CHAPTER II: ENGLISH VERSIONS OF GERHARDT'S HYMNS.
ENGLISH VERSIONS OF GERHARDT'S HYMNS.
While the first influence of Gerhardt on English hymnody dates from the earlier part of the XVIIIth century it was not until the middle of the following century [120] that his influence was most fully felt. For it was then that the whole subject of church music and congregational singing in England received renewed and special attention. The English hymn writers and compilers of hymn books naturally appropriated all embodiment of Christian experience and devotion that Germany, a country so nearly akin to their own, could offer. The translators of all German hymns were subjected to certain limitations the observance of which affected the character of the rendering. The accompanying versions of Gerhardt's poems are illustrations of this statement.
A parallel arrangement of these various versions reveals the following interesting facts. First, that literalness has been rarely attained for the reason that a certain measure of freedom has to be used in any metrical rendering. Some, as for example, [107]Dr. J. Kelly, have striven to maintain fidelity to the sense of the original and thereby have often sacrificed euphony to fidelity. Secondly, there has been made necessary the frequent use of the double rhymes which are as common in the German language, on account of its peculiar structure, as monosyllabic rhymes are in English. The limited number of double rhymes in English has presented a serious obstacle in the way of rendering German hymns with their native force and simplicity without which qualities the hymns cannot become truly naturalized. In so many cases have the German hymns and tunes been considered as one and inseparable, that the translators have sought to preserve the original metres for the sake of the tunes which would not of course admit of any deviation without harm to their characteristic beauty.
In the following pages we shall discuss those of Gerhardt's hymns (84 in number) which have been translated into English, and cite in most cases the hymn books which have been among the first to recognize the excellence of the English versions. [121] __________________________________________________________________
Du liebe Unschuld du, wie schlecht wirst du geachtt!--(Goed. 3.)
Appeared in the Crü. Praxis, 1656, p. 650.
English Version:
1. By [108]J. Kelly, under the heading, "Under the vexations of the wicked prosperous world," the first stanza as follows:
Ah! lovely innocence, how evil art thou deemed, How lightly oft thy work by all the world's esteem'd! Thou servest God, thy Lord, and to His word thou cleavest. For this, from men thou nought but scorn and hate receivest.
This translation is somewhat labored as is especially evident in line 4 above for the German:
"Darüber höhnt man dich und drückt dich aller Orten."
Goedeke in his note to this hymn points out that from the use of the Alexandrine verse, the freedom from biblical phraseology and from the generality of the expressions it is probable that this is one of Gerhardt's earliest poems composed at a time when he patterned his writings after the model of Opitz. [122] __________________________________________________________________
[122] On Gerhardt's use of the Alexandrine cf. p. 20 f, and on the influence of Opitz cf. p. 18. __________________________________________________________________
Wie ist so grosz und schwer die Last.--(Goed. 7.)
Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 299.
This fervent appeal for protection during the Thirty Years' War has been translated into English only by [109]J. Kelly 1867, p. 246. In line 36 he renders (from the Wackernagel text which he used):
"Behold! my heart, on every hand."
As mein Herr is very evidently the proper reading from the sense of the context and the character of the other stanzas, it is unfortunate that his otherwise excellent rendering should be made to suffer by this one weak stanza.
"Protection of God in hitherto dangerous times of war."
Stanza 1. How heavy is the burden made
That Thou upon our backs hast laid,
O God! the Lord of Hosts,
O God, whose anger rises high
'Gainst workers of iniquity.
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O Herrscher in dem Himmelszelt.--(Goed. 15.)
Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 315.
This poem and "Nun ist der Regen hin" (cf. Goed. [110]17, below) were both written during the Thirty Years' War and inspired by the same occasion. Gerhardt in two instances uses the same set of rhymes:
Goed. 15 Goed. 17
l. 1 zelt l. 31 feld
2 feld 32 zelt
51 bekehrt 5 gekehrt
52 erhört 6 erhöret
The long metre lends itself well to English translation, and [111]Kelly in his English version has observed with precision the pleading and melancholy tone of the original.
Stanza 1. O God! who dost Heav'n's sceptre wield,
What is it that now makes our field,
And everything that it doth bear,
Such sad and ruined aspect wear? [123]
[112]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 294.
His last stanza forms by its fervor an even stronger conclusion than Gerhardt's. The alteration from "bis in unsern Tod" to "as long as we may live" is a decided improvement, and more consistent with the thought of the context:
Verleih uns bis in unsern Tod
Alltäglich unser liebes Brot
Und dermaleins nach diser Zeit
Das süsze Brot der Ewigkeit! And, Lord, as long as we may live
Our daily bread in bounty give
And when the end of time we see
The bread give of eternity.
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[123] On the pessimistic tone in this stanza cf. p. 24. __________________________________________________________________
Nun ist der Regen hin.--(Goed. 17.)
First published in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 315.
This simple nature poem expressing to the Almighty thanks for gracious sunshine after a storm has appeared but once in English verse, the version of [113]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 298. The many poetic allusions and references to nature he has imitated very acceptably, at times even surpassing the thought of the original. In the first stanza the rhymes "gekehret" and "erhöret" have been especially aptly rendered by the accented ed in "turnéd" and spurnéd."
Stanza 1. Now gone is all the rain,
Rejoice my heart again,
Sing after times of sadness
To God thy Lord with gladness!
Our God His heart hath turned
Our pray'r He hath not spurned
How successfully [114]Kelly has caught the spirit of Gerhardt's nature description is evident in stanza 9:
Die Bäume werden schön
In ihrer Fülle stehen,
Die Berge werden flieszen,
Und Wein und Oele gieszen,
Das Bienlein wird wol tragen
Bei guten warmen Tagen. The trees so very fair
Fruit-laden will stand there;
From hill-sides like a river
Will wine and oil flow ever
In warm and quiet weather
Will bees their honey gather.
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Nun laszt uns gehn und treten.--(Goed. 19.)
[New Year.]
Evidently written during the Thirty Years' War. It first appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 106, in 15 stanzas of 4 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 12; Bachmann: no. 24; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 200.
English Versions:
1. In prayer your voices raise ye.
In full, by [115]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 45. From this 8 stanzas are included in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880. [124]
2. Now let each humble creature.
In the Suppl. to Ger. Psal., 1765, p. 4, and Select Hymns from Ger. Psal., Tranquebar, 1754, p. 7. In the Moravian Hymn Bk., 1789, no. 507 (1849, no. 1106) greatly altered and beginning, "Year after year commenceth."
3. O come with prayer and singing.
[116]R. Massie in the British Herald, Jan., 1865, p. 8.
4. Christians all, with one accord.
[117]E. Massie, 1867, p. 168.
5. With notes of joy and songs of praise.
Dr. R. Maguire, 1883, p. 24. __________________________________________________________________
[124] alt., The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, no. 122. __________________________________________________________________
Noch dennoch must du drum nicht ganz.--(Goed. 23.)
Appeared in the Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 814.
This hymn of consolation seems to refer to some particular disaster that had befallen the community during the Thirty Years' War. The "drum" in line 1 may possibly refer to some address or announcement made to the congregation.
The poem has been well translated in full by [118]J. Kelly, 1867, p.
230. He makes no attempt to render the doubtful meaning above referred to in the word "drum." On the other hand his interpretations of several rather obscure lines (cf. lines 29 and 43 below) are undoubtedly correct.
Stanza 1. Thou must not altogether be
O'ercome by sad vexation,
God soon will cause to shine on thee
The light of consolation.
In patience wait, and be thou still
And let the Lord do what He will,
He never can do evil.
Lines 29, 30 [125] are rendered:
God therefore all our joys doth blight.
Lets trials overtake us,
and lines 43, 44: [126]
Afflicted band! oh, fall ye now
With contrite hearts before Him,
In this last citation [119]Kelly is right in assuming it is not literally the "army" but rather the congregation or community that Gerhardt is here addressing.
Wie soll ich dich empfangen.--(Goed. 25.)
[120](Cf. p. 82.) __________________________________________________________________
[125] Gerhardt, lines 29, 30: Drum fährt uns Gott durch unsern Sinn Und läszt uns Weh geschehen;
[126] lines 43, 44: Drum falle, du betrübtes Heer, In Demut für Ihm nieder; __________________________________________________________________
Nun du lebest, unsre Krone.--(Goed. 28.)
This poem was appended to an address delivered in Berlin on the 23d of March, 1648, at the funeral of Peter Fritzen, the President of the Consistory.
English Version:
1. On thy bier how calm thou'rt sleeping
Yet thou livest, oh our crown!
Watch eternal art thou keeping,
Standing near thy Savior's throne.
Endless joy thy portion now!
Why should tears so freely flow?
What should thus in sorrow sink us?
Up! aright let us bethink us!
A complete translation by [121]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 338. __________________________________________________________________
Sei mir tausendmal gegrüszet.--(Goed. 40.)
Taken from the "Salve mundi salutare," ascribed to St. Bernard of Clairvaux. [127] The text of this beautiful poem is in St. Bernard's Opera Omnia, Paris, 1609, cols. 1655-56. Here it is entitled "A rhythmical prayer to anyone of the members of Christ suffering and hanging on the Cross," and is divided into 7 parts viz:
I. Salve mundi salutare (to the Feet).
II. Salve Jesu, Rex sanctorum (to the Knees).
III. Salve Jesu, pastor bone (to the Hands).
IV. Salve Jesu, summe bonus (to the Side).
V. Salve salus mea, Deus (to the Breast).
VI. Summi Regis cor aveto (to the Heart).
VII. Salve caput cruentatum (to the Face).
The whole poem has been frequently translated into German. The best known translations are those by Paul Gerhardt, which are free versions of all the seven parts from the Latin text of 1609. Of Gerhardt's versions, nos. I, V, VI, and VII have passed into English, as follows: __________________________________________________________________
[127] Bernard of Clairvaux, saint, abbot, and doctor, was born in Burgundy in 1091, entered the monastery of Citeaux in 1113. In 1146 he spent much time in traversing France and Germany to rouse the people to participate in the ill-fated second crusade. He died in 1153. The hymns by which he is best known are (1) "Jesu dulcis memoria," a long poem on the "Name of Jesus," and (2) "Salve mundi salutare," an address to the various members of Christ on the cross. Hymns, translated from, or founded on, St. Bernard's will be found in almost every modern hymnal. __________________________________________________________________
I. Sei mir tausendmal gegrüszet.--(Goed. 40.)
This appeared in the 5th ed., Berlin, 1653, and the Frankfort ed., 1656, of Crü. Praxis, no. 150; thence in Wackernagel: no. 16; Bachmann: no. 48; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 116.
English Versions:
1. Thousand times by me be greeted.
In pt. I of the Moravian H. Bk. 1754. Repeated in [122]later editions.
2. Ever by my love be owned (st. I, III, IV).
[123]A. T. Russell in his Psalms and Hymns, 1851. __________________________________________________________________
V. Gegrüszet seist du, Gott, mein Heil.--(Goed. 46.)
Appeared in the Frankf. ed., 1656, of Crü. Praxis; thence in Wackernagel: no. 20; Bachmann: no. 52.
English Versions:
1. All hail to Thee, my Savior and my God.
Mrs. Stanley Carr in her translation of Wildenhahn's Paul Gerhardt, ed. 1856, p. 116.
2. All hail! my Savior and my God.
[124]R. Massie in the British Herald, Feb., 1865, p. 18. __________________________________________________________________
VI. O Herz des Königs aller Welt.--(Goed. 47.)
Appeared in the Frankf. ed., 1656, of Crü. Praxis, no. 155; thence in Wackernagel: no. 21; Bachmann: no. 53; Berlin, G. L. S.: 1863, no. 258.
English Version:
1. O Heart of Him who dwells on high.
[125]R. Massie in the British Herald, May, 1866, p. 260.
VII. O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden.--(Goed. 49.)
[126](Cf. p. 86 ff.)
Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe.--(Goed. 59.)
[127](Cf. p. 95 ff.)
Nun ruhen alle Wälder.--(Goed. 60.)
[128](Cf. p. 98 ff.) __________________________________________________________________
Weg, mein Herz, mit den Gedanken.--(Goed. 62.)
[Lent.]
Founded on St. Luke XV. Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 36 in 12 stanzas.
English Versions:
1. Let not such a thought e'er pain thee.
[129]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 83.
2. Hence, my heart, with such a thought.
[130]Miss Winkworth, 1869, [131]p. 210.
[3. Shun, my heart, the thought forever.]
[See [132]Appendix.] __________________________________________________________________
Herr, höre, was mein Mund.--(Goed. 65.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 37.
This Prayer for favor in judgment is based on Psalm CXLIII. It is pervaded with deep humility and devoutness.
English Versions:
1. Lord, lend a gracious ear
To my desire sincere
From heart all free from guile
And glad me with Thy smile,
Accept my petition.
[133]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 92.
His rendering of the similes and metaphors of this hymn is especially good. Cf. stanza VI:
Betrachte, wer ich bin,
Im Hui fahr ich dahin,
Zerbrechlich wie ein Glas,
Vergänglich wie ein Gras
Ein Wind kann mich fällen. Consider what we be--
A moment, what are we?
As brittle as frail glass
As fading as the grass,
By a breath we're swept off.
and in stanza X:
Ich lechze wie ein Land, I'm like a thirsty land,
also stanza XI:
Gleich wie auf der Heid Ein Hirsch . . . Like hart upon the heath . . . __________________________________________________________________
Warum machet solche Schmerzen.--(Goed. 67.)
[New Year.]
Based on St. Luke II, 21. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 97 in 4 stanzas. Bunsen, in his Versuch 1833, no. 120, gives stanzas III, IV, altered to "Freut euch, Sünder, allerwegen."
English Versions:
1. Mortals, who have God offended.
[134]Miss Cox, 1841, p. 21, from Bunsen.
2. Why should they such pain e'er give Thee.
[135]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 43.
Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld.--(Goed. 68.)
[136](Cf. p. 104 ff.) __________________________________________________________________
O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben.--(Goed. 71.) [128]
[Passiontide.]
Cf. Koch IV, 161, 711, 787. First published in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 119, in 16 stanzas of 8 lines, reprinted in Wackernagel: no. 15; Bachmann: no. 8; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 113. Stanzas III-V were favorites with J. S. Bach and used by him in his St. Matthew and St. John Passion Music. [129]
English Versions:
1. Extended on a cursed tree.
A free translation in long metre by [137]J. Wesley, of stanzas I, III, IV, VI, VIII-XI, XVI, in Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1740 (P. Works, 1868-72, Vol. I, p. 232), and thence in the Wesleyan H. Bk., 1780, and since in [138]other hymn books of the Methodists. The translation of stanzas IX-XI, XVI, beginning "My Savior, how shall I proclaim" were included in the American Sabbath Hymn Book, 1858, and the Baptist Service of Song, Boston, 1871.
2. See, World, upon the bloody tree.
A translation by [139]P. H. Molther of stanzas I-X in the Moravian H. Bk., 1742, 1754. In the 1789 and 1886 eds. it is altered to "See, World, upon the shameful tree." The hymn appears in several English hymn books in different abridged forms.
3. O, World! behold upon the tree.
A good translation omitting stanza VII, by [140]Miss Winkworth, in the
[141]2d Series, 1858, of her Lyra Ger., and thence in Schaff's Christ in Song ed. 1869, p. 174, and slightly altered and beginning:
"Lord, be Thy Cross before our sight."
In [142]Kennedy, 1863.
4. Here, World, see thy Redeemer.
In the Suppl. to Ger. Psalmody, ed. 1765, p. 16.
5. O World! attention lend it.
[143]J. Gambold, as no. 442 in pt. I of the Moravian H. Bk., 1754. Altered to "O World, see thy Creator." (1886, no. 94.)
6. O World! see thy life languish.
[144]J. D. Burns, in the Family Treasury, 1859, pt. I, p. 54, also in his Memoir and Remains, 1869, p. 246.
7. See World! thy Life assailed.
[145]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 54.
8. Here, World, thy great Salvation see.
[146]Dr. J. Guthrie, 1869, p. 87.
9. O World! see here suspended.
In Reid's Praise Book, 1872, no. 1009.
10. Behold, O World, thy Life, thy Lord.
Dr. R. Maguire, 1883, p. 143.
Selected Stanzas:
[147]J. Gambold in Part I of the 1734 edition of the Moravian Hymn Book.
1. O World! attention lend it,
Thy Life's on Cross suspended
Thy Healer sinks in death:
The sov'reign Prince of Glory
(Tis no fictitious story)
With Shame and torment yields his Breath.
[148]P. H. Molther in Part I of the 1754 edition of the Moravian Hymn Book.
1. See, world, upon the bloody tree
Thy Life there sinks in Death,
Cover'd with Stripes and wounds for thee
Thy Savior yields his breath.
2. Behold his Body swims in blood;
Out of his tender Heart,
Deep sighs and Groans he sends to God
In his excessive smart.
Note in the above stanzas the inconsistencies in capitalization.
[149]Miss Winkworth, in her [150]Lyra Germanica, 1858.
1. Oh world! behold upon the tree
Thy Life is hanging now for thee,
Thy Savior yields His dying breath;
The mighty Prince of glory now
For thee doth unresisting bow
To cruel stripes, to scorn and death.
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[128] For adaptations of this hymn cf. p. 137.
[129] Cf. p. 21. __________________________________________________________________
Auf, Auf, mein Herz mit Freuden.--(Goed. 74.)
[Easter.]
It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 141, in 9 stanzas.
English Versions:
1. Up! up! my heart with gladness, See.
[151]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 71.
2. Up, Up, my heart, with gladness, Receive.
[152]H. L. Frothingham, in his Metrical Pieces, 1870, p. 228. __________________________________________________________________
O du allersüszste Freude!--(Goed. 76.)
[Whitsuntide.]
First published in the 3d ed., 1648, of Crü. Praxis, no. 155 in 10 stanzas of 8 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 30; Bachmann: no. 10. Cf. Koch IV, 232.
This is a fine hymn of supplication to the Holy Spirit for His gifts and graces. It is widely popular in Germany, and is included in the Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 366. Through the version of [153]J. C. Jacobi it has also been very largely used in various forms, in Great Britain and America.
English Versions:
1. O Thou sweetest source of gladness.
A full and good translation by [154]J. C. Jacobi, in his Psal. Ger., 1725, pt. II, p. 6. Jacobi's stanzas I-IV, IX, X, were considerably altered, as "[155]Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness," by A. M. Toplady, in the Gospel Magazine, June, 1776. In Sedgwick's ed. of Toplady's Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1860, p. 169, these stanzas appear:
1. Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness;
2. From that height which knows no measure.
3. Come, Thou best of all donations.
4. Known to Thee are all recesses.
5. Manifest Thy love for ever.
6. Be our Friend on each occasion.
The alteration in Sedgwick is, therefore, as follows:
Gerhardt: I II III IV V VI VII (VIII IX) X
Toplady: 1 3 2 4 5 6
The hymn appears in many centos, though it usually begins with the first stanza of the text above, "Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness." There are many centos in the original metre, but other metre has been employed also, as:
(1) 8.7.8.7.4.7 metre. Cf. a greatly altered version of stanzas I, III, in Bickersteth's Christian Psalmody, 1883.
(2) 8.7.8.7. metre. 10 centos. Cf. Cong. H. Book, 1836, 2 stanzas, and Pennsylvania Lutheran Ch. Book, 1868, in 3 stanzas of 8 lines.
Other centos are:
(1) Holy Spirit, Source of gladness, in the American Unitarian Bk. of Hymns 1848, and other collections.
(2) Come, Thou Source of sweetest gladness, in Stopford Brooke's Christian Hymns, 1881. Both these centos are altered forms of the
[156]Jacobi-Toplady text.
2. Sweetest joy the soul can know.
A good translation, omitting stanzas VIII and IX, by [157]Miss Winkworth, in her [158]Lyra Ger., 2d Series, 1858, p. 55, and again, altered in metre, as "Sweetest Fount of holy gladness," in her [159]C.
B. for England, 1863, no. 73. In this, stanzas II and IV, as in Lyra Ger., are omitted. From this text is derived no. 408 of the American Hymns of the Spirit, 1864. Cf. also no. 105 in [160]Stryker's Christian Chorals, N. Y., 1885, which is taken from the Chorale Book text.
Selected Stanzas:
[161]J. C. Jacobi, 1722, altered by A. M. Toplady, 1776, in the Schaff-Gilman Library of Religious Poetry, 1881.
1. Holy Ghost, dispel my sadness,
Pierce the clouds of sinful night;
Come, thou source of sweetest gladness,
Breathe thy life and spread thy light!
Loving Spirit, God of peace!
Great distributer of grace!
Rest upon this congregation,
Hear, oh, hear our supplication!
[162]Miss Winkworth, in her [163]Chorale Book for England, 1863.
1. Sweetest Fount of holy gladness,
Fairest light was ever shed
Who alike in joy and sadness
Leavest none unvisited;
Spirit of the Highest God,
Lord, from whom is life bestow'd,
Who upholdest ev'rything,
Hear me, hear me, while I sing.
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Nun danket all und bringet Ehr.--(Goed. 78.)
Appeared in Ebeling, 1648, no. 181.
It is based on the Apocryphal book Sirach I. 24, and inspired also of course by the famous hymn of [164]Martin Rinckart [130] "[165]Nun danket alle Gott," which may be called the German Te Deum. As a great part of Rinckart's life, was, like Gerhardt's, spent amid the horrors of the Thirty Years' War it is natural that Gerhardt should have been influenced by this voluminous writer. Rinckart's hymn was translated by
[166]Miss Winkworth in her [167]Chorale Book, but for some reason she has passed over Gerhardt's verses. As Rinckart was a good musician and his melody [131] was well calculated to please the popular ear it is not strange that his hymn has maintained itself ahead of Gerhardt's.
