Nature And Grace

1 VOLUME XI 2 GENERAL EDITORS 3 GENERAL EDITORS' PREFACE 4 CONTENTS PART I. QUESTIONS 1-4; 20-23 GENERAL INTRODUCTION, 21 Q. I: WHAT SACRED DOCTRINE IS, AND WHAT IT CONCERNS 5 General Introduction 6 Part I. Questions 1-4; 20-23 cQuestion One WHAT SACRED DOCTRINE IS, AND WHAT IT CONCERNS 7 Article One Whether Another Doctrine is Necessary, besides the Philosophical Sciences 8 Article Two Whether Sacred Doctrine is a Science 9 Article Three Whether Sacred Doctrine is a Single Science 10 Article Four Whether Sacred Doctrine is a Practical Science 11 Article Five Whether Sacred Doctrine is Nobler than other Sciences 12 Article Six Whether Sacred Doctrine is Wisdom 13 Article Seven Whether God is the Subject of This Science 14 Article Eight Whether Sacred Doctrine Proceeds by Argument 15 Article Nine Whether Sacred Doctrine should Use Metaphors 16 Article Ten Whether One Passage of Sacred Scripture may have Several Interpretations 17 Question Two THE EXISTENCE OF GOD 18 Article One Whether it is Self-Evident that God Exists 19 Article Two Whether God's Existence can be Demonstrated 20 Article Three Whether God Exists 21 Question Three OF THE SIMPLE NATURE OF GOD 22 Article One Whether God is a Body 23 Article Two Whether there is Composition of Form and Matter in God 24 Article Three Whether God is the Same as his Essence, or Nature 25 Article Four Whether Essence and Existence are the Same in God 26 Article Five Whether God Belongs to a Genus 27 Article Six Whether there is any Accident in God 28 Article Seven Whether God is Altogether Simple 29 Article Eight Whether God Enters into the Composition of Other Things 30 Question Four THE PERFECTION OF GOD 31 Article One Whether God is Perfect 32 Article Two Whether the Perfections of all Things are in God 33 Article Three Whether any Creature can be Like God 34 Appendix to Q. 4, Art. 3 Q. 12, Art. 12. (Whether, in this life, God can be known through natural reason.) 35 Question Twenty THE LOVE OF GOD 36 Article One Whether there is Love in God 37 Article Two Whether God Loves all Things 38 Article Three Whether God Loves All Things Equally 39 Article Four Whether God Always Loves Better Things the More 40 Question Twenty-One THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD 41 Article One Whether There Is Justice in God 42 Article Two Whether God's Justice is Truth 43 Article Three Whether there is Mercy in God 44 Article Four Whether Justice and Mercy are Present in all God's Works 45 Question Twenty-Two OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE 46 Article One Whether Providence is Appropriately Ascribed to God 47 Article Two Whether All Things are under Divine Providence 48 Article Three Whether God Provides for All Things Directly 49 Article Four Whether Providence Imposes a Necessity on what it Provides 50 Question Twenty-Three OF PREDESTINATION 51 Article One Whether Men are Predestined by God 52 Article Two Whether Predestination Implies Anything in the Predestined 53 Article Three Whether God Rejects Any Man 54 Article Four Whether the Predestined are Chosen by God 55 Article Five Whether the Foreknowledge of Merits is the Cause of Predestination 56 Article Six Whether Predestination is Certain 57 Article Seven Whether the Number of the Predestined is Certain 58 Article Eight Whether Predestination can be Furthered by the Prayers of the Devout 59 Of Sin. Prima Secundae, Questions 82, 83. Question Eighty-Two THE ESSENCE OF ORIGINAL SIN 60 Article One Whether Original Sin is a Habit 61 Article Two Whether there are Many Original Sins in One Man 62 Article Three Whether Original Sin is Desire 63 Article Four Whether Original Sin is in All Men Equally 64 Question Eighty-Five THE EFFECTS OF SIN 65 Article One Whether Sin Diminishes Natural Good 66 Article Two Whether the Whole Good of Human Nature can be Destroyed by Sin 67 Article Three Whether Weakness, Ignorance, Malice, and Desire are Rightly Named as the Wounds of Nature Due to Sin 68 Article Four Whether Privation of Mode, Species, and Order is the Effect of Sin 69 Article Five Whether Death and Other Defects of the Body are the Effects of Sin 70 Article Six Whether Death and Other Defects are Natural to Man 71 Treatise on Grace. Prima Secundae Questions 109--114. Question One Hundred and Nine CONCERNING THE EXTERNAL PRINCIPLE OF HUMAN ACTIONS, THAT IS, THE GRACE OF GOD 72 Article One Whether a Man can Know any Truth without Grace 73 Article Two Whether a Man can Will or do Good without Grace 74 Article Three Whether a Man can Love God above All Things by His Natural Powers alone, without Grace 75 Article Four Whether a Man can fulfil the Commandments of the Law by His Natural Powers, without Grace 76 Article Five Whether a Man can Merit Eternal Life, without Grace 77 Article Six Whether without Grace a Man can Prepare Himself for Grace 78 Article Seven Whether a Man can rise from Sin without the Help of Grace 79 Article Eight Whether a Man can avoid Sin, without Grace 80 Article Nine Whether, after receiving Grace, a Man can do Good and avoid Sin, without further help of Grace 81 Article