while its owner is not present, he must make full restitution.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 31:39 | I did not bring you anything torn by wild beasts; I bore the loss myself. And you demanded payment from me for what was stolen by day or night. |
| 2 | Exodus 22:7 | If a man gives his neighbor money or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double. |
Exodus 22:12 Summary
This verse, Exodus 22:12, means that if someone's animal was stolen while in our care, we must pay them back for the loss, as a way of taking responsibility for our actions. This teaches us to be honest and trustworthy, like it says in Proverbs 10:9, and to love our neighbors as ourselves, as commanded in Leviticus 19:18. It's like if you borrowed a toy from a friend and it got broken or lost - you would want to make it right and replace it or pay for it, as seen in the principle of restitution in Leviticus 6:4-5. This shows that we value our relationships and care about how our actions affect others.
Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if the animal was stolen from the neighbor?
If the animal was actually stolen from the neighbor, the person responsible must make restitution to the owner, as stated in Exodus 22:12, similar to the principle found in Leviticus 6:4-5 where restitution is required for stolen property.
How does this verse relate to being a good neighbor?
This verse emphasizes the importance of being a trustworthy neighbor, as seen in the command to love our neighbors as ourselves in Leviticus 19:18, and taking responsibility for our actions if we have failed to care for their property.
Is restitution only required if the animal was stolen?
According to Exodus 22:12, restitution is specifically required if the animal was stolen, but other situations may require different actions, such as if the animal was torn to pieces, as seen in Exodus 22:13.
What does this verse teach about personal responsibility?
This verse teaches that we are responsible for our actions and must take ownership of our mistakes, as seen in the requirement to make restitution, echoing the principle in Numbers 5:7 where restitution is required for wrongdoing.
Reflection Questions
- How can I apply the principle of restitution in my own life when I have wronged someone or failed to care for their property?
- What are some ways I can demonstrate trustworthiness and responsibility to my neighbors, as exhorted in Exodus 22:12?
- How does the concept of restitution relate to the biblical principle of forgiveness, as seen in Matthew 6:14-15?
- In what ways can I show love and care for my neighbors' property, as commanded in Leviticus 19:18?
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 22:12
And if it be stolen from him,.... Or "but if" (x) it was taken away by theft; and that "from with him" (y), as it may be literally rendered, from among his own cattle, and they not taken; and he
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 22:12
If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man's house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
From him, Heb. from with him, which is an emphatical expression, and notes that this was taken away, either, 1. From those things which were with him, or which were his, i.e. from the midst of his own goods, which supposeth fraud in him. Or, 2. From under his eye, when he either did know of it, or with common care and diligence it might have been known and prevented, and this argues gross neglect in him. And this is one reason why this man is bound to make restitution, when the other, , is not: another reason of the difference is, because those things, , were only or principally dead things, and such things as required no great care; or if they did, yet he with whom they were left received no recompence for them, and therefore was not obliged to any singular care about them; but here the things were such as needed great care and diligence, which also this man was obliged to perform by the hire which he received upon that account, which was Jacob’ s case, .
Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
Exodus 22:12 And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.Ver. 12. If it be stolen,] sc., Through his carelessness. Poor Jacob had hard law.
Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
(12) If it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution.—It seems to have been considered that theft could have been prevented by proper care, but that hurts from wild beasts or accidents were not preventible.
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 22:12
12. If, however, the animal be stolen, this might have been guarded against by greater care, and compensation must be made.
Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 22:12
12. If it be stolen from him — Hebrew, from with him, that is, from a place where his immediate oversight would naturally prevent such seizure. In this case the loss would be regarded as due to his carelessness. Comp.