The only English version published is that of [168]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 238. [132]
Stanza 1. In grateful songs your voices raise,
All people here below,
To Him whom angels ever praise
In heav'n His glory show.
The translation has much more flowery language than the original and is far less direct, cf. "In grateful songs" as compared with "Nun danket all," and in the second stanza a virtual repetition of this "with gladsome songs now fill the air" for the very forceful reflexive construction "Ermuntert euch." Throughout the poem the English version brings out more emphatically than the German the idea of life in eternity. Cf. stanza 6:
And may his blessing ever rest.
and the last two lines of stanza 8:
Our portion when from earth we part,
To all eternity.
In the closing stanza the translation by losing the fervor of Gerhardt's verses is almost anticlimactic. The German is a fervent prayer that God may close our eyes and appear to us in eternity, while the English, in too evident an effort to effect a rhyme with rest, would seem to assign to the Deity a place almost secondary in importance to "our eyes." Cf. stanza 9. [133]
When sinks the heart, when strength decays,
By Him our eyes be press'd
Then may we see His open face,
In everlasting rest.
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[130] Cf. p. 11.
[131] The melody as it appeared in Crüger's Praxis, etc., is marked with Crüger's initials, but it was quite likely adapted from a motet by Rinckart.
[132] [But now cf. The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, p. 581, "All ye who on this earth do dwell."]
[133] Er drücke, wann das Herze bricht Uns unsre Augen zu Und zeig uns drauf sein Angesicht Dort in der ewign Ruh. __________________________________________________________________
Zweierlei bitt ich von dir.--(Goed. 80.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 240. Based on Proverbs, XXX, 7-9.
English Versions:
1. Twofold, Father, is my pray'r,
Twofold the desire I there
Lay before Thee, who dost give
What's good for us to receive;
Grant the pray'r that Thou dost know,
Ere my soul to Thee must go
From the body's bands below.
[169]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 107.
The rhyme of the German has offered great difficulties in the last three lines of each stanza. The translator's success in meeting this obstacle has been indifferent. Cf.:
stanza 2 stanza 3 stanza 4 stanza 5 stanza 6 poverty mood swell artifice graciously may good well practices me lay bestowed extol is be __________________________________________________________________
O Gott, mein Schöpfer, edler Fürst.--(Goed. 81.)
Based on the Apocryphal book Sirach, XXIII 1-6. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 248.
English Versions:
1. Creator, Father, Prince of might!
Who life to me art giving,
Unless Thou guid'st my life aright
In vain here am I living.
For while I'm living I am dead,
To sin devoted ever;
Whose life in mire of sin is led,
The true life he hath never
Beheld one moment even.
[170]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 109.
2. God, my Creator, and my Lord,
Thou Father of my spirit,
To me thy constant grace afford,
Or life--I well may fear it:--
Nay, e'en while living were I dead,
And in my sins must perish;
Whose with Christ, the living bread,
Shall fail his soul to nourish,
Must sink to death eternal.
[171]Dr. H. Mills in his Horae Germanicae, 1856.
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Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn.--(Goed. 83.)
[Resignation]
It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 249, in 12 stanzas.
English Versions:
1. I into God's own heart and mind.
[172]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 219.
2. To God's all-gracious heart and mind.
[173]Miss Winkworth, [174]1869, p. 213. __________________________________________________________________
Nicht so traurig, nicht so sehr.--(Goed. 89.)
[Christian Contentment.]
Founded on Psalm CXVI, 7; Psalm XLII, 6-12; 1 Tim. VI, 6. Appeared in the 3d ed., 1648, of Crü. Praxis, no. 251, in 15 stanzas of 6 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 53; Bachmann: no. 16; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 851.
English Versions:
1. Ah! grieve not so, nor so lament.
A free rendering by [175]Mrs. Findlater and [176]Miss Borthwick of stanzas I, II, VII-X, XIII, XV, in the first Series, 1854, of the H. L. L., p. 48 (1884, p. 50).
2. Why this sad and mournful guise.
[177]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 85.
3. Not so darkly, not so deep.
[178]Miss Warner, 1858 (1861, p. 58).
4. O my soul, why dost thou grieve.
[179]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 155.
Selected Stanzas:
[180]Mrs. Findlater (and [181]Miss Borthwick) in their Hymns from the Land of Luther, 1884.
1. Ah! grieve not so, nor so lament,
My soul! nor troubled sigh,
Because some joys to others sent
Thy Father may deny;
Take all as love that seems severe--
There is no want if God is near.
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Nach dir, O Herr, verlanget mich.--(Goed. 91.)
Based on Psalm XXV. Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 276.
English Version:
1. For thee, Lord, pants my longing heart,
My hope and confidence Thou art;
My hope can never shaken be,
Nor e'er be put to shame by Thee.
A full translation by [182]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 88. This is one of the best pieces of interpretation as regards harmony and rhythm and the spirit of the original, that he has given us. Kelly is at his best in rendering the "long metre" hymns (cf. Goed. [183]260, [184]287, etc.). Stanza 9 is especially noteworthy:
Nun, Herr, ich bin dir wolbekannt,
Mein Geist, der schwebt in deiner Hand;
Du siehst, wie meine Seele thränt
Und sich nach deiner Hülfe selint. Ah! Lord full well Thou knowest
me,
My spirit lives and moves in Thee;
Thou seest how my bleeding heart
Longs for the help Thou canst impart.
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Ich erhebe, Herr, zu dir.--(Goed. 93.)
Based on Psalm CXXI. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 279.
English Version:
1. Lord! to Thee alone I raise
Evermore mine eager eyes,
Upturn'd is my constant gaze
To the hills that pierce the skies:
To the hills whence flow to me
Help and saving health from Thee!
Stanza 1 of the complete translation by [185]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 135. __________________________________________________________________
Gott Lob! nun ist erschollen.--(Goed. 95.)
[Thanksgiving for the Proclamation of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 after the Thirty Years' War.]
It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1653, no. 401, 1656, no. 409, in 6 stanzas of 12 lines; Wackernagel: no. 64; Bachmann: no. 84; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 589.
English Versions:
1. Thank God it hath resounded,
The blessed voice of joy and Peace!
And murder's reign is bounded,
And spear and sword at last may cease.
Bright hope is breaking o'er us
Arise, my land once more,
And sing in full-toned chorus
Thy happy songs of yore; . . .
[186]Miss Winkworth in her [187]Lyra Ger., 1858, p. 156, and her
[188]Chorale Book, 1863. Stanzas I, V, VI, form no. 49, in [189]M. W. Stryker's Christian Chorals, 1885.
2. Praise God! for forth hath sounded.
[190]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 251. __________________________________________________________________
Du bist zwar mein und bleibest mein.--(Goed. 100.)
[For the Bereaved.]
This is a beautiful hymn for consolation of parents on the loss of a son The occasion of the poem was the death of Constantin Andreas, younger son of Johannes Berkov, pastor of St. Mary's Church, Berlin. It was first printed as one of the Dulcia amicorum solatia at the end of the funeral sermon by Georg Lilius, Berlin, 1650. Included in Ebeling, 1667, 6, no. 72, in 12 stanzas.
English Versions:
1. Thou'rt mine, yes, still thou art mine own.
[191]Miss Winkworth, in her [192]Lyra Ger., 1858, p. 123.
2. Yes, thou art mine, still mine, my son.
[193]J. D. Burns, in the Family Treasury, p. 8, and his Remains, 1869, p. 249.
3. Mine art thou still, and mine shalt be.
[194]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 333.
4. Thou art mine own, art still mine own.
[195]Dr. J. Guthrie, 1869, p. 100.
Selected Stanza:
1. Thou'rt mine, yes, still thou art mine own!
Who tells me thou art lost?
But yet thou art not mine alone,
I own that He who cross'd
My hopes, hath greatest right in thee;
Yea, though He ask and take from me
Thee, O my son, my heart's delight,
My wish, my thought, by day and night.
[196]Miss Winkworth, 1858.
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Lobet den Herren, alle die Ihn fürchten!--(Goed. 106.)
[Morning.]
Included in the Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 7, in 10 stanzas of 5 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 100; Bachmann: no. 21; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 1063.
English Versions:
1. Praise God! revere Him! all ye men that fear Him!
This is from the version in Bunsen's AlIg. G. B., 1846, no. 167; stanza 1 being from Gerhardt and stanzas 2, 3, from "Lobet den Herren, denn er ist sehr freundlich" (which Wackernagel quotes from a Nürnberg broadsheet about 1560). It appeared in the Dalston Hospital H. Bk., 1848, no. 55, signed "A. G."
2. Our Lord be praising, All His glory raising.
[197]H. J. Buckoll, 1842, p. 27.
3. Praise ye Jehovah, all ye men who fear Him.
[198]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 279. __________________________________________________________________
Warum willst du drauszen stehen.--(Goed. 108.)
[Advent.]
Suggested by Gen. XXIV, 31. It appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 78, in 9 stanzas of 8 lines; viz. stanzas I-VII, XI, XII, of the full form; stanzas VIII-X being added in Ebeling, 1667, 5, no. 50. The full text, in 12 stanzas, appeared also in Wackermagel: no. 2; Bachmann: no. 23; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 20.
English Versions:
1. Wherefore dost Thou longer tarry.
[199]Miss Winkworth, omitting stanzas VIII-X, in her [200]Lyra Ger., 2d Series, 1858, p. 6. In her [201]C. B. for England, 1863, no. 153, the translation of stanzas III, V, XI, are omitted.
2. Wherefore dost Thou, blest of God.
[202]R. Massie, in Lyra Domestica, 1864, p. 90.
3. Why, without, then, art Thou staying.
[203]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 5.
Selected Stanza:
1. Wherefore dost Thou longer tarry
Blessed of the Lord afar?
Would it were Thy will to enter
To my heart, O Thou my Star,
Thou my Jesus, Fount of pow'r,
Helper in the needful hour!
Sharpest wounds my heart is feeling,
Touch them, Savior, with Thy healing!
[204]Miss Winkworth, 1858.
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Zeuch ein zu deinen Thoren.--(Goed. 111.) [134]
[Whitsuntide.]
Cf. Koch IV, 231. Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 157, in 12 stanzas, viz: stanzas I-VIII, XII, XIII, XIV, XVI, of the full poem. Stanza XV was added in Ebeling, 1666-67, no. LXXX, and stanzas IX-XI in
J. H. Feustking's ed., 1707. The full form in 16 stanzas is in Wackernagel: no. 32; and Bachmann: no. 25; and the Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 184. The hymn was undoubtedly written during the Thirty Years' War.
English Versions:
1. Retake thy own Possession.
This is a free translation omitting stanzas X-XII, in pt. II, 1725, of
[205]J. C. Jacobi's Psalmodia Germanica, p. 9. In his ed. of 1732, it is greatly altered, and begins "In me resume thy dwelling." From this form the translations of stanzas I, VI, XVI, were included unaltered in the Scottish Evang. Union H. Bk., 1856.
2. Come to Thy temple here on earth.
A good translation omitting stanza IV, by [206]Miss Winkworth in her
[207]Lyra Ger., 1st Series, 1855, p. 113. From this the translations of stanzas I, II, VIII, XII, were repeated in the Pennsylvania Luth. H. Bk., 1865.
3. O enter, Lord, Thy temple.
A good translation by [208]Miss Winkworth in her [209]Chorale Book, of stanza I, II, V-VIII, XIV, XVI, based on her [210]Lyra Ger. version. Included in full and unaltered as no. 482, 483 in Dr. Thomas' Augustine
H. Bk., 1866. No. 483 begins "All love is thine, O Spirit" (stanza VII). In the Pennsylvania Luth. Ch. Bk., 1868, no. 250, is stanzas I-III, VI, VIII, and in the Ohio Luth. Hyl., 1880, no. 106, is stanzas I, II, V, XIV, XVI.
4. Retake thy own possession, Thou glorious Guest of Hearts.
In Select H. from Ger. Psal., Tranquebar, 1754, p. 43, and the Suppl. to Ger. Psalt., ed. 1765, p. 26.
5. Come, O Thou Holy Dove.
[211]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 104.
6. Come, enter Thine own portal.
[212]Miss Cox, 1864, p. 117.
Stanzas 1 of [213]Miss Winkworth's versions are given below:
Come to Thy temple here on earth,
Be Thou my spirit's guest,
Who givest us of mortal birth
A second birth more blest;
Spirit beloved, Thou mighty Lord,
Who with the Father and the Son
Reignest upon an equal throne,
Art equally adored! O enter, Lord, Thy temple,
Be Thou my spirit's guest!
Who at my birth didst give me
A second birth more blest.
Thou in the Godhead, Lord,
Though here to dwell Thou deignest,
Forever equal reignest,
Art equally adored.
[214]Lyra Ger., 1855. [215]Chorale Book, 1863.
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[134] For adaptations of this hymn cf. p. 136. __________________________________________________________________
Du Meine Seele, singe.--(Goed. 115.)
[Psalm CXLVI.]
Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 183, in 10 stanzas.
English Version:
1. O Come, my soul with singing.
Miss Burlingham, in the British Herald, Jan., 1866, p. 207, and as no. 423 in Reid's Praise Bk., 1872. __________________________________________________________________
Ich singe dir mit Herz und Mund.--(Goed. 118.)
[Thanksgiving.]
Cf. Koch IV, p. 95. First published in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 186, in 18 stanzas of 4 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 85; Bachmann: no. 27; Crü. Praxis: 1656; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863.
English Versions:
1. O Lord! I sing with mouth and heart.
Translated in full by [216]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 225. A cento in 6 stanzas is found in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880, no. 364. [135]
2. He never yet has made mistakes.
Stanzas XVII, XVIII, as no. 475, in part I of the Moravian H. Bk., 1754.
3. I sing to Thee with Heart and Tongue.
Appeared in the Suppl. to Ger. Psalmody, ed. 1765, p. 65. Included in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789, no. 802 (1886, no. 647), altered, and beginning: "[217]I'll praise Thee with my heart and tongue."
4. I'll sing to Thee with mouth and heart.
[218]Miss Cox, 1864, [219]p. 154.
5. I'll sing to Thee with heart and mouth.
[220]Miss Manington, 1863, p. 108.
6. My heart's warm gush breaks forth in mirth.
[221]E. Massie, 1867. __________________________________________________________________
[135] [alt., The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, p. 569.] __________________________________________________________________
Der Herr, der aller Enden.--(Goed. 120.)
Founded on Psalm XXIII. Appeared in the Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 224.
English Versions:
Stanza 1. The Lord, the earth who ruleth,
And with His hand controlleth,
Whose goodness never endeth,
He watcheth me and tendeth. . . .
A good and full translation by [222]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 266, with a rather unusual combining of literality and metre, especially in stanza 9:
Du salbst mein Haupt mit Oele
Und füllest meine Seele,
Die leer und dürstig sasze,
Mit vollgeschenktem Masze. My head with oil anointest
My empty soul appointest
Of every good and pleasure
A full o'erflowing measure.
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Warum sollt ich mich denn grämen.--(Goed. 122.)
(Cf. [223]p. 108 ff.) __________________________________________________________________
Wol dern Menschen, der nicht wandelt.--(Goed. 124.)
Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 241.
It would be inconceivable that Gerhardt should omit the first Psalm from his themes, and his hymn adapts so well the biblical text that we should expect more than the one English version of [224]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 130. [136] In his rendering the translator has done well to infuse much of the poetic language of the English Bible.
Stanza 1. Bless'd is he who never taketh
Counsel of ungodly men!
Bless'd, the right who ne'er forsaketh,
Nor in sinners' paths is seen,
Who the scorners' friendship spurns,
From their seats away who turns,
Who delight in God's word taketh,
This his meditation maketh.
Stanza 2.
(Lines 1 & 2.) Bless'd is he who pleasure taketh
In God's laws' most perfect way.
Stanza 3.
(Lines 1 & 2.) He will truly ever flourish
Who God's word delights to do.
Stanza 4.
(Lines 1 & 2) But he who in sin's ways goeth
Is like chaff the wind before.
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[136] [But now cf. Lutheran Hymnary, #455: "Blessed is the man that never."] __________________________________________________________________
Wol dem, der den Herren scheuet.--(Goed. 130.)
Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 243.
The CXIIth Psalm of David celebrating the prosperity of the godly is the basis for Gerhardt's beautiful hymn which has found great popularity in German hymn-books. The translation by [225]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 132, is the only English version published. While Gerhardt follows quite closely the poetic language of the Bible, the translator departs often from what might be expected as the normal English equivalent of Gerhardt's diction. In the following stanzas the translation brings out excellently Gerhardt's simile and metaphor.
Stanza 1. Bless'd is he the Lord who loveth,
At His word doth tremble aye!
Bless'd whose heart him freely moveth
God's commandments to obey.
Who the Highest loves and fears,
Findeth increase with the years.
Of all that to him is given
By the bounteous band of Heaven.
Stanza 5. When the black clouds o'er them lighten,
And the pealing thunders shock
They shall sit and nought shall frighten,
Like the dove hid in the rock; [137]
They'll remain eternally,
And their memory shall be
Upon every side extending,
As their branches trees are sending. [138]
Cf. also lines 1 and 2 of stanza 2:
His dear children shall stand ever [139]
Like to roses in their blow; . . .
__________________________________________________________________
[137] Cf. line 36: "Wie ein Vöglein in der Kluft."
[138] Line 40: "Wie die edlen Zweig ausbreiten."
[139] Seine Kinder werden stehen Wie die Rosen in der Blät. __________________________________________________________________
Schwing dich auf zu deinern Gott.--(Goed. 135.)
Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no.*288, under the title "Trost in schwerer Anfechtung."
The only English version of this fervent hymn of consolation in despondency and temptation is that of [226]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 195. Nearly every line has the force and directness of the original especially in the verses addressed to the Soul, charging it to defy the wiles of Satan and to seek strength and consolation in Nature's bounties. Gerhardt's poem is one of close introspection and self analysis, and the translator interprets with feeling its spirit of "Trost."
IN DESPONDENCY AND TEMPTATION.
Stanza 1. Look up to thy God again,
Soul, sunk in affliction!
Shall He be reproach'd by men
Through thy sore dejection?
Satan's wiles dost thou not see?
By severe temptation,
Gladly would he keep from thee
Jesu's consolation.
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Was Gott gefällt, mein frommes Kind.--(Goed. 139.)
[Resignation to "what pleases God."]
First appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 290, in 20 stanzas of 5 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 60; Bachmann: no. 37; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 723.
English Versions:
1. What God decrees, child of his love.
A good rendering of stanzas I, II, V, VI, VIII, XII, XV, XVIII, XX, by
[227]Mrs. Findlater in the 3d Series, 1858, of the H. L. L., p. 49 (1884, p. 170). Included in full in Bishop Ryle's Collection, 1860, no. 171, and abridged in Christian Hymns, Adelaide, 1872, and beginning "What God decrees, take patiently," in [228]Kennedy, 1863, no. 1344.
2. What pleaseth God with joy receive.
[229]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 94.
3. What pleases God, O pious soul.
[230]Miss Winkworth, 1858, [231]p. 193.
4. What pleaseth God, my faithful child.
[232]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 189.
Selected Stanzas:
[233]Miss Winkworth, in her [234]Lyra Germanica, 1858. [235]Mrs.
Findlater in her Hymns from the Land of Luther, 1884.
1. What pleases God, O pious soul,
Accept with joy; though thunders roll
And tempests lower on every side,
Thou knowest nought can thee betide
But pleases God. 1. What God decrees, child of his love,
Take patiently, though it may prove
The storm that wrecks thy treasure here;--
Be comforted! thou needst not fear
What pleases God.
2. The best will is our Father's will,
And we may rest there calm and still,
Oh make it hour by hour thine own,
And wish for nought but that alone,
Which pleases God. 2. The wisest will is God's own will:
Rest on this anchor, and be still;
For peace around thy path shall flow,
When only wishing here below
What pleases God.
3. His thought is aye the wisest thought;
How oft man's wisdom comes to nought;
Mistake or weakness in it lurks,
It brings forth ill, and seldom works
What pleases God.
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Die Zeit ist nunmehr nah.--(Goed. 142.)
[Day of Judgment--Second Advent.]
Based on Acts III, 20. It first appeared in the Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 367, in 18 stanzas of 6 lines; thence in Wackernagel: 1843, no. 119 (1874, no. 124); Bachmann: no. 40; Berlin G. L. S.: ed. 1863, no. 1517.
English Versions:
1. O Christ! how good and fair.
A translation of stanzas III, IV, VI, VII, X-XIII, XVII, by [236]Mrs. Charles in her Voice of Christian Life in Song, 1858, p. 242.
2. May I when time is o'er.
A translation of stanzas VII, VIII, in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789, (in later eds.) "I shall when time is o'er."
3. The time is very near.
[237]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 341.
Wir singen dir, Emanuel.--(Goed. 150.)
[238](Cf. p. 110 ff.) __________________________________________________________________
O Jesu. Christ! dein Kripplein ist.--(Goed. 153.)
[Christmas.]
At the Manger in Bethlehem. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1653, 1656, no. 101, in 15 stanzas.
English Versions:
1. Be not dismay'd--in time of need.
(Stanza XI) in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789, no. 236.
2. O blessed Jesus! This.
[239]Miss Winkworth, in her [240]Lyra Ger., 1858, p. 18.
3. Jesus Christ! Thy cradle is.
[241]Miss Manington, 1864, p. 41.
4. Thy manger is my paradise.
[242]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 26.