Ten Whether a Man in Grace needs the help of Grace in order to Persevere 82 Question One Hundred and Ten THE ESSENCE OF GOD'S GRACE 83 Article One Whether Grace denotes Something in the Soul 84 Article Two Whether Grace is a Quality of the Soul 85 Article Three Whether Grace is the same as Virtue 86 Article Four Whether Grace is in the Soul's Essence as its Subject, or in One of its Powers 87 Question One Hundred and Eleven THE DIVISIONS OF GRACE 88 Article One Whether Grace is appropriately divided into Sanctifying Grace and Free Grace 89 Article Two Whether Grace is appropriately divided into Operative and Co-operative Grace 90 Article Three Whether Grace is Appropriately Divided into Prevenient and Subsequent Grace 91 Article Four Whether Free Grace is Appropriately Divided by the Apostle 92 Article Five Whether Free Grace is Nobler than Sanctifying Grace 93 Question One Hundred and Twelve THE CAUSE OF GRACE 94 Article One Whether God is the Sole Cause of Grace 95 Article Two Whether a Preparation or Disposition for Grace is required on the part of man 96 Article Three Whether Grace is Bound to be given to One Who Prepares Himself for Grace, or Who does what He can 97 Article Four Whether Grace is greater in One Man than in Another 98 Article Five Whether a Man can know that He has Grace 99 Question One Hundred and Thirteen THE EFFECTS OF GRACE 100 Article One Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is the Remission of Sins 101 Article Two Whether an Infusion of Grace is required for the Remission of Guilt, which is the Justification of the Ungodly 102 Article Three Whether a Movement of the Free Will is required for the Justification of the Ungodly 103 Article Four Whether a Movement of Faith is reojuired for the Justification of the Ungodly 104 Article Five Whether a Movement of the Free Will against Sin is required for the justification of the ungodly 105 Article Six Whether the Remission of Sins should be Numbered with the things reequired for the Justification of the Ungodly 106 Article Seven Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is achieved Instantaneously or Gradually 107 Article Eight Whether the Infusion of Grace is the First of the Things required for the Justification of the Ungodly, According to the Order of Nature 108 Article Nine Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is the Greatest Work of God 109 Article Ten Whether the Justification of the Ungodly is a Miracle 110 Question One Hundred and Fourteen CONCERNING MERIT, WHICH IS THE EFFECT OF CO-OPERATIVE GRACE 111 Article One Whether a Man can Merit Anything from God 112 Article Two Whether One can Merit Eternal Life without Grace 113 Article Three Whether a Man in Grace can Merit Eternal Life Condignly 114 Article Four Whether Grace is the Principle of Merit through Charity more Principally than through Other Virtues 115 Article Five Whether a Man can Merit the First Grace for Himself 116 Article Six Whether a Man can Merit the First Grace for Another 117 Article Seven Whether a Man can Merit His Restoration after a Lapse 118 Article Eight Whether a Man can Merit an Increase of Grace or Charity 119 Article Nine Whether a Man can Merit Perseverance 120 Article Ten Whether Temporal Goods can be Merited 121 Treatise on the Theological Virtues cI. On Faith. Secunda Secundae, Questions 1-7. Question One THE OBJECT OF FAITH 122 Article One Whether the Object of Faith is the First Truth 123 Article Two Whether the Object of Faith is Something Complex, in the Form of a Proposition 124 Article Three Whether what is False can be Held in Faith 125 Article Four Whether the Object of Faith can be Something Seen 126 Article Five Whether the Things of Faith can be Known Scientifically 127 Article Six Whether Matters of Faith ought to be Divided into Certain Articles 128 Article Seven Whether the Articles of Faith have Increased with the Passing of Time 129 Article Eight Whether the Articles of Faith are appropriately Enumerated 130 Article Nine Whether the Articles of Faith are appropriately Set Forth in a Symbol 131 Article Ten Whether it is for the Chief Pontiff to Draw Up the Symbol of the Faith 132 Question Two THE ACT OF FAITH 133 Article One Whether to Believe is to Think with Assent 134 Article Two Whether to Believe God, to Believe that there is a God, and to Believe in God are rightly Distinguished as Acts of Faith 135 Article Three Whether, for Salvation, it is Necessary to Believe Anything which is Beyond Natural Reason 136 Article Four Whether it is Necessary to Believe such Things as can be Proved by Natural Reason 137 Article Five Whether a Man is required to Believe Anything Explicitly 138 Article Six Whether all Men Equally are required to have Explicit Faith 139 Article Seven Whether Explicit Belief in the Mystery of the Incarnation of Christ is Necessary for the Salvation of Everybody 140 Article Eight Whether Explicit Belief in the Trinity is Necessary for Salvation 141 Article Nine Whether to Believe is Meritorious 142 Article Ten Whether a Reason in Support of the Things of Faith Diminishes the Merit of Faith 143 