Selected Stanza:
[243]Miss Winkworth in her [244]Lyra Germanica, 1858, p. 18.
GOD WITH US.
Stanza 1. O Blessed Jesus! This
Thy lowly manger is
The Paradise where oft my soul would feed:
Here is the place, my Lord,
Where lies the Eternal Word
Clothed with our flesh, made like to us indeed.
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Frölich soll mein Herze springen.--(Goed. 155.)
[Christmas.]
(Cf. Koch IV, p. 130.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1653 and 1656, no. 104, in 15 stanzas of 8 lines; reprinted in Wackernagel: no. 5; and Bachmann: no. 44; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 35.
Lauxmann, in Koch, VIII, 26, thus analyses it:
"First a trumpet blast: Christ is born, God's Champion has appeared as a Bridegroom from his chamber (I, II). In the following 4 stanzas the poet seeks to set forth the mighty value of the Incarnation: is it not love when God gives us the Son of His Love (III), the Kingdom of Joy (IV) and His Fellowship (V)? Yes, it is indeed the Lamb of God who bears the sin of the world (VI). Now he places himself as herald by the cradle of the Divine Child (VII). He bids, as in Matt. XI, 28, all men (VIII), all they that labor (IX), all the heavy laden (X), and all the poor (XI), to draw near. Then in conclusion he approaches in supplication like the shepherds and the Wise Men (XII-XV). He adores the child as the source of life (XII), his Lamb of God (XIII), his Glory (XIV), and promises to be ever true to Him (XV). It is a glorious series of Christmas thoughts, laid as a garland on the manger at Bethlehem."
Crüger gave the hymn an original melody in 1656 (as in L. Erk's Choralbuch, 1863, no. 86), but the melody generally used (in Church Hymns called "[245]Bonn") is that by J. G. Ebeling in the Geistliche Andachten, 1666, to "Warum sollt ich mich derm grämen." [140] The hymn is very beautiful, but somewhat long, hence generally abridged.
English Versions:
1. Let the voice of glad thanksgiving.
A good translation of stanzas I-III, VI-IX, by [246]A. T. Russell, as no. 15, in the Dalston Hospital Hymn Bk., 1848, and repeated, in part, as no. 56, in his own Psalms and Hymns, 1851.
2. All my heart this night rejoices.
A beautiful, but rather free translation omitting stanzas III-V, XIII, XIV, by [247]Miss Winkworth in the 2d series of her [248]Lyra Ger., 1858, p. 13. In America it appeared in the Dutch Reformed Hymns of the Church, 1869, the Hymns and Songs of Praise, N. Y., 1874, etc. Parts have appeared also in the New Zealand Hymnal, 1872, the Evangelistic Hymnal, N. Y., 1890, and Laudes Domini, N. Y., 1884, etc. It is very generally included in cento form in nearly all current American hymnals.
3. All my heart with joy is springing.
A free translation by [249]Dr. Kennedy in his Hymnologia Christiana, 1863, no. 100, omitting stanzas III-V, IX, XIII, XIV.
4. Lightly bound my bosom, ringing.
A translation in full, by Dr. M. Loy, in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880.
5. Now in His manger He so humbly lies.
A translation of stanza V in the Moravian H. Bk., 1754, no. 435.
6. Up, my heart! rejoice with singing.
As a broadsheet for Christmas, 1770.
7. Rise, my soul, shake off all sadness.
[250]P. H. Molther, in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789 and 1886.
8. Now with joy my heart is bounding.
[251]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 18.
9. Up, with gladness heavenward springing.
[252]E. Massie, 1867, p. 24.
10. Joyful be my spirit singing.
[253]N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 260.
11. Joyful shall my heart, upspringing.
[254]M. W. Stryker, 1883, p. 30.
Selected Stanzas:
[255]A. T. Russell, in his Psalms and Hymns, 1851.
1. Let the voice of glad thanksgiving
Upward rise, to the skies--
Praises from all living.
Hark! the angel-choirs from heaven
Hither fly! hark! they cry,
Christ to earth is given!
[256]Miss Winkworth, 1858, in her [257]Lyra Germanica.
1. All my heart this night rejoices,
As I hear, far and near,
Sweetest angel voices:
"Christ is born," their choirs are singing,
Till the air everywhere
Now with joy is ringing.
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[140] Cf. p. 108. __________________________________________________________________
Ich steh an deiner Krippen hier.--(Goed. 158.)
[Christmas.] [141]
Included in Crü. Praxis: 1653, no. 105, 1656, no. 105, in 15 stanzas of 7 lines; Wackernagel: no. 9; Bachmann: no. 45; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 167.
This is a beautiful hymn in which the poet puts himself in the place of the shepherds and the wise men visiting Bethlehem; and in praise and adoration tenders his devotion, his love and his all to the Infant Savior in the manger.
English Versions:
1. Stanzas I, IV, VII, XV, have been translated by [258]Rev. A. T. Russell in his Ps. and Hys., 1851, no. 57. His translation of stanza I is as follows:
My faith Thy lowly bed beholds,
My Life and my Salvation;
Thee in my heart my faith enfolds,
And brings Thee her oblation.
My heart and soul, will, spirit, mind,
Oh, take them all, to Thee resign'd:
Make all to Thee well-pleasing.
2. I stand beside Thy manger-bed.
[259]Miss Manington, 1864, p. 38.
3. Now at the manger here I stand.
[260]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 32. __________________________________________________________________
[141] This is Gerhardt's third Christmas hymn (cf. also Goed. 150, 153, 155, 310, 312). It is very probable that in composing it the poet had in mind the words of St. Jerome of Strido, abbot of a monastic brotherhood in Bethlehem 386-420: "As often as I gaze on this place (the manger at Bethlehem), so often does my heart converse with the Infant Jesus which lay there in the manger . . . I say . . . "I must give Thee something, Dear Child! I will give Thee all my wealth," and the child answered--"Give it to the poor, I will accept it as if it were given me."--cf. Koch IV, p. 137. __________________________________________________________________
Hör an! mein Herz, die sieben Wort.--(Goed. 161.)
[Passiontide. (The seven words from the Cross.)]
Founded on the hymn of J. Böschenstein: "Da Jesus an dem Kreuze stund" (which was called a translation from the Latin of Peter Bolandus, "Stabat ad lignum crucis"). It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1653, no. 137, 1656, no. 137, in 15 stanzas.
English Versions:
1. Come now, my soul, thy thoughts engage.
[261]Dr. H. Mills, 1845, 1856, p. 309.
2. Seven times the Savior spake--my heart.
[262]R. Massie, in the British Herald, Sept., 1865, p. 133.
3. My heart! the seven words hear now.
[263]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 63.
Selected Stanza:
[264]Dr. H. Mills in his Horae Germanicae, 1856.
1. Come now, my soul, thy thoughts engage
On what by Christ was spoken,
When on the cross man's deadly rage
With griefs his heart had broken.
His words may prove A gift of love,
The best his love could offer;
Keep them in store, And learn their pow'r,
When call'd thyself to suffer.
__________________________________________________________________
Sei frölich alles weit und breit.--(Goed. 171.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 171. [142]
English Version:
1. Be joyful all, both far and near,
Who lost were and dejected:
To-day the Lord of glory here,
Whom God Himself elected
As our Redeemer, who His blood
Upon the cross shed for our good,
Hath from the grave arisen.
[265]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 75.
This is stanza 1 of a complete translation of the seven stanzas of Gerhardt's Easter hymn, keeping well the spirit and fervor of the original, at the same time observing the literality in an unusually difficult metre. Cf. stanza 7:
Nu Gott sei Dank, der uns den Sieg
Durch Jesum hat gegeben
Und uns den Frieden für den Krieg
Und für den Tod das Leben
Erworben, der die Sünd und Tod,
Welt, Teufel, Höll und was in Not
Uns stürzet, überwunden. Now praised be God, who vict'ry hath
To us through Jesus given,
Who peace for war, and life for death,
With entrance into Heaven,
Hath purchas'd, who death, sin, and woe,
World, devil, what our overthrow
Would seek, for aye hath vanquish'd.
__________________________________________________________________
[142] Goedeke states in his note to this hymn (p. 171): "In Crüger's Praxis ist Christ(ian) Bartholdi unterzeichnet, aber von Ebeling als Gerhardt's aufgenommen, und auch wol von ihm selbst mitgetheilt. . . ." __________________________________________________________________
Gott Vater, sende deinen Geist.--(Goed. 173.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 198.
English Versions:
Stanza 1. O Father! send Thy spirit down,
Whom we are bidden by Thy Son
To seek, from Thy high heaven; . . .
A complete translation by [266]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 78, a version of very varying excellence. For example, stanza 15 seems hopelessly weak when compared with the vigorous and simple German:
O selig, wer in dieser Welt
Läszt diesem Gaste Haus und Zelt
In seiner Seel aufschlagen!
Wer Ihn aufnimmt in dieser Zeit
Den wird er dort zur ewgen Freud
In Gottes Hütte tragen. Oh! happy are the souls and bless'd
Who while on earth permit this Guest
To make in them His dwelling;
Who now receive him joyfully,
He'll take up to God's house on high,
Their souls with rapture filling.
On the other hand in stanza 5 the translator has coped very successfully with the many difficulties of rhyme and metre:
Und das ist auch ein Gnadenwerk
Und deines heilgen Geistes Stärk;
In uns ist kein Vermögen.
Wie bald würd unser Glaub und Treu,
Herr, wo du uns nicht stündest bei
Sich in die Aschen legen! This is a work of grace indeed,
The Holy Spirit's strength we need,
Our pow'r is unavailing;
Our faith and our sincerity
Would soon, O Lord! in ashes lie
Were not Thy help unfailing.
__________________________________________________________________
Was alle, Weisheit in der Welt.--(Goed. 176.)
[Trinity Sunday.]
Appeared in Crü. Praxis: 1653, no. 206, 1656, no. 212, in 8 stanzas of 9 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 1; Bachmann: no. 59; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 50.
English Versions:
1. Scarce Tongue can speak, ne'er human ken.
A translation in full, by [267]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 1.
2. The mystery hidden from the eyes.
[268]R. Massie, in his Lyra Domestica, 1864, p. 87. __________________________________________________________________
Wie lang, O Herr, wie lange soll.--(Goed. 178.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 365.
Translated by [269]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 235, in seven stanzas of seven lines each. The rhyme and metre have been altered after the first four lines in each stanza, with the result that the version is one of this translator's least successful contributions.
Stanza 1. How long, Lord, in forgetfullness
And darkness wilt Thou leave me?
How long will sorrow on me press
And deep heart-anguish grieve me?
Wilt Thou Thy face, Lord, utterly
Turn from me? wilt ne'er look on me
In grace and in compassion?
Befiehl du deine Wege.--(Goed. 185.)
[270](Cf. p. 114 ff.) __________________________________________________________________
O Jesu Christ, mein schönstes Licht.--(Goed. 200.)
[Love of Christ.]
Cf. Koch IV, 402, VIII, 294. Included in the 5th ed., Berlin, 1653, and the Frankfurt ed., 1656, of Crü. Praxis, in 16 stanzas of 9 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 45; Bachmann: no. 73; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no.
771. This is one of the finest hymns on the Love of Christ. It is founded on Prayer V of Class II in Johann Arndt's Paradiszgärtlein,
1612. [143]
English Versions:
(A.) Wesley.
1. Jesus, Thy boundless love to me.
A full and very fine translation by [271]J. Wesley in Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1739 (P. Works, 1868-72, vol. I, p. 138). [144] In the Wesleyan Hymn Book, 1780, it was reduced to 9 stanzas.
Centos of the Wesley version are:
(1.) O Love, how cheering is Thy ray. (Stanza III.)
Bk. of Hymns, Boston, U. S. A., 1848.
(2.) My Savior, Thou Thy love to me. (Stanza V.)
Moravian H. Bk., 1789.
(3.) More hard than marble is my heart. (Stanza VI.)
American Sabbath H. Bk., 1858.
(4.) O draw me, Savior, after Thee. (Stanza IX.)
Snepp's Songs of G. and G. Pennsylvania Luth. Ch. Bk., 1868.
(5.) O draw me, Father, after Thee. (Stanza IX altered.)
Bk. of Hymns, Boston, U. S. A., 1848. Amer. Unitarian H. Bk., 1869.
(6.) Still nigh me, O my Savior stand.
This stanza is taken from a hymn "Peace, doubting heart, my God's I am," by [272]C. Wesley. To this is added in Snepp's Songs of G. and G., stanzas XII, XIV, XVI, and in J. L. Porter's Collection, 1876, stanzas XII, XV, XVI, of this translation of [273]J. Wesley.
(7.) Thou Friend of Sinners! Who hast bought.
This is stanzas V, IV, XVI, rewritten by E. Osler and published in the Mitre H. Bk., 1836.
(B.) Other English versions:
1. O Christ, my sweetest Life and Light.
In the Suppl. to German Psal., ed. 1765, p. 29, and the Moravian H. Bk., 1754 (and with slight change in the ed. of 1789, and 1849), viz: In the 1746 ed. in part II there appear as a separate hymn stanzas V-VII, beginning "Thou cam'st in love to my relief." In the 1789, and 1849 ed., it begins "O Christ, my only Life and Light."
2. O Jesus Christ! my fairest Light.
[274]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 122.
3. O Christ, my Light, my gracious Savior.
In the Moravian H. Bk., 1886.
Selected Stanzas:
In the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754 (author's name not given).
1. O Christ my sweetest Life and Light!
Whose loving Condescension
Embraces me by day and night
Beyond my comprehension:
Lord! grant me to return thy Love
With due and true devotion,
That my notion
Of Mercy may improve
With ev'ry thought and motion.
[275]J. Wesley, 1739, in the 1754 ed., Part I, of the Moravian Hymn Book.
1. Jesu, thy boundless Love to me
No thought can reach, no tongue declare:
O knit my thankful heart to Thee
And reign without a rival there.
Thine wholly, thine alone I am:
Be thou alone my constant Flame.
[276]J. Wesley, 1739, in Snepp's Songs of Grace and Glory, 1872. It is stanza 2 of a hymn beginning "Still nigh me, O my Savior stand" in Snepp, and Gerhardt's stanza XII: "Was ists, o Schönster, dasz ich nicht / In deiner Liebe habe?" etc.
Stanza 1. What in Thy love possess I not?
My star by night, my sun by day;
My spring of life, when parched with drought,
My wine to cheer, my bread to stay,
My strength, my shield, my safe abode,
My robe before the throne of God!
__________________________________________________________________
[143] This hymn led Philipp Friedrich Hiller to think of turning all of these prayers in the Paradiszgärtlein into hymns. The result was his work entitled "Arndt's Paradiszgärtlein . . . in teutsche Lieder," Nürnberg (no date given). The book is in four parts and contains 301 hymns, 297 being founded on Arndt and 4 original.
[144] [Cf. Collection of Hymns, #373.] __________________________________________________________________
Ich danke dir demütiglich.--(Goed. 205.)
Appeared in the Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 318. From Johann Arndt's Paradiszgärtlein (Goslar, 1621, 4), 3, 17, p. 294, "Gebet um zeitliche und ewige Wolfahrt."
English Versions:
Stanza 1. O God, my Father! thanks to Thee
I bring with deep humility,
That Thou Thine anger endest,
And that Thy Son
Our joy and Crown
Into the world Thou sendest. . . .
A complete translation by [277]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 117. In stanza 14 the translator has, in honor to Queen Victoria, altered the original which reads:
Insonderheit nimin wol in Acht
Den Fürsten . . . etc.
to
Make Her Thy care especially,
Whom Thou as monarch hast raised high
This land and nation over; . . . etc.
__________________________________________________________________
Ach! treuer Gott, barmherzigs Herz.--(Goed. 209.)
[Cross and Consolation.]
Founded on a prayer "for patience under great trial," no. XXV in Class III of J. Arndt's [145] Paradiszgärtlein, 1612. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, Frankfurt, 1656, no. 391, in 16 stanzas of 7 lines, and was included in many subsequent hymn books, as recently as the Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 693; also in Wackernagel: no. 57; and in Bachmann: no. 80.
English Versions:
1. O God most true, most merciful!
A good adaptation in 4 stanzas by [278]Rev. A. T. Russell in his Psalms and Hymns, as follows: &
Gerhardt stanza I (II III) IV V (VI VII VIII IX) X XI [279]Russell stanza 1 2 3 4
This version appears in an altered form in [280]Kennedy, 1863, no. 665. "O God of mercy full and free."
2. O faithful God! O pitying heart.
A good translation in 11 stanzas by [281]Miss Winkworth in the [282]2d Series, 1858, of her Lyra Ger., and thence in the Gilman-Schaff Lib. of
R. P., 1883, p. 837. The correspondence of stanzas is as follows:
Gerhardt stanzas I II (III) IV V VI VII VIII (IX) X (XI) XII (XIII) XIV XV XVI
[283]Winkworth stanzas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
The translation of stanzas X, XII, XIV, XVI, beginning "O Thou, who diedst to give us life," appear as no. 327, in Church Praise, 1883.
3. Ah! faithful God, compassionate heart.
[284]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 164. __________________________________________________________________
[145] Cf. pp. 24 and 63. __________________________________________________________________
Barmherziger Vater, höchster Gott.--(Goed. 212.)
Based on Joh. Arndt's Creutzgebet. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 382.
English Version:
Stanza 1. Father of mercies! God most high,
Deign graciously to hear me,
Thou say'st, "Knock at my door and cry,
In time of need draw near to me.
As urgently
Thou long'st, to thee,
That with thy mouth,
In very truth,
Thou joyfully may'st praise me." etc.
[285]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 175.
__________________________________________________________________
Ich weisz, mein Gott, dasz all mein Thun.--(Goed. 217.)
[Supplication.]
A prayer for success in all Christian works and purpose; founded on Jeremiah X, 23, and Acts V, 38, 39. Cf. Koch IV, 98. Included in Crü. Praxis, 1653, no. 321, 1656, no. 332, in 18 stanzas of 5 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 40; Bachmann: no. 71; Berlin, G. L. S.: 1863.
In the Ebeling edition the hymn has the title: "Um Glück und Segen zu allem christlichen Thun und Vorhaben." It has on many occasions been given as a farewell injunction by parents to their children on leaving home.
English Versions:
1. I know, my God, and I rejoice.
(Stanzas I-III, VIII, XI, IX) by [286]Miss Winkworth in her [287]Chorale Book, 1863, no. 121.
2. My God! my works and all I do.
[288]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 102.
Selected Stanzas:
[289]Miss Winkworth in her [290]Chorale Book, 1863.
1. I know, my God, and I rejoice
That on Thy righteous will and choice
All human works and schemes must rest:
Success and blessing are of Thee,
What Thou shalt send is surely best.
2. It stands not in the power of man
To bring to pass the wisest plan
So surely that it cannot fail;
Thy counsel, Highest, must ensure
That our poor wisdom shall avail.
__________________________________________________________________
Du bist ein Mensch, das weiszt du wol.--(Goed. 220.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 330.
A hymn of self-abnegation, even self-denunciation, emphasizing the frailty and insignificance of mortals, and closing with an admonition of resignation to God's wise dispensations. Though Gerhardt frequently employs this form of rhyme [146] only rarely does he combine it with this metre. Both have been strictly observed by [291]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 148:
Stanza 1. Thou art but man, to thee 'tis known,
Why dost thou then endeavor
To do what God should do alone,
Or can accomplish ever?
A thousand griefs thou goest through,
In spite of all thy wit can do;
Upon thine end thou pond'rest
What it will be thou wond'rest.
__________________________________________________________________
[146] I.e. ab ab cc dd. Cf. nos. 62, 76, 100, 108, 124, 127, 130, 145, 149, 256, 263, 307, 321. __________________________________________________________________
Ich habs verdient. Was will ich doch.--(Goed. 224.)
Appeared in the Crü. Praxis, 1656, 817, no. 374.
English Version:
Stanza 1. I have deserv'd it, cease t'oppose
The Lord's will, shall I never?
Thou bitter cup, thou heavy cross,
Come hither to me ever!
From pain all free
May never be
He 'gainst the Lord who fighteth,
As I each day,
Who trod the way
Wherein the world delighteth. . . .
[292]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 165.
This is one of the least adaptable poems of Gerhardt and it is evident that the translator has struggled with the many difficulties of metre and frequent rhyme. __________________________________________________________________
Ich hab oft bei mir selbst gedacht.--(Goed. 226.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 331.
English Version:
Stanza 1. Full often as I meditate
Upon the world's disordered state,
I ask myself if earthly life
Be good, and worthy of the strife,
Has he not acted for the best
Who laid himself betimes to rest?
[293]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 143.
A free, but very acceptable rendering in which the easy colloquial style of the original has been well retained. Cf. lines 7 and 8:
"Denn, Lieber, denk und sage mir:
Was für ein Stand ist wol allhier." "Reflect, my friend, say, if you
know
What station is there here below . . ."
Ist Gott für mich, so trete.--(Goed. 229.)
[294](Cf. p. 126 ff.) __________________________________________________________________
Auf den Nebel folgt die Sonne.--(Goed. 232.)
[Thanksgiving after great sorrow and affliction.]
It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1653, no. 236, and 1656, no. 249, in 15 stanzas of 7 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 87; Bachmann: no. 64; Unv. L. S.: no. 402. Cf. Koch IV, 545.
English Versions:
1. Cometh sunshine after rain.
[295]Miss Winkworth in her [296]Lyra Ger., 1st Series, 1855, p. 100 (omitting stanzas IV-VII, X, XI). In her 1856 ed. the translation of stanzas X and XI is added. In the Christian H. Bk., Cincinnati, 1865, no. 799 begins with her stanza no. XIII "Now as long as here I roam."
2. After clouds we see the sun.
[297]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 261.
Selected Stanzas:
[298]Miss Winkworth in her [299]Lyra Ger., 1855.
1. Cometh sunshine after rain,
After mourning joy again.
After heavy bitter grief
Dawneth surely sweet relief;
And my soul, who from her height
Sank to realms of woe and night,
Wingeth now to heav'n her flight.
2. He, whom this world dares not face,
Hath refreshed me with his grace,
And his mighty hand unbound
Chains of hell, about me wound;
Quicker, stronger, leaps my blood,
Since his mercy, like a flood,
Poured o'er all my heart for good.
__________________________________________________________________
Soll ich meinem Gott nicht singen.--(Goed. 235.)
[Thanksgiving.] Cf. Koch, IV, 91 ff.
One of Gerhardt's finest hymns, setting forth God's love in His creation, redemption and sanctification of the world, His care in trouble. It closes with a prayer which [300]R. Massie renders:
Grant me grace, O God, I pray Thee,
That I may with all my might
Love and trust Thee and obey Thee,
All the day and all the night;
And when this brief life is o'er
Love and praise Thee evermore.
The hymn was included in the 5th ed., Berlin, 1653, and in the Frankfurt ed., 1656, of Crü. Praxis, no. 230; thence in Wackernagel: no. 81; Bachmann: no. 60; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 722.
English Versions:
1. Shall I not his praise be singing.
[301]Dr. Mills in his Horae Germanicae, 1845, p. 141, and 1856, p. 195.
This is a mediocre version, as it misses the characteristic points of the German. His stanzas II, IV-VII beginning "As the eagle fondly hovers," were included in the Amer. Luth. Gen. Synod's Collection, 1850-52, no. 35.
2. Shall I not sing praise to Thee.
A full and good translation by [302]Miss Winkworth in her [303]Lyra Ger., 1st Series, 1855; p. 200; also, omitting stanzas III-VI, VIII in her [304]C. B. for England, 1863, no. 10. Included in full in Cantate Domino, Boston, U. S. A., 1859.
3. I will sing my Maker's praises.
A good translation omitting stanzas VI, VIII, contributed by [305]R. Massie to the 1857 ed. of Mercer's C. P. & H. Bk., no. 185, reprinted in his own Lyra Domestica, 1864. [147]
4. Can I fail my God to praise.
A translation of stanzas I, III, IV, by F. C. C., as no. 218, in Dr. Pagenstecher's Collection, 1864.
5. Should I not, in meek adoring.
A translation of stanzas I-III by [306]M. W. Stryker in his Hymns & Verses, 1883, p. 38, and Christian Chorals, 1885, no. 36.
6. Can I cease, my God, from singing.
In Lyra Davidica, 1708, p. 22.
7. Shan't I sing to my Creator.
[307]J. C. Jacobi, 1732, p. 153. Repeated in the Moravian Hymn Books, 1754-1886, in some editions beginning, "I will sing to my Creator."
8. Shall I not my God be praising.
[308]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 240.
Selected Stanzas:
[309]Dr. Mills in his Horae Germanicae, 1856.
1. Shall I not His praise be singing
Who in glory reigns above:--
Him my thanks and honors bringing,
For the blessings of his love?
Those, who with sincere endeavor
Keep the way that He has shown,
He will as his children own,
Yielding them a father's favor.
All things else their time will last
But His love, when Time is past.
[310]Miss Winkworth, in her [311]Chorale Book for England, 1863.
1. Shall I not sing praise to Thee,
Shall I not give thanks, O Lord?
Since for us in all I see
How thou keepest watch and ward;
How the truest tend'rest love
Ever fills Thy heart, my God,
Helping, cheering, on their road
All who in Thy service move.
[312]M. W. Stryker, 1882, in his Christian Chorals, 1885.
1. Should I not, in meek adoring,
Thank my gracious God above
Whom I see on all things pouring
Forth the sunshine of His love?
For 'tis naught but Love's own loving
In his constant heart, doth care
Endlessly to love and bear
Those their love, in service proving.
All things last their portioned day--
God's love to eternity.
Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud.--(Goed. 239.)
[313](Cf. p. 131 ff.) __________________________________________________________________
[147] [Cf. Lutheran Hymnary, #436] __________________________________________________________________
Also hat Gott die Welt geliebt.--(Goed. 256.)
[Good Friday.]
Founded on John III, 16. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1661, no. 372, in 17 stanzas.
English Version:
1. Be of good cheer in all your wants.
[314]P. H. Molther, of stanza 16, as no. 181 in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789 (1886, no. 217). __________________________________________________________________
Herr, aller Weisheit Quell und Grund.--(Goed. 260.)
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1661, 576, no. 373.
English Version:
O God! from Thee doth wisdom flow,
All I can do Thou well dost know;
If Thine own grace doth not sustain,
Then all my labor is in vain. . . .
A complete and very good translation by [315]J. Kelly. The long metre of 8 syllables seems to lend itself more readily to adaptation into English. In the fourth stanza, first line, Kelly has resorted to a device common to translators, that of making up the extra accent where the corresponding English cognate has lost the ending, by selecting instead of a monosyllabic adverb an adverb of two syllables. Here, of course, "very" for "sehr" makes literality and meter perfect.
Mein Leben ist sehr kurz und schwach
My life is very short and weak.
As exact and appropriate translation as is possible word for word is found in stanza ???:
Ich lieb ihr [148] liebes Angesicht,
Sie ist meins Herzens Freud und Licht;
Sie ist die schönste, die mich halt
Und meinen Augen wolgefällt. I love her lovely face so bright.
She is my joy and heart's delight
The fairest is that holdeth me
Mine eyes she pleaseth wondrously.
__________________________________________________________________
[148] i.e. Weisheit. __________________________________________________________________
Jesu, allerliebster Bruder.--(Goed. 263.)
Based on Johann Arndt's Paradiszgärtlein, 1, 33, 92. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1661, no. 374.
English Version:
1. Jesus! Thou, my dearest Brother,
Who dost well to me intend,
Thou mine Anchor, Mast, and Rudder
And my truest Bosom-Friend.
To Thee, ere was earth or heaven,
Had the race of man been given;
Thou, e'en me, poor guest of earth,
Chosen hadst before my birth. . . .
A complete translation by [316]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 112. The translator has well rendered a hymn of rather unusual difficulty of interpretation in a foreign tongue.
An unavoidable weakening by translation appears in the last stanza:
Nun, Herr lasz dirs wolgefallen,
Bleib mein Freund bis in mein Grab!
Bleib mein Freund und unter allen
Mein getreuster stärkster Stab! Gracious Savior! let it please Thee,
Be my Friend in every hour
Be my Friend, till death release me
Be my faithful Staff of pow'r!
__________________________________________________________________
Geduld ist euch vonnöten.--(Goed. 267.)
Based on Hebrews X, 35-37. It appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1661, no. 375.
English Version:
1. 'Tis patience must support you
When sorrow, grief, or smart,
Or whate'er else may hurt you
Doth rend your aching heart.
Belov'd and chosen seed!
If not a death will kill you,
Yet once again I tell you
'Tis patience that you need. . . .
By [317]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 184. A complete translation of the 14 stanzas, and in general very true to the original. It is noteworthy that the first line of each stanza contains the word "patience" as does the poem of Gerhardt the word "Geduld." Kelly's rendering of the last four lines illustrates as well as any the faithfulness of his version.
Kommt dann der letzte Zug,
So gib durch deine Hände
Auch ein geduldigs Ende!
So hab ich alles gnug. And in my dying hour,
Thy mercy still extending,
Oh! grant a patient ending
Then need I nothing more.
__________________________________________________________________
Nun sei getrost und unbetrübt.--(Goed. 271.)
Subjoined to a funeral address by Johann Meiszner.
This is one of Gerhardt's many "Trostgesänge," and though less well known than most of his hymns is deserving of wider recognition than it has hitherto received. As far as is at present known there has been published but one English version, that of [318]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 329, the first stanza of which is as follows:
"JOYFUL RESIGNATION TO A HAPPY DEPARTURE FROM THIS WEARY WORLD."
Stanza 1. Be glad, my heart! now fear no more,
Let nothing ever grieve thee;
Christ lives, who lov'd thee long before
Thy being He did give thee,
And ere He made thy wondrous frame;
His love remaineth still the same,
It ne'er can change to hatred.
It is unfortunate that the translator has been satisfied with "glad" for the forceful "getrost" which connotes "confidence" and "trust" (to which it is indeed cognate) [149] and even "comfort in that confidence" to the point of being "courageous." More pardonable is his balking at the characteristic alliterative "Geist und Gemüte" which must mean not only the "feelings," but also "soul" and "intellect" as well. If "heart" be accepted in this broadest sense it is undoubtedly the best English equivalent. The psychology of language would presumably never allow in poetry a literal word-for-word rendering of "Geblüte, Fleisch, Haut," and the English reader is denied the poetic force of "ward"
[150] also beautifully illustrated so frequently in the German Bible. Again it must be accounted a defect that the passive "ward zugericht" (1. 5) is changed to an active construction. The German passive is never used without sufficient reason, and Gerhardt chooses here to imply the divine mystery of birth. Here the English is too specific. On the other hand where the German is direct, "Dein Jesus" (1. 3), "Geblüte, Fleisch, Haut," (1. 4, 5), "Der" (1. 6), the English descends to the general.
Stanza 7 preserves more of the "Stimmung" of the original:
Thou Jesus! O thou sweetest Friend,
My light and life art ever!
Thou boldest me, dost me defend,
The foe can move Thee never.
In Thee I am, Thou art in me,
As we are here, we'll ever be,
Nought here or there can part us.
It is difficult to see, however, why "allerliebster Freund" (line 43) could not have its logical equivalent "dearest Friend"; [151] and similarly in line 48, "Und wie wir stehen," might equally be "And as we are," instead of "As we are here," which seems rather forced. __________________________________________________________________
[149] Cf. p. 22.
[150] Und Fleisch und Haut ward zugericht; line 5.
[151] Line 43: "Thou Jesus! O Thou sweetest Friend." __________________________________________________________________
Gib dich zufrieden, und sei stille.--(Goed. 274.)
[Cross and Consolation.]
Founded on Psalm XXXVII, 7. It appeared in Ebeling, 1666, 1, no. 11, in 15 stanzas.
English Versions:
1. Be thou content: be still before.
[319]Miss Winkworth, 1855, [320]p. 156, and in Bishop Ryle's Collection, 1860, no. 269.
2. Be thou contented! aye relying.
[321]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 202.
3. Tranquilly lead thee, peace possessing.
[322]N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 246.
Selected Stanza:
[323]Miss Winkworth in her [324]Lyra Germanica, 1855, p. 156.
Stanza 1. Be thou content; be still before
His face, at whose right hand doth reign
Fulness of joy forever more,
Without whom all thy toil is vain.
He is thy living spring, thy sun, whose rays
Make glad with life and light thy dreary days.
Be thou content.
__________________________________________________________________
Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden.--(Goed. 284.)
[Eternal Life.]
Based on Psalm XXXIX, 12, "I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were." Cf. also Psalm CXIX, "I am a stranger in the earth." It was first published in Ebeling, Berlin, 1666; reprinted in Wackernagel: 1843, no. 112; and Bachmann: no. 98; and included as no. 824, in the Unv. L. S.: 1851.
English Versions: [152]
1. A pilgrim and a stranger,
I journey here below.
A good translation in 7 stanzas by [325]Miss Jane Borthwick, in H. L. L., 3d Series, 1858, p. 13, 1884, p. 139 [153] , as follows:
Gerhardt: I II III IV (V) VI VII VIII IX (X) XI XII XIII XIV [326]Borthwick: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2. A pilgrim here I wander,
On earth have no abode.
A translation in 10 stanzas by [327]Miss Winkworth in her [328]Lyra Ger., 2d Series, 1858, p. 173, and in her [329]Chorale Book, 1863, no. 148, altered by stanzas as follows:
Gerhardt: I II III (IV V VI VII) VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV Winkworth: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
In Holy Song, 1869, it begins: "As pilgrims here we wander."
3. A rest here have I never,
A guest on earth am I.
[330]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 316.
4. On earth I'm but a pilgrim.
G. Wade in the U. P. Juvenile Missionary Magazine, 1859, p. 252.
Selected Stanzas:
[331]Miss Winkworth in her [332]Chorale Book, 1863. [333]Miss Borthwick
in her Hymns from the Land of Luther, 1858,1884.
Stanza 1. Stanza 1.
A pilgrim here I wander,
On earth have no abode,
My fatherland is yonder,
My home is with my God,
For here I journey to and fro,
There in eternal rest
Will God his gracious gift bestow
On all the toil-oppress'd. A Pilgrim and a stranger,
I journey here below;
Far distant is my country,
The home to which I go.
Here I must toil and travel,
Oft weary and opprest;
But there my God shall lead me
To everlasting rest.
__________________________________________________________________
[152] For adaptations of this hymn cf. p. 140 ff.
[153] [alt., The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, p. 586.] __________________________________________________________________
Herr, du erforschest meinen Sinn.--(Goed. 287.)
Appeared in Ebeling, 1666, 2, no. 23.
English Versions:
1. Lord, Thou my heart dost search and try.
[334]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 138. &
In his last stanza Kelly has nearly equalled the original in happily choosing for many of the words the exact English cognate:
Erforsch, Herr, all mein Herz und Mut
Sieh, ob mein Weg sei recht und gut,
Und führe mich bald himmelan
Den ewgen Weg, die Freudenbahn. Lord, search and know my heart and
mood,
See if my way be right and good,
The everlasting joyful road
Lead me that brings me home to God.
__________________________________________________________________
Was traurest du, mein Angesicht.--(Goed. 289.)
Appeared in Ebeling, 1666, 2, 24.
Of Gerhardt's hymns treating of Death, the Last Day, and Eternal Life, this is one of the least well known, and has not been retained in many German hymn books, mainly because of the mixed metaphor and the many unpoetic lines. It is translated in full by [335]J. Kelly, 1867, no. 322, in stanzas of 7 lines, the long fifth line with the double rhyme being written as two short lines,
Stanza 1. My face, why should'st thou troubled be
When thou of death art hearing?
Know it, it cannot injure thee,
Contemplate it, ne'er fearing.
When thou dost know
Death, all its woe
Will soon be disappearing.
In stanza 19 Kelly has made the first personal pronoun predominant with the result that greater smoothness is obtained. He has, however, been obliged to omit what in the German are the best touches, namely the thoughts contained in "mein Hirt," "leiten" and "immergrün":
O süsze Lust, o edle Ruh,
O fromme Seelen Freude,
Komm, schleusz mir meine Augen zu,
Dasz ich mit Fried abscheide
Hin, da mein Hirt mich leiten wird
Zur immergrimen Weide. O sweetest joy, O blessed rest!
To all true-hearted given,
Come, let mine eyes by Thee be pressed,
In peace take me to heaven.
May I roam there
'Mong pastures fair
Where day ne'er knoweth even.
__________________________________________________________________
Die güldne Sonne.--(Goed. 293.)
[Morning.]
First appeared in Ebeling, 1666, 3, no. 25, entitled "Morgensegen"; thence * in Wackernagel: no. 98; Bachmann: no. 101; Crü. Praxis: 1672; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 449. (The melody is by Ebeling. It is called in the Irish Ch. Hymnal "Franconia.")
Lauxmann in Koch, VIII, 185, calls this "A splendid hymn of our poet, golden as the sun going forth in his beauty, full of force and blessed peace in the Lord, full of sparkling thoughts of God."
English Versions:
1. The golden sunbeams with their joyous gleams.
A translation by [336]Miss Winkworth in her [337]Lyra Ger., 1855. Her translations of verses as follows:
Gerhardt: I II III IV (V VI VII) VIII IX (X XI) XII Winkworth: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Her version appears in [338]Kennedy, 1863, no. 814, with the omission of the translation of Gerhardt's stanzas II, VIII, IX.
2. Evening and Morning.
A good translation beginning with stanza IV ("Abend und Morgen") by
[339]R. Massie in the 1857 ed. of Mercer's Church Psalter and Hymn Book. The version has these stanzas:
Gerhardt: IV VIII IX X XI XII
[340]R. Massie: 1 2 3 4 5 6
This version in whole or in part appears in various hymn books. In
[341]Kennedy, 1863, no. 636, it begins with the translation of stanza IX ("Gott, meine Krone") "Father, O hear me." [342]Massie subsequently added a translation of stanzas I, II, III, and included it in his Lyra Domestica, 1864, p. 106, and this full form appears in Reid's Praise Bk., 1872, no. 379.
3. The sun's golden beams.
[343]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 21.
4. Sunbeams all golden.
[344]Miss Cox, 1864, p. 13.
What is our mortal race.
(Beginning with stanza VII) by [345]E. Massie, 1866, p. 87.
6. See the sun's glorious light.
[346]E. Massie, 1867, p. 8.
7. The golden morning.
[347]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 270.
Selected Stanzas:
[348]Miss Winkworth in her [349]Lyra Germanica, 1855, p. 216.
Stanza 1. The golden sunbeams with their joyous gleams, Are kindling o'er earth, her life and mirth, Shedding forth lovely and heart-cheering light; Through the dark hours' chill I lay silent and still, But risen at length to gladness and strength, I gaze on the heavens all glowing and bright. __________________________________________________________________
Der Tag mit seinem Lichte.--(Goed. 296.)
Appeared in Ebeling, 1666, 3, 26.
Compare with this:
(a) The hymn of J. A. Freylinghausen (1704)
"[350]Der Tag ist hin, mein Geist und Sinn."
(This has been translated by [351]Miss Winkworth , [352]R. Massie, [353]Miss Borthwick and others, and has much similarity of thought to Gerhardt's hymns.)
also (b) "Der Tag vergeht, die müde Sonne sinket" in Knapp's Evang. Liederschatz, 1837.
English Version:
1. The daylight disappeareth,
It fleeth and night neareth,
Its gloom is spreading o'er us.
With slumber to o'erpower us
And all the wearied earth. . . etc.
Stanza 1 of a complete translation by [354]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 282. __________________________________________________________________
Ich, der ich oft in tiefes Leid.--(Goed. 298.)
Based on Psalm CXLV. First published in Ebeling, 1666, 3, no. 27, in 18 stanzas of 7 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 95; Bachmann: no. 103; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 1004.
English Versions:
1. I who so oft in deep distress.
[355]Miss Winkworth in her [356]Lyra Ger., 2d Series, 1858, p. 149. The translation omits Gerhardt's stanzas II, III, IV. An alteration and adaptation of stanzas VI, VIII, IX, XI, beginning "O God! how many thankful songs," appeared as no. 168 in Holy Song, 1869.
2. Who is so full of tenderness.
A translation of stanza VIII as stanza 4 in the Moravian Hymn Book, 1886, no. 537.
[357]Miss Winkworth, in her [358]Lyra Germanica, 1855.
1. I who so oft in deep distress
And bitter grief must dwell,
Will now my God with gladness bless,
And all His mercies tell;
Oh hear me then, my God and King,
While of Thy Holy Name I sing,
Who doest all things well.
__________________________________________________________________
Wie schön ists doch, Herr Jesu Christ.--(Goed. 302.)
[Marriage.]
Founded on Psalm CXXVIII. First published in Ebeling, 1666, 4, no. 38, in 8 stanzas of 12 lines; thence in Wackernagel: 1843, no. 108, 1874, no. 109; Bachmann: no. 105; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 680.
English Version:
1. Oh Jesus Christ! how bright and fair.
In full by [359]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 307; repeated altered, and omitting stanzas III-V, in the Ohio Lutheran Hymnal, 1880, no. 339. __________________________________________________________________
Voller Wunder, voller Kunst.--(Goed. 304.)
[Holy Matrimony.]
First published in Ebeling, 1666, 4, no. 40, in 17 stanzas. The hymn is often used in Germany at marriages.
English Versions:
1. Full of wonder, full of skill.
[360]Dr. H. Mills, 1845, 1836, p. 215.
2. Full of wonder, full of skill.
Mrs. Stanley Carr, in her translation of Wildenhahn's Paul Gerhardt, ed. 1856, p. 52.
3. Full of wonder, full of art.
[361]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 302.
4. Full of wonder, full of art.
[362]Miss Winkworth in her [363]Christian Singers of Germany, 1869, p. 215.
Selected Stanza:
[364]Dr. H. Mills in his Horae Germanicae, 1856.
1. Full of wonder, full of skill,
Full of wisdom, full of might,
Full of mercy and good will,
Full of comfort and delight,--
Full of wonder--once again--
Is of love the marriage chain.
__________________________________________________________________
Schaut! Schaut! was ist für Wunder dar?--(Goed. 310.)
[Christmas.]
First published in Ebeling, 1667, 5, 55, in 18 stanzas of 4 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 4; Bachmann: no. 109.
English Version:
1. Behold! Behold! what wonders here.
In full by [365]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 14. From this 12 stanzas were included in the Ohio Lutheran Hyl., 1880, as no. 25, no. 26: no. 26 beginning with the translation of stanza XIII, "It is a time of joy today." __________________________________________________________________
Kommt, und laszt uns Christum ehren.--(Goed. 312.)
[Christmas.]
Founded on St. Luke, II, 15. First published in Ebeling, 1667, 5, no. 56, in 8 stanzas of 4 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 6; Bachmann: no. 110; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 43.
English Versions:
1. Come, unite in praise and singing.
(Omitting stanzas VI, VII.) Contributed by [366]Rev. A. T. Russell to Maurice's Choral H. Bk., 1861, no. 707.