Question Three THE OUTWARD ACT OF FAITH 144 Article One Whether Confession is an Act of Faith 145 Article Two Whether Confession of Faith is Necessary for Salvation 146 Question Four THE VIRTUE ITSELF OF FAITH 147 Article One Whether this is a Satisfactory Definition of Faith: Faith is the Substance of Things Hoped for, the Evidence of Things not Seen 148 Article Two Whether Faith is in the Intellect as its Subject 149 Article Three Whether Charity is the Form of Faith 150 Article Four Whether Unformed Faith can become Formed, or Vice Versa 151 Article Five Whether Faith is a Virtue 152 Article Six Whether Faith is a Single Virtue 153 Article Seven Whether Faith is the First of the Virtues 154 Article Eight Whether Faith is more Certain than Science and the Other Intellectual Virtues 155 Question Five OF THOSE WHO HAVE FAITH 156 Article One Whether Angels and Man had Faith in their First State 157 Article Two Whether Devils Have Faith 158 Article Three Whether One Who Disbelieves One Article of Faith can Have Unformed Faith in the Other Articles 159 Article Four Whether Faith can be Greater in One Than in Another 160 Question Six THE CAUSE OF FAITH 161 Article One Whether Faith is Infused into Man by God 162 Article Two Whether Unformed Faith is a Gift of God 163 Question Seven THE EFFECT OF FAITH 164 Article One Whether Fear is an Effect of Faith 165 Article Two Whether Purification of the Heart is an Effect of Faith 166 cII. On Hope. Secunda Secundae, Questions 17--21. Question Seventeen OF HOPE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF 167 Article One Whether Hope is a Virtue 168 Article Two Whether Eternal Blessedness is the Proper Object of Hope 169 Article Three Whether One can Hope for the Eternal Blessedness of Another 170 Article Four Whether One may Lawfully Hope in Man 171 Article Five Whether Hope is a Theological Virtue 172 Article Six Whether Hope is Distinct from the other Theological Virtues 173 Article Seven Whether Hope precedes Faith 174 Article Eight Whether Charity is Prior to Hope 175 Question Eighteen THE SUBJECT OF HOPE 176 Article One Whether Hope is in the Will as its Subject 177 Article Two Whether there is Hope in the Blessed 178 Article Three Whether there is Hope in the Damned 179 Question Nineteen THE GIFT OF FEAR 180 Article One Whether God can be Feared 181 Article Two Whether Fear is appropriately Divided into Filial, Initial, Servile, and Worldly Fear 182 Article Three Whether Worldly Fear is always Evil 183 Article Four Whether Servile Fear is Good 184 Article Five Whether Servile Fear is substantially the Same as Filial Fear 185 Article Six Whether Servile Fear Remains when Charity is Present 186 Article Seven Whether Fear is the Beginning of Wisdom 187 Article Eight Whether Initial Fear Differs Substantially from Filial Fear 188 Article Nine Whether Fear is a Gift of the Holy Spirit 189 Article Ten Whether Fear Diminishes as Charity Increases 190 Article Eleven Whether Fear Remains in Heaven 191 Article Twelve Whether Poverty of Spirit is the Beatitude which Corresponds to the Gift of Fear 192 Question Twenty OF DESPAIR 193 Article One Whether Despair is a Sin 194 Article Two Whether there can be Despair without Unbelief 195 Article Three Whether Despair is the Greatest of Sins 196 Article Four Whether Despair Arises from Listlessness 197 Question Twenty-One OF PRESUMPTION 198 Article One Whether Presumption Relies on God, or on One's Own Power 199 Article Two Whether Presumption is a Sin 200 Article Three Whether Presumption is Opposed to Fear rather than to Hope 201 Article Four Whether Presumption is Caused by Vainglory 202 III. On Charity. Secunda Secundae. Questions 23, 27. Question Twenty-Three OF CHARITY, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF 203 Article One Whether Charity is Friendship 204 Article Two Whether Charity is Something Created in the Soul 205 Article Three Whether Charity is a Virtue 206 Article Four Whether Charity is a Specific Virtue 207 Article Five Whether Charity is a Single Virtue 208 Article Six Whether Charity is the Most Excellent of the Virtues 209 Article Seven Whether there can be any True Virtue without Charity 210 Article Eight Whether Charity is the Form of the Virtues 211 Question Twenty-Seven OF THE PRINCIPAL ACT OF CHARITY, WHICH IS TO LOVE 212 Article One Whether to be Loved is More Proper to Charity than to Love 213 Article Two Whether the Love which is an Act of Charity is the Same as Benevolence 214 Article Three Whether by Charity God is to be Loved on Account of Himself 215 Article Four Whether God can be Loved Immediately in this Life 216 Article Five Whether God can be Loved Wholly 217 Article Six Whether Love to God ought to have a Mode 218 Article Seven Whether it is more Meritorious to Love an Enemy than to Love a Friend 219 Article Eight Whether it is more Meritorious to Love One's Neighbour than to Love God 220 BIBLIOGRAPHY 221 Index of References to Other Authors and Sources 222 This document is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College, http://www.ccel.org, generated on demand from ThML source.