2. Bring to Christ your best oblation.
A full and good translation by [367]R. Massie in his Lyra Domestica, 1864, p. 96; repeated in Snepp's Songs of Grace and Glory, and Reid's Praise Bk., 1872.
3. Come and let us Christ revere now.
[368]Miss Manington, 1864, p. 25.
4. Come, and Christ the Lord be praising.
[369]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 24.
[5. Come, your hearts and voices raising.]
[Composite, [370]The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, p. 90.] __________________________________________________________________
Herr Gott, du bist ja für und für.--(Goed. 315.)
Based on Psalm XC. It appeared in Ebeling, 1667, 6, no. 68.
English Version:
1. Lord God! Thou art forevermore
Thy people's habitation,
And Thou existence hadst before
Was laid the earth's foundation!
Ere yet the hills began to be
Thou livedst in eternity,
Of all things the beginning.
Stanza 1 of a complete translation by [371]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 312.
In this version the translator has lost much of the poetry and spirit not only of Gerhardt but of the ninetieth Psalm on which Gerhardt's poem is based. Witness the second and fourth lines above, where Kelly offers the feeble Latin derivatives for the virile "Die Zuflucht deiner Heerde" and "Grund." __________________________________________________________________
Johannes sahe durch Gesicht.--(Goed. 319.)
Based on Chap. VII, 9. ff. of Revelations. It appeared in Ebeling, 1667, 7, 84.
English Version:
1. By John was seen a wondrous sight,
A noble light,
A picture very glorious:
A multitude stood 'fore him there
All bright and fair,
On heav'nly plain victorious;
Their heart and mood
Were full of good,
That mortal man
With gold ne'er can
Procure, so high 'tis o'er us. . . .
Stanza 1 of a complete translation by [372]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 347. __________________________________________________________________
Wie ist es müglich, höchstes Licht.--(Goed. 324.)
Appeared in Ebeling, 8, 96.
The English version by [373]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 259, is throughout more moderate in tone and does not reflect the utter self-abnegation of Gerhardt. [154]
Stanza 1. How can it be, my highest Light!
That as before Thy face so bright
All things must pale and vanish,
That my poor feeble flesh and blood
Can summon a courageous mood
To meet Thee, and fear banish?
__________________________________________________________________
[154] This is almost the only poem in which Gerhardt has not employed his characteristic alliteration or assonance, or introduced "Friede" or "Freude" words. On these characteristics cf. p. 2 ff. __________________________________________________________________
Ich weisz, dasz mein Erlöser lebt--(Goed. 331.)
[Easter.]
Founded on Job. XIX, 25-27. First published in Ebeling, 1667, 10, no. 119, in 9 stanzas of 7 lines; thence in Wackernagel: 1843, no. 118 (1847, no. 123); Bachmann: no. 119; Berlin G. L. S.: 1863, no. 301.
English Versions: [155]
1. I know that my Redeemer lives. In this my faith is fast.
A full and spirited translation by J. Oxenford, in Lays of the Sanctuary, 1859, [374]p. 122. His translation of stanzas I, III, VII-IX were included, altered as no. 779 in [375]Kennedy, 1863.
2. I know that my Redeemer lives, This hope,
[376]Miss Manington, 1863, p. 78. __________________________________________________________________
From the foregoing statements it is evident that even of Gerhardt's less well-known hymns there has been a comparatively large representation in English and American hymnals. The ten hymns which follow are so widely known through the excellent versions of [377]Miss Winkworth and others, that making the treatment more detailed, I shall discuss the individual merits of the different versions and compare their relative values as interpretations of the originals. __________________________________________________________________
[155] For adaptations from this hymn cf. p. 135 ff. __________________________________________________________________
Wie soll ich dich empfangen.--(Goed. 25.)
[Advent.]
First published in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 77, in 10 stanzas of 8 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 3; Bachmann: no. 22; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no.
21. Cf. Koch IV, 119 ff.
The hymn is founded on St. Matthew XXI, 1-9, the Gospel for the first Sunday in Advent. It is one of Gerhardt's finest productions, and is probably the best German Advent hymn. It is inferable from stanzas VI-IX that the poem was written during the Thirty Years' War. The entire first stanza has been set to music by Bach in the Weihnachtsoratorium, Part I.
English Versions:
1. How shall I meet my Savior.
A translation in full, by [378]J. C. Jacobi, in his Psalmodia Germanica, 722, p. 3 (1732, slightly altered). Included in the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754, and also in later editions with alterations. Varying centos of this version are found in [379]Montgomery's Christian Psalmist, 1825; Dr. Pagenstecher's Collections, 1864; and Bishop Ryle's Collection, 1860. Other forms are:
(a.) "We go to meet Thee, Savior" (stanza I altered), in Reid's Praise Book, 1872, mainly from the Moravian H. Bk., 1801.
(b.) "Love caused Thine Incarnation" (stanza V altered), in Walker's Collection, 1855, and Snepp's Songs of G. and G., 1872, from the Moravian H. Bk., 1801.
2. Oh, how shall I receive Thee.
A good translation of stanzas I, II, VII, VIII, X, by [380]A. T. Russell in his Ps. and Hys., 1851, [381]no. 36. Repeated in
[382]Kennedy, 1863, and the People's H., 1867; and abridged in J. L. Porter's Collection, 1876; H. and Songs of Praise, N. Y., 1874; Laudes Domini, N. Y., 1884, etc.
3. Oh! how shall I receive Thee.
In the 1857 ed. of Mercer's C. P. and H. Bk. Stanzas 1, 2, are based on
[383]A. T. Russell's version and stanzas 3, 4, 5 (Gerhardt's IV, V, VI), are based on [384]Jacobi, as altered in the Moravian H. Bk., 1801. Altered forms have appeared in other hymnals.
4. Ah! Lord, how shall I meet thee.
A translation of stanzas I, II, V, VI, VIII, X, by [385]Miss Winkworth, in her [386]C. B. for England, 1863, no. 21.
5. Say with what salutations.
In full by [387]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 10; repeated, abridged, in the Ohio Luth. Hyl., 1880.
6. Lord, how shall I be meeting.
[388]J. W. Alexander, in Schaff's Kirchenfreund, 1850, p. 176, and his Christ in Song, 1869, p. 20, and his own Breaking Crucible, 1861, p. 11.
7. How shall I meet Thee? How my heart.
[389]Miss Winkworth, [390]1855, p. 7
.
8. How shall I come to meet Thee.
[391]Miss Manington, 1863, p. 65.
9. Lord, how shall I receive Thee.
[392]R. Massie, 1864, p. 93. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
The first hymn in the Psalmodia Germanica [156] of [393]Jacobi (1722) is a translation of Luther's "Nun kommt der Heiden Heiland" ("Now the Savior comes indeed"). The second place in the book is given to Gerhardt's "Wie soll ich dich empfangen" which is translated as " How shall I meet my Savior." In a rather quaint preface [394]Jacobi writes:
"The present Specimen hopes for a charitable Allowance from those, that may happen to use it. A Version of this Kind lies under various Disadvantages, known only to those, who in any degree are acquainted with any Poetical Translations of this Kind. A great Deal is lost of the Life and Spirit of an Hymn, when it appears in another Language."
In this effort as well as in the case of "Befiehl du deine Wege"
[395]Jacobi has left out so much, and incorporated so many ideas of his own which are at variance with Gerhardt's theme that it is difficult to recognize its kinship with the original. The effect Gerhardt produces in the first line by the use of the direct form of address is entirely lost by [396]Jacobi; also the translator creates an unpleasant impression by abruptly changing from the third person in the opening line to the second person in the next line.
Bishop Ryle has altered the last quatrain to this form:
I wait for Thy salvation;
Grant me Thy Spirit's light,
Thus will my preparation
Be pleasing in Thy sight.
Again, the diction of stanza two is particularly strange, at least to modern readers.
I'll raise with all my Powers
More Notes than Unison,
would be quite bewildering if we did not have at hand the German which is so forceful in its very simplicity:
Mein Herze soll dir grünen
In stetem Lob und Preis.
It is plain that [397]Jacobi had not much appreciation of the spirit of Gerhardt, for the distinctive touches of alliteration, repetition for emphasis, the prevailing note of joy and peace accompanying the Savior's advent are certainly not adequately reproduced. In fact the impression he leaves is almost one of gloom!
Contrast with this the translation by [398]A. T. Russell, a cento of which (stanzas 1, 2, 7, 8, 10) is given in most American hymnals. Far more cheerful and more appropriate for the Advent season than anything in [399]Jacobi are such lines as:
My heart to praise awaking,
Her anthem shall prepare, (stanza 2)
and
That in the light eternal our
Joyous home may be. (stanza 5)
It is apt renderings like these that have won for Gerhardt a place in English hymnody.
[400]Kelly's rendering (1867) is characteristically accurate, but, excepting such lines as:
My heart shall blossom ever
O'erflow with praises new (stanza 2)
and
O come Thou Sun and lead us
To everlasting light, (stanza 10)
it is uninspired and lacking in fervor.
Of the 20 hymns of Gerhardt which [401]Miss Winkworth translated there are three for which she has made two renderings: "[402]O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden," "[403]Nun ruhen alle Wälder," and for this Advent hymn. The earlier version (1855) of the Advent hymn omits only the third stanza ("Was hast du unterlassen"). The later one (1863) is written in the original metre for church use to be sung to the traditional melody "Wie soll ich dich empfangen" by Johann Crüger [157] (1653) and contains but six stanzas. As [404]Miss Winkworth was so thoroughly at home in the German she was able to reproduce a surprising number of details. Even the alliteration and repetition for emphasis of which Gerhardt is so fond find in her poem at least a partially corresponding place:
In heavy bonds I languished long (1855, stanza 3, 1) This weary world and all her woe (1855, stanza 4, 5) And labor longer thus (1855, stanza 6, 2)
The original has been characterized as the best German Advent hymn and
[405]Miss Winkworth has transfused it in her earlier version undiminished into her own language so that it reads like an original poem. Her final quatrain is worthy of Gerhardt:
O Sun of Righteousness! arise,
And guide us on our way
To yon fair mansion in the skies
Of joyous cloudless day.
__________________________________________________________________
[156] Cf. p. 96 and note.
[157] Cf. p. 2 f. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
C. [406]Jacobi, 1722, in Psalmodia Germanica.
To the Tune: "COMMIT THY WAYS AND GOINGS." [158]
I
How shall I meet my Savior?
How shall I welcome Thee?
What manner of Behavior
Is now requir'd of me?
Lord, thine Illumination
Set Heart and Hands aright,
That this my Preparation
Be pleasing in thy Sight.
[407]A. T. Russell, 1851, in his Psalms and Hymns. [159]
1. O how shall I receive Thee, How meet Thee on Thy way; Blest hope of every nation, My soul's delight and stay? O Jesus *(Jesu), Jesus *(Jesu), give me Now by thine (*Thy) own pure light, To know whate'er is pleasing And welcome in Thy sight.
2. Thy Zion (*Sion) palms is strewing, With (*and) branches fresh and fair; My soul in praise (*My heart to praise) awaking, Her anthem shall prepare. Perpetual thanks and praises Forth from my heart shall spring. And (*I) to Thy Name the service Of all my powers I (*will) bring. (*3.) (Omitted.) (*4.) 3. Ye who with guilty terror Are trembling, fear no more: With love and grace the Savior Shall you to hope restore. He comes, who contrite sinners Will (*shall) with the children place, The children of His Father, The heirs of life and grace. (*5.) Omitted.
[408]Miss Winkworth, 1855, in her [409]Lyra Germanica.
Stanza 1. How shall I meet Thee? How my heart
Receive her Lord aright?
Desire of all the earth Thou art!
My hope, my sole delight!
Kindle the lamp, Thou Lord, alone,
Half-dying in my breast,
And make Thy gracious pleasure known
How I may greet Thee best.
[410]Miss Winkworth, 1863, in her [411]Chorale Book.
Stanza 1. Ah! Lord, how shall I meet Thee,
How welcome Thee aright?
All nations long to greet Thee
My hope, my sole delight!
Brighten the lamp that burneth
But dimly in my breast,
And teach my soul, that yearneth
To honour such high guest.
__________________________________________________________________
[158] Cf. p. 116.
[159] An asterisk placed before the word indicates the form in the original. This altered cento of three stanzas is the one usually given in American hymn books. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden.--(Goed. 49.)
[Passiontide.]
A beautiful but very free translation of the "Salve Caput Cruentatum," which is part VII of the "Rhythmica Oratio," 1153, ascribed to St. Bernard of Clairvaux. [160] The Latin original follows:
DE PASSIONE DOMINI: AD FACIEM.
1. Salve, caput cruentatum,
Totum spinis coronatum,
Conquassatum, vulneratum,
Arundine sic verberatum
Facie sputis illita
Salve, cuius dulcis vultus,
Immutatus et incultus
Immutavit suum florem
Totus versus in pallorem
Quem coeli tremit curia.
2. Omnis vigor atque viror
Hinc recessit, non admiror,
Mors apparet in aspectu,
Totus pendens in defectu,
Attritus aegra macie.
Sic affectus, sic despectus
Propter me sic interfectus,
Peccatori tam indigno
Cum amoris intersigno
Appare clara facie.
3. In hac tua passione
Me agnosce, pastor bone,
Cuius sumpsi mel ex ore,
Haustum lactis ex dulcore
Prae omnibus deliciis,
Non me reum asperneris,
Nec indignum dedigneris
Morte tibi iam vicina
Tuum caput hic acclina,
In meis pausa brachiis.
4. Tuae sanctae passioni
Me gauderem interponi,
In hac cruce tecum mori
Praesta crucis amatori,
Sub cruce tua moriar.
Morti tuae iam amarae
Grates ago, Jesu care,
Qui es clemens, pie Deus,
Fac quod petit tuns reus,
Ut absque te non finiar.
5. Dum me mori est necesse,
Noli mihi tune deesse;
In tremenda mortis hora
Veni, Jesu, absque mora,
Tuere me et libera.
Quum me jubes emigrare,
Jesu care, tune appare;
O amator amplectende,
Temet ipsum tune ostende
In cruce salutifera.
Gerhardt's version appeared in the 1656 ed. of Crü. Praxis, no. 156, in 10 stanzas of 8 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 22; Bachmann: no. 54; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 109. Cf. Koch, IV, 163; VIII, 47.
In Koch VIII, 47, Lauxmann thus characterizes it:
"Bernard's original is powerful and searching, but Gerhardt's hymn is still more powerful and profound, as redrawn from the deeper spring of evangelical Lutheran, Scriptural, knowledge, and fervency of faith."
Stanza X Lauxmann traces not only to Bernard but to stanza II of "Valet Will ich dir geben" of Herberger, and to Luther's words on the death of his daughter Magdalen "Who thus dies, dies well."
The melody to which the hymn is sung, usually called "[412]Passion Chorale," first appeared in Hans Leo Hassler's "Lustgarten," Nürnberg, 1601, set to a love song, beginning "Mein G'müth ist mir verwirret."
The hymn has often been signally blessed. The story is told that a Roman Catholic from Bohemia on hearing this hymn sung in a Protestant church was so overpowered that he shed tears of joy, for he saw clearer than ever his own sin and the Savior's grace; he understood better than ever the secret of justification by faith alone, and he became from that time a true evangelical Christian. Frederick William I., King of Prussia from 1713 to 1740, the father of Frederick the Great, ordered in his will that at his funeral this hymn should be played by the band. For other incidents connected with this hymn cf. Th. Kübler: Historical notes to the Lyra Germanica, London, 1865.
The English versions are many, and of some of the versions there are several centos:
1. O Head so full of bruises.
In full, by [413]J. Gambold, in Some other Hymns and Poems, London, 1752, p. 12. Repeated in the Moravian H. Book, 1754, pt. 1, no. 222 (1789 greatly altered). In the 1789 ed. a new translation of stanza IX was substituted for [414]Gambold's version, his translation of stanza IX "When I shall gain permission" being given as a separate hymn.
Centos of the above version are:
a. "O Head, so pierced and wounded" in Dr. Pagenstecher's Collection, 1864.
b. "O Christ! what consolation" in the Amer. Bapt. H. Bk., 1871.
c. "I yield Thee thanks unfeigned" (based on [415]Gambold's version of stanza IX) in E. Bickersteth's Christian Psalmody, 1833.
d. "I give Thee thanks unfeigned" in Bishop Ryle's Collection, 1860.
2. O Sacred Head! now wounded.
A very beautiful translation by [416]Dr. J. W. Alexander. His translations of stanzas I, II, IV, VII-X, were first published in the Christian Lyre, N. Y., 1830, no. 136. These stanzas were revised, and translations of stanzas III, VI, were added by Dr. Alexander for Schaff's Deutscher Kirchenfreund, 1849, p. 91. The full text is in Dr. Alexander's Breaking Crucible, N. Y., 1861, p. 7; in Schaff's Christ in Song, 1869; and the Cantate Domino, Boston, U. S. A., 1850. [161] In his note Dr. Schaff says:
"This classical hymn has shown an imperishable vitality in passing from the Latin into the German, and from the German into the English, and proclaiming in three tongues, and in the name of three Confessions--the Catholic, the Lutheran, and the Reformed--with equal effect, the dying love of our Savior and our boundless indebtedness to Him."
Dr. Alexander's version has passed into very many English and American hymnals, and in very varying centos, some of which follow:
a. "O sacred Head, now wounded," People's H., 1867; Hymnary, 1872; Hatfield's Church H. Bk., 1872; Hymns and Songs of Praise, N. Y., 1874, etc.
b. "O Sacred Head! once wounded" (stanza I altered), Bapt. Ps. and Hys., 1858, etc.
c. "O Sacred Head, sore wounded" (stanza I altered), in the Stoke Hymn Book, 1878.
d. "O Sacred Head, so wounded" (stanza I altered), in J. L. Porter's Collection, 1876.
e. "O blessed Christ, once wounded" (stanza I altered), in Dr. Thomas's Augustine H. Book, 1866.
f. "O Lamb of God, once wounded" (stanza I altered), in Scottish Presb. Hyl., 1876.
g. "O Lamb of God, sore wounded" (stanza I altered), in the Ibrox Hymnal, 1871.
3. Ah! Head, so pierced and wounded.
A good translation by [417]R. Massie, omitting stanza VI, in his Lyra Domestica, 1864, p. 14. This version was abridged in Mercer's Oxford edition, 1864, and in [418]Kennedy, 1863. A cento of this beginning with stanza VIII, line 5, "Oh! that Thy cross may ever," appears in J.
H. Wilson's Series of Praise, 1865.
4. Ah wounded Head, that bearest.
[419]Miss Winkworth, omitting stanza VI, in her [420]C. B. for England, 1863, no. 51.
5. Oh! bleeding head, and wounded.
[421]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 59.
6. Ah wounded Head! must Thou.
[422]Miss Winkworth in her [423]Lyra Ger., 1855, p. 80.
7. Thou pierced and wounded brow.
[424]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 39.
8. O Head. blood-stained and wounded.
In the Schaff-Gilman Lib. of Religious Poetry, translated by
[425]Samuel M. Jackson, 1873, 1880. This version is among those that adhere most closely to the original, at the same time showing traces of the Latin of Bernard.
9. O sacred Head, surrounded
By crown of piercing thorn!
A translation in 3 stanzas by Sir H. W. Baker of stanzas I, III, VII, and X, in the Schaff-Gilman Lib. of Religious Poetry.
10. Oh, wounded head and bleeding.
A good translation omitting stanzas II, III, V, IX, by Miss Margarete Münsterberg in her Harvest of German Verse, 1916. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
The earliest known English translation of Gerhardt's Passiontide hymn is that of [426]J. Gambold, published in 1752. [162] It is written in his characteristic vein. Gambold has made no effort to do more than reproduce in doggerel the main ideas of the original without even attempting to gloss over the indelicate expressions which Gerhardt introduced from the Latin of Bernard. The "facie sputis illita" which in Gerhardt is modified to "Wie bist du so bespeit" (line 12) is given by Gambold with extreme literalness. His style becomes often ridiculous if indeed not wholly flippant when he attempts to imitate Gerhardt's familiarity [163] in addressing the Savior.
Witness the first quatrain of stanza 7:
It gives me solid pleasure
My heart does not recoil
When I dive in some measure
Into thy Pangs and Toil. [164]
It is easy to understand why this hymn should be printed in full in the crude Morazian Hymn Book of 1754 and even in later editions, but it is also obvious that more recent hymnals should have made drastic alterations and judicious omissions. Of the centos adapted from
[427]Gambold's unpolished verses, that in Reid's Praise Book (1872) will show how changes were made to suit the more refined taste of the century following the early Moravian period. The quatrain cited above appears in Reid as follows:
And oh! what consolation
Doth in our hearts take place,
When we Thy toil and passion
Can joyfully retrace.
An English writer who faithfully transplanted Germany's best hymns and made them bloom with fresh beauty in their new gardens was
[428]Catherine Winkworth. Her two renderings of this hymn are well adapted to awaken responsive feelings in Christian readers. It would be difficult to judge between the two versions as to which the more successfully retains the force of the German. In both versions she has omitted stanza VI beginning "Ich will hie bei dir stehen." The
[429]earlier one (1855) does not preserve the metre of the original, while the [430]later one (1863) was written for her Chorale Book with the accompanying melody. In general it may be said that the earlier version with the expanded third and seventh lines follows more closely the fervent thought of Gerhardt, an effect made possible in the longer stanza, as the English can rarely be expressed as concisely as the German. A comparison of the first quatrains of the two versions of the final stanza illustrates this:
[431]1855. [432]1863.
(Version for church singing.)
Come to me ere I die,
My comfort and my shield;
Then gazing on Thy cross can I
Calmly my spirit yield. Appear then, my Defender,
My Comfort, ere I die
This life I can surrender
If I but see Thee nigh.
Of the twenty or more forms in which this hymn is familiar to English and American readers that of [433]Dr. Alexander has found most general acceptance for church use. The reason is not far to seek. The music to which the hymn is usually sung is the original melody for the hymn "Herzlich tut mich verlangen" [165] and was, as has been stated, written for a secular song, though thoroughly suitable for the expression of the awfulness of Christ's passion. Alexander's version is without question the one which best suits the cadence of this melody. In the version, for example, of [434]Jackson, the stress would fall upon "tortured" [166] in line 2 and, as the music repeats for the third and fourth lines, also on "a" in line 4. This, then, would not be selected as a satisfactory version for church singing. Aside from this feature, however, the flow of Gerhardt's language is more successfully imitated and the deep fervor of the German more effectively brought forth in Alexander's hymn than in any of the other translations unless we except the earlier one of [435]Miss Winkworth.
While Gerhardt's hymn is more searching and profound than its Latin prototype, and an English translator would not ordinarily refer to the original of Bernard, still there seem to be in the phraseology of the
[436]Jackson and [437]Winkworth translations evidences that these authors were at least familiar with it. Such lines as "Death triumphs in his pallour" [167] and "The pallor of the dead" [168] are quite suggestive of the Latin: "Totus versus in pallorem"; [169] and "Redeemer spurn me not" [170] of the Latin "Non me reum asperneris."
[171]
A short paraphrase by Sir H. W. Baker contains several ideas taken from the Latin which Gerhardt has omitted. Stanza 1 lines 7, 8:
Yet angel hosts adore thee
And tremble as they gaze
are evidently suggested by:
Totus versus in pallorem
Quem coeli tremit curia. (lines 9, 10)
and
O Love to sinners free!
Jesu all grace supplying,
Oh turn thy face to me. (stanza 2)
follows the idea in
Peccatori tam indigno
Cum amoris intersigno
Appare clara facie. (lines 18-20)
The same is true in the first quatrain of Baker's stanza 3, with the idea of the word "indigno" above brought into these later lines:
In this thy bitter passion,
Good Shepherd, think of me,
With thy most sweet compassion,
Unworthy though I be. [172]
In 1860 Bishop Ryle selected and arranged Three hundred and sixty-six Hymns and Spiritual Songs--a song for every day in the year. His 166th poem is a cento of this Passiontide hymn and is assuredly deserving of mention, although he omits the first four stanzas entirely, and for no apparent reason changes the order of the others, arranging them as follows:
Ryle: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Gerhardt: VIII VI VII V IX X.
His first quatrain of Gerhardt's stanza VII is almost identical with that given in Reid's Praise Book as an alteration of the old
[438]Gambold version.
What heavenly consolation
Doth in my heart take place,
When I Thy toil and passion
Can in some measure trace.
__________________________________________________________________
[162] Cf. p. 92.
[163] Cf. p. 18.
[164] Cf. lines 49-52:Es dient zu meiner Freuden Und kömmt mir herzlich wol, Warm ich in deinem Leiden, Mein Heil, mich finden soll.
[165] By Cristoph Knoll, 1563-1650. Cf. p. 87.
[166] Cf. p. 94.
[167] Stanza 3, line 7, Winkworth, 1863.
[168] Stanza 3, line 4, Jackson, 1873.
[169] Line 9, Bernard, p. 86.
[170] Stanza 4, line 8, Winkworth, 1863.
[171] Line 26, Bernard, p. 87.
[172] In hac tua passioneMe agnosce, pastor bone. Lines 21, 22. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
[439]J. Gambold, 1752, in Some other Hymns and Poems.
1. O Head so full of bruises,
So full of pain and scorn,
'Midst other sore Abuses
Mock'd with a crown of Thorn!
O head, e'er now surrounded
With brightest Majesty,
Now pitiably Wounded!
Accept a kiss from me.
2. Thou Countenance transcendent,
At other times rever'd
By Worlds on thee dependent
With Spittle now besmeared!
etc.
[440]J. W. Alexander, 1849, in the Schaff-Gilman Lib. of Religious Poetry.
1. O Sacred Head, now wounded,
With grief and shame bow'd down,
Now scornfully surrounded,
With thorns, Thy only crown.
O Sacred Head, what glory
What bliss till now was Thine
Yet, though despised and gory,
I joy to call Thee mine.
2.
(Gerh. IV.) What Thou, my Lord, hast suffered,
Was all for sinner's gain:
Mine, mine was the transgression
But Thine the deadly pain.
Lo, here I fall, my Savior:
'Tis I deserve Thy place;
Look on me with Thy favour,
Vouchsafe to me Thy grace.
3.
(Gerh. VII.) The joy can ne'er be spoken,
Above all joys beside,
When in Thy body broken
I thus with safety hide.
Lord of my life desiring
Thy glory now to see,
Beside Thy cross expiring
I'd breathe my soul to Thee.
4.
(Gerh. VIII.) What language shall I borrow
To thank Thee, dearest Friend,
For this, Thy dying sorrow,
Thy pity without end?
O make me Thine for ever;
And should I fainting be,
Lord let me never, never
Outlive my love for Thee.
5.
(Gerh. X.) Be near me when I'm dying,
O show Thy Cross to me:
And to my succour flying,
Come, Lord, and set me free.
These eyes new faith receiving,
From Jesus shall not move;
For he, who dies believing,
Dies safely through Thy love.
[441]Miss Winkworth, 1855, in her [442]Lyra Germanica, 1st Series.
1. Ah wounded Head! must Thou
Endure such shame and scorn!
The blood is trickling from Thy brow
Pierced by the crown of thorn.
Thou who wast crown'd on high
With light and majesty,
In deep dishonor here must die,
Yet here I welcome Thee!
[443]Miss Winkworth, 1863, in her [444]Chorale Book.
1. Ah wounded Head that bearest
Such bitter shame and scorn,
That now so meekly wearest
The mocking crown of thorn!
Erst reigning in the highest
In light and majesty,
Dishonored here Thou diest,
Yet here I worship Thee.
A cento by J. C. Ryle, 1860, in his Spiritual Songs.
1.
(Gerh.
stanza VIII.) I give Thee thanks unfeigned,
O Jesus, Friend in need,
For what Thy soul sustained
When Thou for me didst bleed.
Grant to lean unshaken
Upon Thy faithfulness,
Until I hence am taken
To see Thee face to face.
Cento from [445]J. Gambold's version, in Reid's Praise Book, 1866.
1. O Head! so full of bruises,
So full of pain and scorn;
Midst other sore abuses,
Mock'd with a crown of thorn!
O Head! ere now surrounded
With brightest majesty,
In death once bow'd and wounded,
Accursed on a tree!
2. Thou countenance transcendent,
Thou life-creating Sun
To worlds on Thee dependent,
Yet bruised and spit upon! . . . etc.
[446]J. Kelly, 1867, in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs.
1. Oh! bleeding head and wounded,
And full of pain and scorn,
In mockery surrounded
With cruel crown of thorn!
O Head! before adornèd
With grace and majesty,
Insulted now and scornèd,
All hail I bid to Thee!
[447]S. M. Jackson, 1873, 1890, in Schaff-Gilman Lib. of Religious Poetry.
1. O Head, blood stained and wounded,
Tortured by pain and scorn!
O Head in jest surrounded
By a rude crown of thorn!
O Head, once rich adorned
With highest laud and lays,
But now so deeply scorned,
To thee I lift my praise!
Sir H. W. Baker in Schaff-Gilman Lib. of Religious Poetry.
1. O Sacred Head, surrounded
By crown of piercing thorn!
O bleeding Head so wounded,
Reviled and put to scorn!
Death's pallid hue comes o'er Thee,
The glow of life decays,
Yet angel-hosts adore thee
And tremble as they gaze.
Miss Margarete Münsterberg, in her Harvest of German Verse, 1916.
1. Oh, wounded head and bleeding,
By pain and scorn bowed down!
Oh head, the gibes unheeding,
Bound with a thorny crown!
Oh head, once decorated
With honors gloriously,
Now tortured so and hated,
I greet and worship Thee!
__________________________________________________________________
[160] Cf. p. 40 and note.
[161] [Alt. in The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, #172.[ __________________________________________________________________
Wach auf, mein Herz! und singe.--(Goed. 59.)
[Morning.]
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 1, in 10 stanzas of four lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 99; Bachmann: no. 1. It was repeated in Crü--Runge, 1653, no. 1, and also in the Berlin G. L. S.: ed. 1863, no.
1132. This is one of the finest and most popular of German morning hymns, and soon passed into universal use, stanza VIII being best known. Cf. Koch, IV, 595 ff.
English Versions:
1. My Soul, awake and tender.
In full, by [448]J. C. Jacobi, in his Psalmodia Germanica, 1720, p. 33 (1722, p. 104), repeated in pt. I of the Moravian H. Bk., 1754. In the Moravian H. Bk., 1789 and 1886, it begins "[449]My soul awake and render," stanzas 1, 2, 4, 5, being from I; V (lines 3, 4); VI (lines 1, 2); X; VIII.
2. Thy Thanks, my Soul, be raising.
[450]H. J. Buckoll, 1842, p. 28.
3. Wake, my heart, and sing His praises.
[451]E. Massie, 1867.
4. Awake, my heart, be singing.
[452]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 276. [173]
5. Wake up, my heart, elater.
[453]N. L. Frothingham, 1870. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
The third [174] hymn of Gerhardt which [454]Jacobi included in his Psalmodia Germanica [175] is "Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe." As this song of trust is one of Gerhardt's oldest pieces and may be said to set the key for all the later hymns, it is appropriate that [455]Jacobi should find for it a place in his very limited selection.
The eighteenth century English versions of German hymns invariably abound in extravagant figures. just why in this instance the translator has chosen to add to the text, where no mention is made of a "lion," the idea of such an animal in the verse:
Nay, when that Lyon's Fury,
is difficult to explain. Possibly to his own mind that creature was more terrifying than Satan himself. Still less pardonable is the distortion in stanza IV:
Du sprachst: Mein Kind, nun liege
Trotz dem, der dich betriege!
Schlaf wol, lasz dir nicht grauen,
Du sollt die Sonne schauen. Thou saidst: my Child, be easy,
My presence shall release Thee
From frightful Pain and Evil,
In spite of Hell and Devil.
Such alterations of the original, always with the idea of bringing a more terrible picture to the mind of the reader, can be justified on no ground whatever, and accounted for only by saying that the translator probably regarded this as one of the methods of
"resolving all the jarring Discords of Self-love into the heavenly Concords of Mutual Love and Affection. If this be not effected here below, we shall never be worthy to hear the glorious Anthems of the Seraphic Quire above." [176]
The singularly inapt paraphrase of the couplet in stanza 3
Thy gracious Condescension,
Has crossed his sore Intention
appears to slightly better advantage in stanza 7:
In gracious Condescension
Despise not my Intention;
Nor Body, Soul, nor Spirit
Can boast of any Merit.
Another characteristic of the English versions of this period is the emphasizing of the tortures of Hell and the Devil. just as in stanza 4 above, we are not surprised to read in stanza 8:
From Satan's woeful doings,
although there is in the German no suggestion whatever of Satan or his deeds. Similarly, the concluding stanza, after the pleasing opening lines, causes something of a shock by its abrupt descent to the grotesque:
Thy Bliss be my Salvation,
My Heart thy Habitation;
Thy Word my Food and Relish,
Till thou destroy'st what's Hellish.
Except for the imperfect rhymes in most of his stanzas [456]Kelly's version is unusually good both as a scrupulously faithful rendering and a successful attempt to keep the simple language and reproduce the characteristic touches of Gerhardt. The line:
The sunlight shall delight thee,
takes on a new significance when compared with
Du sollt die Sonne schauen,
and strophe 8 is particularly well done in that it has so large a predominance of Anglo-Saxon words:
So wollst du nun vollenden
Dein Werk an mir und senden
Der mich an diesern Tage
Auf seinen Händen trage. Thou wilt, O Lord! be ending
Thy work in me and sending
Who in his hands will take me,
Today his care will make me.
__________________________________________________________________
[174] The other two are "Befiehl du deine Wege" and "Wie soll ich dich empfangen?"
[175] The Psalmodia Germanica is a collection of 60 hymns from the German.
[176] Concluding lines of Jacobi's preface to his Psalmodia Germanica, 1722. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
[457]J. C. Jacobi, in his Psalmodia Germanica, 1722.
I.
My Soul awake, and tender
To God, thy great Defender
Thy Prayer and Thanksgiving,
Because thou art still living.
II.
Last Night, when lying senseless,
And utterly defenceless,
I was in greatest Danger
From Darkness and its Ranger.
[458]John Kelly, in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs, 1867.
1. Awake, my heart! be singing,
Praise to thy Maker bringing,
Of every good the Giver,
Who men protecteth ever.
2. As shades of night spread over
Earth as a pall did cover,
Then Satan sought to have me
But God was near to save me.
__________________________________________________________________
[173] alt., The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, p. 192. __________________________________________________________________
Nun ruhen alle Wälder.--(Goed. 60.)
[Evening.]
First published in Crü. Praxis, 1648, no. 15, in 9 stanzas of 6 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 102; Bachmann: no. 2; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no.
529. Cf. Koch, IV, 607; VIII, 194.
This is one of the finest and one of the earliest of Gerhardt's hymns. In the time of Flat Rationalism in Germany the first stanza became the object of much derision. [177] But the shallow wit showed how little poetry was then understood, for Gerhardt followed in thus beginning his hymn a much admired passage of Virgil, Aeneid IV, 522-528:
Nox erat, et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora per terras, silvaeque et saeva quierant Aequora, cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, pecudes pictaeque volucres, Quaeque lacus late liquidos, quaeque aspera dumis Rura tenent, somno positae sub nocte silenti (Lenibant curas, et corda oblita laborum).
Among the common people the hymn became an exceeding favorite and was generally used as an evening prayer. Its childlike simplicity combined with its deep poetical charm has won the hearts of old and young to the present day. Frequently it has been sung on starry nights by men, women, or children in the fields on their homeward way, and many have laid themselves down for the long sleep of death with this hymn on their lips.
A troop of French soldiers entered Lisberg, a small town of Hesse, on the 14th of September, 1796, plundered and killed the inhabitants, and burned the whole town. A little way distant, at the foot of a mountain, was a small cottage in which a mother sat by the bedside of her sick child. Hearing the noise in the town and seeing the burning houses she locked the door and knelt by the bedside and prayed. As the door burst open and a furious soldier rushed in, she spread her hands over the child and cried:
Breit aus die Flügel beide,
O Jesu, meine Freude, . . . (stanza VIII),
and lo! the wild soldier suddenly dropped his arm, stepped to the bed, and laid his rough hand gently on the child's head. Then going outside he stood guard that none of his troop might harm the cottage.
Although in limited use in the English hymn books, the translations are numerous, as follows:
1. Quietly rest the woods and dales.
Omitting stanza VIII by [459]Mrs. Findlater, in H. L. L., 1st Series, 1854, p. 36 (1884, p. 38), included in Cantate Domino, Boston, U. S. A., 1859.
2. Now all the woods are sleeping.
A full and good translation by [460]Miss Winkworth, in the [461]2d ed., 1856, of the 1st Series of her Lyra Ger., 1855, p. 228. Included in full in her [462]C. B. for England, 1863, and the Ohio Luth. Hyl., 1880.
3. Now woods their rest are keeping.
A translation of stanzas I, III, VIII, IX, by [463]Edward Thring, as no. 18 in the Uppingham and Sherborne School H. Bk., 1874.
4. Jesu, our joy and loving Friend.
A translation of stanza VIII as no. 200 in the Appendix of 1743 to the Moravian H. Bk., 1742.
5. Now Woods and Fields are quiet.
In the Suppl. to Ger. Psal., ed. 1765, p. 73.
6. Display thy both wings over.
A translation of stanza VIII as no. 156 in pt. I of the Moravian H. Bk., 1754.
7. Jesus, our Guardian, Guide and Friend.
A translation of stanza VIII as no. 765 in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789 (1886, no. 1190).
8. Lo! Man and Beast are sleeping.
[464]H. J. Buckoll, 1842, p. 76.
9. Now rest beneath night's shadow.
E. D. Yeomans, in Schaff's Kirchenfreund, 1853, p. 195.
10. Now rest the woods again.
[465]Miss Winkworth, 1855, p. 226 (see no. 2 above).
11. Rise, my soul, thy vigil keep.
[466]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 9.
12. Now resteth all creation.
[467]J. S. Stallybrass, in the Tonic Solfa Reporter, January, 1859, and Curwen's Harmonium and Organ Book, 1863, p. 58.
13. Now every greenwood sleepeth.
[468]Miss Manington, 1863, p. 133.
14. Now hushed are woods and waters.
[469]Miss Cox, 1864, p. 9.
15. Now spread are evening's shadows.
[470]J. Kelly, 1863, p. 285.
16. The woods are hushed; o'er town and plain.
[471]Dr. J. Guthrie, 1869.
17. The duteous day now closeth.
In the Yattendon Hymnal, 1899, thence in Hymns of the Kingdom of God,
N. Y., 1910, 1916, and the Hymnal of Praise, N. Y., 1913. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
Quaint and homely as it is, this hymn has done much to enkindle devotion and strengthen grace among Christian readers in Germany, and is now familiar to English-speaking peoples through the beautiful translations of [472]Miss Winkworth and [473]Mrs. Findlater. Both they and [474]Dr. Guthrie have successfully imitated the sweetly domestic tone in poems that have soothed many a careworn spirit at the close of day.
In the [475]version which appeared in her Lyra Germanica [476]Miss Winkworth evidently overlooked the fact that line 3 of her first stanza had an extra foot:
O'er field and city, man, and beast.
In the [477]version for church singing printed in her Chorale Book the line is changed to the normal six-syllable iambic measure to admit of its being set to the old German melody, [178] "O Welt, ich musz dich laszen."
Gerhardt's stanza VIII, "Breit aus die Flügel beide," [179] has been a special favorite in Germany, and Lauxmann in Koch VIII, 194, says of it:
"How many a Christian soul, children mostly, but also God's children in general, does this verse serve as their last evening prayer. It has often been the last prayer uttered on earth, and in many districts of Germany is used at the close of the baptismal service to commend the dear little ones to the protection of their Lord Jesus."
[478]Miss Winkworth has successfully caught the truly childlike popular spirit of the stanza in the lines:
My Jesus, stay Thou by me,
And let no foe come nigh me,
Safe shelter'd by Thy wing;
But would the foe alarm me,
O let him never harm me,
But still Thine angels round me sing.
Interesting and amusing by its grotesqueness is the Moravian version of this stanza, [180] printed as a separate hymn in the edition of 1754:
Matt. XXIII, 37.
Breit aus die flugel [(sic)] beide.
Display thy both Wings over
Thy Chickens and them cover,
O Jesu, Savior mild!
If devils would disturb 'em,
Let holy angels curb 'em
And bid them never touch thy Child.
In the rich language in which such hymns were conceived and expressed they possess a force that is not easily retained in a translation especially where as in the present instance there is such an abundance of double rhymes. [479]Dr. J. Guthrie's version has in England gained some popularity through the melodious rhythm he has given his lines by not restricting himself to Gerhardt's metre, [181] and certainly the iambic line is more suited to an English treatment of the theme of rest and repose. Note this effect in [480]Guthrie's lines:
The woods are hushed o'er town and plain (1).
Now hastes the body to repose (19).
My laden eyes to slumber yield [182] (31).
The sound sequence in stanza VIII to which the lines owe some of their popularity [481]Dr. Guthrie has obviously endeavored to imitate by the alliterative,
My Savior, Shield and Sun!
When Satan on my soul would spring,
which would indeed do justice to Gerhardt. However a less unpleasant sound than the repeated sibilant which he has used, would suit the English ear better.
As an attempt to translate with scrupulous faithfulness [482]Kelly's version is of some interest. The difficulties in the double rhymes he overcomes by the device of inflectional endings and repetition of pronouns which although at first moderately satisfactory must eventually become monotonous:
declining hasteth tirèd
shining divesteth expirèd [183]
sing ye make me send you
bring ye o'ertake me defend you.
[483]Mrs. Findlater has in her version changed the metre of the original for all lines except the third and sixth; in the closing couplet or even the concluding line of each stanza she has more than any other translator reproduced the idea of peaceful repose which was so evidently Gerhardt's intention.
Stanza 3, lines 5 and 6. When I hear my Lord's command To leave this earth and upward fly. Stanza 8, lines 5 and 6. Give to my beloved sleep, And angels send to guard their home.
The omission of stanza VIII containing the figure of the hen gathering in her chicks is partially justifiable on the ground that the poem is complete without it, and that such similes while appropriately introduced into hymns of the seventeenth century are out of place in nineteenth century hymnody. On the other hand by this ruthless pruning the distinctive touch that Gerhardt gave the hymn is lost. It is interesting to note in the examination of the various English versions of Gerhardt's poetry the treatment which the "homely element" receives from the translator. The poem under consideration will form a good basis for discussion. Almost invariably the translator offers a paraphrase departing more or less widely from the original and effecting a colorless result: Gerhardt writes in stanza IV:
Der Leib eilt nun zur Ruhe,
Legt ab das Kleid und Schuhe.
[484]Miss Winkworth renders:
The body hastes to slumber
These garments now but cumber.
[485]Mrs. Findlater:
Now the body seeks for rest
From its vestments all undrest.
[486]Kelly:
To rest the body hasteth
Itself of clothes divesteth.
[487]Guthrie, however, whose version as a whole would doubtless be considered the best literary production, is not content with what is in the German but takes the opportunity offered by the extra syllables in his longer line to describe the vestment more explicitly:
Now hastes the body to repose
Throws off its garments, shoes and hose.
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[178] In Mittenwalde, where Gerhardt had a pastoral charge from 1651-1657 (cf. p. 3 ff.), there prevailed the custom of playing an evening hymn from the tower. The one used up to that time was the old and then well-known lay, "Innsbruck, ich musz dich laszen." Gerhardt liked the air, but longed to see it associated with a better and more really evening hymn. For this end he composed "Nun ruhen alle Wälder." The melody was originally composed in 1488(?) by Heinrich Isaac, conductor of the choir of Maximilian I. The great masters Bach and Mozart are reported to have said that they would gladly give their best works for this single tune. In our hymnals it is usually called "Innsbruck," but in German hymn books it is given as "O Welt, ich musz dich laszen," from the first line of the hymn of Johann Hesse, 1855, which was set to it.
[179] Breit aus die Flügel beide O Jesu, meine Freude, Und nimm dein Küchlein ein! Will Satan mich verschlingen, So lasz die Englein singen: Dies Kind soll unverletzet sein.
[180] Founded on St. Matthew XXIII, 37. "O Jerusalem . . . how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!"
[181] Line 3 in his stanza is the same length as Gerhardt's.
[182] Cf. the same effect in Adelaide Procter's hymn: The shadows of the evening hours Fall from the dark'ning sky Upon the fragrance of the flowers The dews of evening lie; etc.
[183] This rhyme occurs in two successive stanzas. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
[488]Mrs. Findlater, 1854, in her Hymns from the Land of Luther.
Stanza 1. Quietly rest the woods and dales,
Silence round the hearth prevails,
The world is all asleep;
Thou, my soul, in thought arise,
Seek thy Father in the skies,
And holy vigils with Him keep.
[489]Miss Winkworth, 1863, in her [490]Chorale Book.
Stanza 1. Now all the woods are sleeping,
And night and stillness creeping
O'er (field and) city, man and beast;
But thou, my heart, awake thee,
To prayer awhile betake thee,
And praise thy Maker ere thou rest.
[491]J. Kelly, 1863, in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs.
Stanza 1. Now spread are evening's shadows,
O'er forests, towns, and meadows,
And sleepeth every eye;
Awake my powers and sing ye,
And pray'r and praises bring ye,
That your Creator please on high!
[492]J. Guthrie, 1869, in his Sacred Lyrics.
Stanza 1. The woods are hushed; o'er town and plain,
O'er man and beast, soft slumbers reign:
The world has gone to rest.
But thou, my soul, my every sense,
Wake up, thy Maker's praise commence,
And be that praise thy best.
In the Hymnal of Praise, 1913 (translator's name not given).
Stanza 1. The duteous day now closeth,
Each flow'r and tree reposeth,
Shade creeps o'er wild and wood.
Let us, as night is falling,
On God, our Maker calling,
Give thanks to Him, the Giver good.
Stanza 2. Now all the heavenly splendor
Breaks forth in starlight tender
From myriad worlds unknown;
And man, Thy marvel seeing,
Forgets his selfish being
For joy of beauty not his own.
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[177] Cf. "Jetzt schlafen weder Wälder," as no. 2338, in the final "Zugabe" to the Herrnhut Gesangbuch, 1735, dated "On Aug. 13, 1748, after Holy Communion at Herrnhut." This is a parody on the style of Gerhardt's stanzas I, II, III, VI, VII. It was translated and included in Part II of the Moravian H. Book, 1754, as "Tho' now no creature's sleeping." __________________________________________________________________
Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld.--(Goed. 68.)
[Passiontide.]
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1648; thence in Wackernagel: no. 13; Bachmann: no. 7. Lauxmann in Koch VIII, 40, designates it as "the masterpiece of all Passion hymns." It is commonly sung in Germany and was included in the Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 95, but because of the complexity and variety of figures it has not come into extensive English or American use.
English Versions:
1. A Lamb goes forth: the sins he bears
Of every generation.
A translation of stanzas I and II and part of IV by [493]A. T. Russell in his Psalms and Hymns, 1851.
2. A Lamb goes uncomplaining forth.
[494]Mrs. Charles' translation (combining Gerhardt's stanzas II and III as 2) appears in her Voice of Christian Life in Song, 1858, [495]p.
232. The second part of her version, beginning, "Gate of my heart, fly open wide" (stanza VII), appears in the following: (a) Bishop Ryle's Collection, 1860; (b) Reid's Praise Book, 1872; (c) Christian Hymns, Adelaide, 1872.
3. A Lamb bears all its guilt away
The world thus to deliver.
A full translation by [496]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 49. The Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880, reduces it to 4 stanzas.
4. A Lamb goes forth and bears the Guilt
Of all the world together.
[497]J. Gambold, as no. 24, in part III, 1746, of the Moravian H. Book. In part II of the 1754 edition it begins "A Lamb goes forth and on him bears." In the ed. of 1801 it begins "A Lamb went forth," etc. Stanzas V, IX, X, of this version, beginning, "Jesus, I never can forget," are included in E. P. Hood's Our Hymn Book, 1868.
5. A Lamb goes forth and bears the Guilt
Of Adam's Generations.
A translation in the Suppl. to Ger. Psal., ed. 1765, and also Select Hymns from Ger. Psal., Tranquebar, 1754.
6. See, bowed beneath a fearful weight.
[498]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 32.
7. A Holy, Pure and Spotless Lamb.
[499]Miss Cox, in Lyra Messianica, 1864, p. 230, and also in her Hymns from the German, 1864, p. 107.
8. Forth goes a dear devoted Lamb.
[500]Dr. J. Guthrie, in his Sacred Lyrics, 1869, p. 82.
9. Behold a Lamb! so tired and faint.
Mrs. E. J. Carr, in Songs of the Inner Life, 1871. This version appeared also in Reid's Praise Book, 1872, with slight alterations.
10. A Lamb goes forth--for all the dues.
Catharine Macrea, in Reid's Praise Book, 1872, no. 990. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
The unusual figures in this Passion Hymn have prevented its receiving in English-speaking countries the wide popularity attained by "O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden." [184] Yet because of its dealing with a theme that appealed so strongly to Gerhardt and its being so characteristic of his piety and simplicity, a glimpse into the treatment accorded it by English translators should not be without interest. With hardly less depth of feeling than in "O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden" but with stranger imagery Gerhardt portrays the passion of Christ and reflects upon its significance, and the comfort the Christian derives from it.
The Moravian Hymn Book contains [501]Gambold's translation in Gerhardt's metre of nine of the ten stanzas; the seventh, which abounds in metaphors, he has omitted. Mention has elsewhere [185] been made of Gerhardt's familiarity of tone in addressing the Savior. Gambold equals his master in this respect; witness stanza 5:
Whilst I live here, I never shall
Forget thy Grace amazing;
Our love shall be reciprocal,
I also Thee embracing.
My heart's Light thou shalt be always,
And when it breaks once (as one says)
Thou'lt be my Heart thenceforward . . .
The figure in the concluding stanza of the bride clothed in purple is rather spoiled by Gambold by the baldness of the couplet:
Thy Blood shall of my Wedding-dress
Be then the only splendor.
Nor have we in the German anything to suggest the final lines:
Then will the Mother, who bore me,
And nursed me up, my Lamb, for thee,
Present me as thy Purchase.
[502]Russell's short version of two stanzas presents an effective paraphrase of the last three lines of Gerhardt's stanza IV:
O süszes Lamm, was soll ich dir
Erweisen dafür, dasz du mir
Erweisest so viel Gutes? O Lamb beloved! How shall I Thee
Requite for all, thus unto me
Such wondrous goodness showing?
Under the title "The sin-bearing Lamb" [503]Dr. Guthrie gives in his Sacred Lyrics perhaps the most readable English translation, as it combines Gerhardt's beautiful piety and spiritual simplicity; it is also unique among translations from the German, in that it introduces more of the direct address than is usual, translators preferring as a rule to render quotations in the indirect form:
"Give me," he says, "the wreath of thorn," etc.
Stanza 7, which [504]Gambold omitted entirely, is the beginning of a hymn in Reid's Praise Book. It is a cento taken from [505]Mrs. Charles' very free translation (1858) and is cited here to illustrate the liberties often taken by translators. Here, of course, the free paraphrase is reasonably justifiable:
STANZA 7.
Gerhardt. [506]Mrs. Charles.
Erweitre dich, mein Herzensschrein,
Du sollt ein Schatzhaus werden
Der Schätze, die viel gröszer sein
Als Himmel, Meer und Erden.
Weg mit dem Gold Arabia!
Weg Calmus, Myrrhen, Casia!
Ich hab ein Bessers funden.
Mein groszer Schatz, Herr Jesu Christ
Ist dieses, was geflossen ist
Aus deines Leibes Wunden. Gate of my heart, fly open wide--
Shrine of my heart, spread forth;
The treasure will in thee abide
Greater than heaven and earth:
Away with all this poor world's treasures,
And all this vain world's tasteless pleasures,
My treasure is in heaven;
For I have found true riches now,
My treasure, Christ, my Lord, art Thou,
Thy blood so freely given!
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[184] Cf. p. 86 ff.
[185] Cf. pp. 18 and 89. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
In the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754 ed., part II (author's name not given).
Stanza 1. A Lamb goes forth and on him bears
The Guilt and misdemeanour
Of all the World, and patient wears
The Likeness of a Sinner.
Stanza 2. Great King! in ev'ry age confest,
Yet never more or greater,
Than when thou with thy Wounds wast drest,
Could I but praise thee better!
[507]J. Gambold, in the 1754 edition of the Moravian Hymn Book.
Stanza 1. A Lamb goes forth, and bears the guilt
Of all the world together,
Most patiently by his Blood spilt
To pay for ev'ry Debtor;
Sickness and toil he on him took,
Went freely to the Slaughter-block
All comfort he refused;
He underwent reproach and blame,
Death on the Cross, and Stripes and shame,
And said, I gladly chuse it.
[508]A. T. Russell, in his Psalms and Hymns, 1851.
Stanza 1. A Lamb goes forth: the sins He bears
Of every generation:
Himself with patience He prepares
To die for every nation.
All faint and weak, behold! He goes,
His life resigning to His foes:
No thought His grief can measure.
He yields to scorn, reproach, disdain,
Wounds, anguish, cross, and dying pain,
And saith, "It is my pleasure."
[509]Guthrie, 1869, in his Sacred Lyrics.
Stanza 1. Forth goes a dear devoted Lamb
And dies an expiation
For sinners all, of every name,
Of every age and nation.
Forlorn and faint, behold He gains
The scene of more than deadly pains,
No earthly good possessing:
"Give me," he says, "The wreath of thorn,
The stripes, the curse, the Cross of scorn,
That men may have the blessing."
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Warum sollt ich mich denn [186] grämen?--(Goed. 122.)
[Cross and Consolation.]
Founded on Psalm LXXIII, 23. Appeared in Crü.--Runge, 1653, no. 240, in 12 stanzas of 8 lines; thence in Wackernagel: no. 64; Bachmann: no. 29; Crü. Praxis: 1656, no. 320; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 784. Cf. Koch IV, 525; VIII, 471-9.
This is a very beautiful hymn but difficult of translation. It was a source of comfort to the Salzburg emigrants on their way through Swabia in 1732 (cf. Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea), and to Frederick William
I. of Prussia on his deathbed, May 31, 1740. The eighth stanza was the last utterance of Gerhardt on the day of his death, May 27, 1676. It has since cheered and comforted many Christians, both in the season of trial and in the hour of death. It was joyfully sung by the pious pastor Hosch of Gächingen in Württemberg, when on the 2d of July, 1800, French soldiers had plundered his house, leaving him almost nothing but his harp, with which he accompanied the cheering strains of this hymn. The words of the seventh stanza:
Unverzagt und ohne Grauen
Solt ein Christ, Wo er ist,
Stets sich laszen schauen. . . .
were spoken by the pious lawyer in Stuttgart, John Jacob Moser, when, in consequence of his fearless remonstrances against injustice, he was called before his sovereign, the Duke of Württemberg, to be sentenced to imprisonment. The Queen of Poland and Electress of Saxony, Christiana Eberhardina, who died on the 5th of September, 1726, derived great consolation in her dying moments from the eighth stanza which was repeated to her by her chaplain.
English Versions:
1. Why, my soul, thus trembling ever.
A good translation of stanzas I, IV, VII, VIII, XI, XII, as no. 232 in the Anglican H. Bk., 1868. Translated by the Rev. Angelo A. Benson,
1862. [187]
2. Why should sorrow ever grieve me.
In full by [510]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 214. His translation of stanzas I, V, X-XII, are repeated in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880, no. 420. [188]
3. Why should I continue grieving.
In the Suppl. to Ger. Psalmody, ed. 1765, p. 58, in the Moravian H. Bk., 1754, and in the Supplement of 1808 to the Moravian H. Bk. of 1801, but with stanzas VIII, X, altered and beginning "With undaunted resolution."
4. Wherefore should I grieve and pine.
[511]Miss Winkworth in her [512]Lyra Ger., 1858, p. 198.
5. Wherefore, then, should I be gloomy.
[513]N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 144. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
This "Christliches Freudenlied" has an especial interest, for it seems to have been the hymn that was most comforting to Gerhardt. We know that in his last moments [189] he repeated stanza VIII:
Kann uns doch kein Tod nicht tödten,
Sondern reiszt Unsern Geist
Aus viel tausend Nöten;
Schleuszt das Thor der bittern Leiden
Und macht Bahn, Da man kann
Gehn zur Himmelsfreuden.
It was fitting that one whose hymns are so replete with expressions of earthly and the far greater heavenly joys should go to his final rest comforted by the full realization of their meaning.
The translator in the 1754 edition of the Moravian Hymn Book has with a few characteristic exceptions treated the peculiar rhythm and metre skillfully. Although the line
Han't I still Christ my Hill,
(line 2) would not be acceptable to-day, still our attention is forcibly drawn to the rhythm and note of genuine fervor in the reproduction of our poet's last words:
Conquered Death cannot destroy us,
But cuts short grief and Smart
That doth here annoy us;
Shuts the door on sin and sadness
And makes way for the Day
Of eternal gladness.
[514]John Kelly in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs although he does not retain much of the lyric grace of the original translates the poem with scrupulous faithfulness. His stanza 8 suffers greatly by comparison with that of the Moravian version-given above.
Death can never kill us even,
But relief
From all grief
To us then is given.
It does close life's mournful story
Make a way
That we may
Pass to heavenly glory.
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[189] Cf. p. 5. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
In the 1754 edition of the Moravian Hymn Book (author's name not given).
Stanza 1. Why should I continue grieving,
Han't I still Christ my Hill,
And my Savior living?
Who'll deprive me of Salvation
Which by Faith Jesus hath
Giv'n in expectation?
[515]John Kelly in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs, 1867.
Stanza 1. Why should sorrow ever grieve me?
Christ is near
What can here
E'er of Him deprive me?
Who can rob me of my heaven
That God's Son
As mine own
To my faith hath given?
[516]Miss Winkworth in her [517]Lyra Germanica, 1858.
Stanza 1. Wherefore should I grieve and pine?
Is not Christ the Lord still mine?
Who can sever me from Him?
Who can rob me of the heaven
Which the Son of God hath given
Unto faith though weak and dim?
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[186] "denn" is probably the authentic reading, although Goedeke prints "doch." Cf. p. 16.
[187] [Cf. Lutheran Hymnary, #342]
[188] [Cf. The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, p. 523.] __________________________________________________________________
Wir singen dir, Emanuel.--(Goed. 150.)
[Christmas.]
Included in Crü. Praxis, 1653, no. 100 in 16 stanzas of 4 lines. In Ebeling, 1667, 5, no. 52, four stanzas were added as IV, VIII, IX, XVII. The complete text in 20 stanzas is in Wackernagel: no. 10; Bachmann: no. 42; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 58. Cf. Koch IV, 136.
English Versions:
1. Emmanuel, we sing Thy praise.
This translation of stanzas I-III, V-VII, XVIII-XX, appeared in the British Magazine, January, 1838, p. 35. Repeated, omitting the translation of stanza XIX, and beginning "Emmanuel, Thy name we sing," in [518]Kennedy, 1863.
2. Immanuel, we sing to Thee.
A translation of stanzas I-III, V, by [519]A. T. Russell in the Dalston Hospital H. Bk., 1848.
3. Immanuel, we sing to Thee, Of life, etc.
A translation of stanzas I-III, VI, XX, based on the earlier versions, in J. F. Thrupp's Psalms and Hymns, 1853, no. 35.
4. Thee, O Immanuel, we praise.
A good translation of stanzas I-III, V-VII, XVIII-XX, by [520]Miss Winkworth, in her Lyra Ger., First Series, 1855, p. 28. In her [521]2d ed., 1856, p. 24, she added a translation of stanza IX, and thus in her
[522]C. B. for England, 1863, no. 35. Repeated, abridged, in the Hyl. for St. John's, Aberdeen, 1870, and Flett's Collection, Paisley, 1871; and beginning "With all Thy saints, Thee, Lord, we sing" (stanza II), in Boardman's Selections, Philadelphia, 1861.
5. We sing to Thee, Emmanuel, The Prince, etc.
A good translation of stanzas I-III, V-VII, XVIII-XX, by [523]Miss Cox, contributed to Lyra Messianica, 1864, p. 55, and in her own Hymns from the German, 1864, p. 35. in Schaff's Christ in Song, 1869, p. 56, it is in full, and in Jellicoe's Collection, 1867, omitting the translation of stanza V. In the Amer. Bapt. Hy. & Tune Bk., 1871, it begins, "All glory, worship, thanks and praise" (stanzas II, III, XIX, XX).
6. We sing to Thee, Immanuel! Thou Prince of Life.
A translation of stanzas I, II, XIX, XX, signed "F. C. C.," as no. 26 in Dr. Pagenstecher's Collection, 1864.
7. We sing to Thee, Immanuel, Thou Prince of Life.
As no. 109 in part III, 1748, of the Moravian H. Bk. (1754, part I, no. 436).
8. Immanuel, to Thee we sing, Thou Prince, etc.
L. E. Schlecht, in the Moravian H. Bk., 1789, no. 45 (1886, no. 45).
9. Immanuel! Thy praise we sing.
Miss Fry, 1859, p. 163.
10. To Thee, Immanuel, we sing, The Prince, etc.
[524]Miss Manington, 1864, p. 36.
11. Immanuell to Thee we sing, The Fount.
[525]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 37. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
Few of the English versions of German hymns which appear in the old Moravian hymn books rise above a mediocre grade; many on account of their crudity deserve only passing mention, others are interesting merely by way of comparison with later renderings. The editions up to that of 1886 published no authors' names and it is now largely a matter of conjecture as to who may have written these earlier versions. Rarely did the translators succeed in giving even a fair impression of the original, and we suspect that irnperfect knowledge of the exact meaning of the German or even indifference to the effect their versions produced may too often have been the cause of the crude and even grotesque language.
The translator of this Christmas hymn has, however, been a notable exception; choosing from Gerhardt's discursive strophes the most significant ideas, he has developed a poem of seven stanzas superior to most contemporary hymns from the German. The correspondence of strophes is as follows:
Gerhardt: I II VII VI VII VIII VI IX XI XX
Mor. Hy. Bk.: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Especially happy are the epithets in lines 3 and 4:
Du Himmelsblum und Morgenstern,
Du Jungfrausohn Herr aller Herrn. Thou Morning-star, thou Eden's
Flow'r
The Lord of Lords, whom Mary bore!
The modern reader will enjoy the orthography in the lines:
Dost thou a stranger chuse to be (stanza 3),
and Thou cloathest all (stanza 3).
though he will recoil at the pronunciation of the first two lines of stanza 5:
Thou in a manger ly'st with beasts,
There thou a little Infant rest'st.
Stanza 6, a free paraphrase of stanza XI in the original, reproduces admirably the childlike confidence with which Gerhardt writes. The translator appreciates keenly the personal tone which pervades the poem when he sings:
I thank thee, loving Lamb! that thou
On my account didst stoop so low;
And as thy Spirit gives me grace,
I'll be thy Servant, if thou please.
In her [526]Chorale Book and set to the old tune "[527]Erschienen ist der herrlich Tag," [190] [528]Miss Winkworth gives the following arrangement of her ten-stanza version:
Gerhardt: I II III V VI IX VII XVIII XIX XX
Winkworth: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Stanza 9 shows how successfully she can imitate Gerhardt's simplicity and fervor; even the alliteration finds a partial correspondence in her third line:
Gerhardt (stanza XIX). Winkworth (stanza 9).
Du bist mein Haupt; hinwiederum
Bin ich dein Glied und Eigentum
Und will, so viel dein Geist mir gibt,
Stets dienen dir, wie dirs geliebt. Thou art my Head, my Lord
Divine,
I am Thy member, wholly Thine,
And in Thy Spirit's strength would still
Serve Thee according to Thy will.
So also in stanza 10 (Gerhardt XX) for Gerhardt's favorite expression "für und für" we find a very happy equivalent, and also an exact rhyme which the German lacks:
Gerhardt (stanza XX). Winkworth (stanza 10).
Ich will dein Alleluja hier
Mit Freuden singen für und für,
Und dort in deinem Ehrensaal
Solls schallen ohne Zeit und Zahl. Thus will I sing Thy praises
here
With joyful spirit year by year;
And they shall sound before thy throne,
Where time nor number more are known.
[529]Miss Cox, whose translation of Gellert's Easter hymn
Jesus lives, thy terror now
Can no longer, Death, appal us,
is so well known, has given us one of the best modern versions of this Christmas hymn of Gerhardt's. Her stanzas correspond as follows:
Gerhardt: I II III V VI VII XVIII XIX XX
[530]Cox: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
[531]Miss Cox makes a less personal appeal to the worshipper and thereby loses much that is so excellent and characteristic of Gerhardt; instead of keeping the pronoun in the singular, "So fasz ich" (stanza XVIII) "Du bist mein Haupt" (stanza XIX) and "Ich will dein Alleluja" (stanza XX), she has respectively "Our love grows bold," "Thou art our Head," and "Our hallelujahs." If her poem is rather more polished, Gerhardt's is certainly the more direct, as witness these stanzas:
Gerhardt (stanza VII). [532]Cox (stanza 6).
Du kehrst in fremder Hausung ein,
Und sind doch alle Himmel dein;
Trinkst Milch aus deiner Mutter Brust
Und bist doch selbst der Engel Lust. Thou who both heaven and earth
dost sway,
In strangers' inn are fain to stay;
And though thy power makes angels blest,
Dost seek thy food from human breast.
The concluding stanza is inferior to the others and suffers by comparison with the excellent lines of [533]Miss Winkworth cited above: it is a very free paraphrase and leaves the impression of having been hastily constructed:
As each short year goes quickly round,
Our hallelujahs shall resound;
And when we reckon years no more,
May we in heaven thy name adore!
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[190] By Nicolaus Heermann (d. 1560). __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
From the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754.
Stanza 1. We sing to thee Immanuel!
Thou Prince of life, salvation's well!
Thou Morning-star, thou Eden's Flow'r
The Lord of Lords whom Mary bore!
Hallelujah.
Stanza 2. We sing thee 'midst thy chosen race
With all our strength we give thee praise;
That thou so long expected guest
Didst come to visit us at last.
[534]Frances Elizabeth Cox, 1864, in the Schaff-Gilman Library of Religious Poetry.
Stanza 1. We sing to thee, Emmanuel,
The Prince of life, salvation's well,
The plant of heaven, the star of morn,
The Lord of Lords, the virgin-born!
Stanza 2. All glory, worship, thanks, and praise,
That thou art come in these our days!
Thou heavenly guest, expected long,
We hail thee with a joyful song.
[535]Miss Winkworth in her [536]Lyra Germanica, 1865, p. 24.
1. Thee, O Immanuel, we praise,
The Prince of Life, and Fount of Grace,
The Morning Star, the Heavenly Flower,
The Virgin's Son, the Lord of Power!
With all Thy saints, Thee, Lord, we sing,
Praise, honour, thanks to Thee we bring,
That Thou, O long-expected guest,
Hast come at last to make us blest!
E'er since the world began to be,
How many a heart hath longed for Thee;
Long years our fathers hoped of old
Their eyes might yet Thy Light behold.
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__________________________________________________________________
Befiehl du deine Wege.--(Goed. 185.)
[Trust in God.]
Appeared in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 333; Wackernagel: no. 66; Bachmann: no. 72 in 12 stanzas of 8 lines; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 620.
Lauxmann, in Koch VIII, 392, calls this hymn "the most comforting of all the hymns that have resounded on Paulus Gerhardt's golden lyre, sweeter to many souls than honey and the honey-comb." It is an acrostic on Luther's version of Psalm XXXVII, 5, "Befiehl dem Herren deine Wege und hoffe auf ihn, er wirds wohl machen," formed by the initial words of the stanzas, those of the Wackernagel edition being printed in blacker type. This acrostic form has been preserved by [537]Jacobi and
[538]Stallybrass.
According to tradition Gerhardt wrote the hymn in a Saxon village to console his wife after they had been compelled to leave Berlin. But the hymn was printed as early as 1653, and although Gerhardt had to give up his position in 1666, [191] he did not leave Berlin until his appointment to Lübben in 1669, while his wife died in Berlin in 1668. Hence there appear to be two good reasons for discrediting this story. We must assume, therefore, that the hymn was written during the Mittenwalde period when as yet he could have had no thought of a position in Berlin. The perfection of the hymn is strikingly evinced by the fact that it soon spread through Germany, finding its way into all hymn books and ranking as one of the finest hymns of its class. Lauxmann relates that it was sung when the foundation stone of the first Lutheran church at Philadelphia was laid, May 2, 1743, and again on October 20, when Muhlenberg, the father of the American Lutheran Church, held the opening service.
English Versions:
1. Commit thou all thy griefs.
A very free but spirited rendering omitting stanzas V, IX-XI, by
[539]J. Wesley in his [540]Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1739 (P. Works, 1869-72, Vol. I, p. 125), in 8 stanzas of 8 lines. Wesley has here caught, far more successfully than any other, the real ring and spirit of Gerhardt. His translation has been included in many hymn books and collections, and has come into very extended use, but generally abridged. In the United Presb. H. Bk., 1852, it began "To God commit thy griefs." It is also found under these headings:
(a) Thou on the Lord rely (stanza III). (b) Thy everlasting truth (stanza V). (c) Give to the winds thy fears (stanza IX). (This is the heading under which it appears in most American hymnals. Cf. p. 202.) (d) O cast away thy fears (stanza IX altered). (e) Through waves and clouds and storms (stanza X). (f) Leave to his sovereign sway (stanza XIII). (g) Thou seest our weakness, Lord (stanza XV). (h) Put thou thy trust in God.
This last is a greatly altered cento with the stanza arrangement as follows:
[541]Wesley: III I III V
Cento: 1 2 3 4
In this form also it has appered in many hymnals.
2. Commit thy way, confiding.
A complete translation by [542]Dr. H. Mills in the Evang. Review, Gettysburg, July, 1849, and his Horae Ger., 1856, p. 172. His stanzas I, II, VI, XII, were included in the Lutheran General Synod's Hymns, 1852, and I, II, V, VI, XI, XII, in the Ohio Luth. Hymnal, 1880.
3. Thy way and all thy sorrows,
Give thou into His hand.
A complete translation by [543]Rev. A. T. Russell as no. 233 in his Psalms and Hymns, 1851, in 3 parts. Part II begins "In vain the powers of darkness / Thy will, O God, oppose": (Gerhardt's stanza V). Part III (Gerhardt's stanza IX) begins "Awhile his consolation / He will to thee deny."
4. Commit thy way to God.
A translation omitting stanzas IX, X, XII, by [544]Mrs. Charles in her Voice of Christian Life in Song, 1858, p. 239. A cento of her version (Gerhardt's stanzas I, II, VI, VIII, XI) appears as no. 138 in Jellicoe's Collection, 1867, and another cento (Gerhardt's I, VI-VIII, XI) appears as no. 283 in Bishop Ryle's Collection, 1860.
5. Commit thy way, O weeper.
A free paraphrase in 6 stanzas of 4 lines by [545]J. S. Stallybrass for the Tonic-Solfa Reporter, July, 1857, repeated in Curwen's Child's Own
H. Bk., 1862 and 1874.
6. Commit thou every sorrow, And care.
A translation of stanzas I-III, XII, by [546]Miss Borthwick in Dr. Pagenstecher's Collection, 1864, no. 240.
7. Commit thy Ways and Goings.
[547]J. C. Jacobi, 1720, 1722, 1732.
8. Commit thou thy each grievance.
In part I of the Moravian H. Bk., 1754 and 1849.
9. Commit thy ways, thy sorrows.
Mrs. Stanley Carr in her translation of Wildenhahn's Paul Gerhardt, 1845 and 1856.
10. Commit thy secret grief.
[548]Miss Dunn, 1857, p. 89.
11. Commend thy way, O mortal.
In Madame de Pontes's Poets and Poetry of Germany, 1858, vol. I, p. 424.
12. Commit thou all thy ways, and all.
[549]Mrs. Bevan, 1859, p. 124.
13. Commit thy way unto the Lord, thy heavy.
Dr. R. P. Dunn in Sacred Lyrics from the German, Philadelphia, 1859, p. 85.
14. To God thy way commending.
[550]Miss Cox, 1864, p. 161; and in the Gilman-Schaff Lib. of Rel. Poetry, 1883, p. 510.
15. Commit whatever grieves thee.
[551]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 225. [192]
16. Commit thy way, O weeping.
[552]Dr. J. Guthrie in his Sacred Lyrics, 1869, p. 92.
17. Commit the way before thee,
[553]N. L. Frothingham, 1870, p. 164.
18. Commit thy course and keeping.
Dr. John Cairns, c. 1850, but first published in Edinburgh, 1881, as an eight-page tract. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
In the interesting and now very rare old Psalmodia Germanica [193] compiled and edited by [554]J. C. Jacobi there are three of Gerhardt's hymns--"Wie soll ich dich empfangen," "Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe," and "Befiehl du deine Wege." The book is dedicated to
"Their Royal Highnesses,
Princess ANNE
Pincess AMALIA,
(sic!)
AND
Princess CAROLINA,"
and in one paragraph of this dedication we read:
"As a sincere Desire to promote Divine Psalmody has prompted me to this Translation; so I presume to address the same, such as it is to YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESSES, for no other End than to promote thereby the Singing the Praises of our blessed Redeemer"; etc.
In most cases facing the beginning page of the hymns is an inserted leaf (not numbered) containing the traditional melody unharmonized. It is a reasonably safe conjecture that these books of [555]Jacobi were among the very first printed copies of anglicized German hymns, and the historical value and interest of the books themselves as well as the versions they contain cannot be overestimated.
The version of "Befiehl du deine Wege" is so free a paraphrase, combining, as it does, in the five stanzas ideas from the twelve of the original, and introducing new elements altogether, that except for the first and fifth strophes it is difficult to connect the themes definitely with any particular lines in Gerhardt's poem. The correspondence seems, however, to be approximately as follows:
[556]Jacobi: I II III IV V Gerhardt: 1 2 5 7 7 3 4 8 10 12
Which line of Gerhardt suggests the injunction "Shake off that yoke of Hell" (2, 6) is not clear: possibly here [557]Jacobi had in mind the scriptural passage (Psalm XXXVII, 5, ff.) where in verse 8 we read "Cease from anger, and forsake wrath." Stanza 4:
And he shall clear the Dullness
That sits upon thy Mind
perhaps finds its basis in stanza VII:
. . . was das Herze
Betrübt und traurig macht!
or in stanza VIII:
Wann Er . . .
Das Werk hinausgeführet,
Das dich bekümmert hat.
To conclude his hymn, [558]Jacobi again, as in strophe 2, dwells upon the punishment for sin, entirely an interpolation of his own, with no bearing on the original whatever:
Redeem us all together
From Sin, World, Death, and Hell.
Finally it must be said that for the modern reader this version must seem little more than a distorted paraphrase, made still further difficult of interpretation and appreciation through the use of words far more remote from our modern English than is the German vernacular of the seventeenth century from the modern German. Phrases such as:
His Fatherly Dilection
is never at a stand (3, lines 7 and 8)
and
Our Life and Conversation
Lead by Thy Holy Hand (5, lines 5 and 6)
seem not well calculated to carry out the hope that the translator utters on the last page of his "dedication":
"If the Lover of Psalmody, can find in these Hymns an edifying Sunday's Entertainment, which, it seems, has hitherto been too much wanting in Abundance of Families, the Translator will think his Time well bestow'd,
In another chapter [194] mention has been made of the relation of
[559]John and [560]Charles Wesley to the Moravians. It is altogether probable that it was the singing of this hymn with its reference to winds and seas that first appealed to these Englishmen when on their voyage to America on the same vessel with a company of Moravians.
[561]John Wesley's version (1739) is the second of the three earliest translations of this hymn which has come into such extensive use both in Germany and English-speaking lands. A number of changes have been made by the translator, but in general the main features are quite faithfully reflected. Firstly he has divided the 8-line strophes into quatrains, has disregarded the feminine rhymes of lines 1 and 3 and changed to iambic tetrameter the original iambic trimeter ending in a feminine rhyme. These variations enable him often to introduce an additional thought, e. g. in line 3 "To his sure truth and tender care," where in Gerhardt there is only the idea of "faithful care." Again he profits by being able better to express in English the more pithy German; for example, in stanza 14: "When fully he the work hath wrought" reproduces very acceptably the idea contained in the compound "hinausgeführt."
Omitting stanza V Wesley gives a free but spirited version of the stanza beginning
Hoff, O du arme Seele
Hoff und sei unverzagt . . .
as
Give to the winds thy fears
Hope and be undismayed
God hears thy sighs and counts thy tears
God shall lift up thy head. [195]
Omitting also stanzas IX-XI inclusive, in which the original emphasizes or repeats in sameness of strain the thoughts of the earlier part of the poem, Wesley offers in his final strophe a strong conclusion, though he departs from the idea of Gerhardt's theme of distress for which termination is besought, and dwells upon the weakness to which man is prone. While Gerhardt asks to be guided to Heaven, to be entrusted ("empfohlen") to God's care, which one would expect for the appropriate conclusion of a poem beginning "Befiehl du deine Wege," Wesley prays only that God's children may remember His care:
Let us, in life, in death,
Thy steadfast truth declare
And publish, with our latest breath,
Thy love and guardian care!
The nearest date that can be set for the other early English translation of this most famous of Gerhardt's hymns is 1754 in the Moravian Hymn Book of that year where it appeared without the name of the author. It is very likely the work of the editor himself, [562]Dr.
J. Gambold; for it has many of the characteristics of other hastily made translations in his collection of "German Hymns in the Seventeenth Century." Many of the hymns of the early and exuberant development of Moravian hymnody seem at first sight like a highly-colored and almost morbid growth that had been grafted from without upon the stem of English church song. If the immediate impression this version makes is that of foreignness owing to its phraseology, [196] it must be remembered that in reality these efforts are part of a new development of a real spiritual life, at first perverted into fantastic forms, but certainly capable of culture and ultimately becoming a characteristic and permanent type of English hymn. An unbiassed critic must concede that the whole atmosphere of this hymn in spite of its crudity is still that of childlike simplicity and tender devotion to Christ.
The author has rendered all stanzas but the fifth ("Und ob gleich alle Teufel," etc.), omitting this possibly because Wesley before him (1739) had omitted it. The stanza is not far inferior to its prototype, stanza III [197] of Luther's "Ein' feste Burg," and would seem worthy of being included. The diction of the concluding lines shows evidently the influence of [563]Wesley, who, as has been seen, departs here widely from the idea of Gerhardt. Wesley has:
Let us, in life, in death,
Thy steadfast truth declare,
And publish, with our latest breath,
Thy love and guardian care!
The Moravian version reads:
Till, and beyond death's valley
Let us thy Truth declare
Yea then emphatically
Boast of thy Guardian care.
[564]Miss Cox preserves the eight-line form and the original metre in her complete translation of the twelve stanzas. Taken as a whole her appeal is far less direct than [565]Wesley's, her sentences and the ideas contained in them being much more involved. On the other hand, in the very first quatrain her word "Trust" gives the keynote of the whole poem at once, a touch that the original certainly contains and which no other translator has successfully reproduced in the first stanza. Strophe IX which is among those passed over by Wesley finds here a good English parallel in what appears to be a well-studied rendering:
Gerhardt: Er wird zwar eine Weile
Mit seinem Trost verziehen . . .
[566]Cox: Awhile, perchance to try thee,
He seems to hear thee not,
All comfort to deny thee,
As if thou wert forgot; . . .
But undeniably the closest parallel, showing too that she was at home in both languages, is the concluding stanza. Where others fail her translation here excels in that it follows the idea which Gerhardt emphasizes throughout the poem, that of the heart trusting [198] in God:
End if thou wilt our sorrow,
And our probation close;
Till then we fain would borrow
Strength to support life's woes:
To thee our way commending,
Whose wisdom orders best,
We tread the pathway tending
To heaven's eternal rest.
Much of the native beauty and lyric grace of this charming hymn is to be found in one of the less well known translations--that of [567]Dr. John Guthrie (1869). He very appropriately designates the hymn "The Triumph of Trust," and seems to have divined Gerhardt's meaning and use of "Trost" [199] as being that comfort which has its source in Trust and Faith. Note Guthrie's treatment of this theme in stanza 2:
Trust him and soon with wonder
His goodness shalt thou see
. . . Tis faith and prayer and waiting
That draw the blessing down.
or again in stanza 8 where the true "Stimmung" is present:
Trust Him to guard and guide thee,
And bid thy troubles flee
Trust Him, whate'er betide thee . . .
Not as successful in the concluding quatrain as [568]Miss Cox, but nevertheless sensible of what Gerhardt intended to be the closing theme, as has been noted already, [569]Dr. Guthrie gives us this couplet:
That on thy care depending,
We heavenward still may go. . . .
[570]Dr. John Kelly's version adheres more closely than any other to the metre and language, but it would be impossible by this means to popularize for the English reader Gerhardt's poetry. The translator's effects are altogether too labored, as is apparent in stanza 2 where the only virtue is the very doubtful one of the retention of the feminine rhyme:
The Lord thou must repose on
If thou wouldst prosper sure,
His work must ever gaze on
If thine is to endure.
Throughout the poem occurs the same defect, a forcing of the rhyme:
evil
cavil graciously
early see misery
may we
In the last quatrain [571]Kelly fails, as do the other translators, to bring out Gerhardt's strong repetition of the dominating theme, ending with the very inferior couplet
So come we where prepar'd for
Us is our bless'd abode.
Another translation that, like Kelly's is somewhat ultra-faithful to the original metres is that of [572]Dr. A. T. Russell (1851). He has divided the hymn into three separate poems:
Part I, stanzas I, II, III, IV.
Part II, stanzas V, VI, VII, VIII.
Part III, stanzas IX, X, XI, XII.
In the very passage where others have made their poorest offering
[573]Russell has been unusually successful, namely in the last quatrain of stanza II ("Mit Sorgen und mit Grämen," etc.):
God yieldeth nought to sorrow
And self-tormenting care:
Nought, nought with Him availeth;--
No power save that of prayer.
He has obtained literality in a marked degree in the fourth stanza as a close examination will show:
Weg hast du allerwegen,
An Mitteln fehlt dirs nicht;
Dein Thun ist lauter Segen,
Dein Gang ist lauter Licht,
Dein Werk kann niemand hindern,
Dein Arbeit darf nicht ruhn,
Wann du, was deinen Kindern
Ersprieszlich ist, willst thun. Thy way is ever open;
Thou dost on nought depend;
Thine act is only blessing;
Thy path light without end,
Thy work can no man hinder,
Thy purpose none can stay,
Since Thou to bless Thy children
Through all dost make a way.
The success is plainly due to the fortunate choice of Anglo-Saxon equivalents and the coincidence of verse accent and important words. Contrast with this in [574]Miss Cox's otherwise good translation her only poor stanza, all but unintelligible to modern readers through the use of the obsolete word "let" (line 6) for "hindrance."
Stanza 4. Resources rich possessing,
That love still finds a way,
Thy every act a blessing,
Thy pathway cloudless day;
In one unbroken tissue,
Which no let e'er withstood,
It brings to happy issue
Plans for thy children's good.
It is unfortunate that a version so excellent in other respects should include this wide departure from the fervor and whole-heartedness of Gerhardt.
One final observation is interesting that in his last strophe
[575]Russell offers a compromise between [576]Wesley's interpretation and that of [577]Miss Cox:
Thy truth and Thy protection
Forevermore we pray:
With these in heavenly glory
Shall end our certain way.
This prayer for protection is closer to Gerhardt's lines and therefore better than [578]Wesley's bold paraphrase, but it falls far short of the simple and forceful conclusion of [579]Miss Cox:
To Thee our way commending,
Whose wisdom orders best,
We tread the pathway tending
To heaven's eternal rest.
__________________________________________________________________
[193] 1st ed. 1720, later eds. in 1722 and 1732. Through the kindness of the Hartford Theological Seminary Library it was the privilege of the writer to have access to the 1722 edition.
[194] Cf. p. 31.
[195] Cf. p. 124.
[196] Cf. Stanza 2. Rely on God who good is Fix on his work thy notice. Stanza 8. Sometimes he his Assistance Does not directly show. Stanza 9. When least thou hop'st that Favour He extricate thee will.
[197] Und wenn die Welt voll Teufel wär Und wollt uns gar verschlingen, etc.
[198] Lasz . . . uns . . . deiner Pflege . . . empfohlen sein (stanza XII).
[199] For a discussion of Gerhardt's use of the word "Trost" cf. p. 22. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
[580]J. C. Jacobi in Psalmodia Germanica, 1722.
I.
Commit thy Ways and Goings,
And all that grieves thy Soul,
To him, whose wisest Doings
Rule all without Controul:
He makes the Times and Seasons
Revolve from Year to Year
And knows Ways, Means, and Reasons
When Help shall best appear.
(Note: In the wording accompanying the musical score the second line reads "And all what grieves thy Soul.")
[581]J. Wesley, 1739, in the Schaff-Gilman Library of Religious Poetry.
I.
Commit thou all thy griefs
And ways into his hands,
To his sure truth and tender care,
Who earth and heaven commands.
II.
Who points the clouds their course,
Whom winds and seas obey,
He shall direct thy wandering feet,
He shall prepare thy way.
The cento given in most American hymnals:
Stanza 1. Give to the winds thy fears;
Hope, and be undismayed;
God hears thy sighs and counts thy tears;
God shall lift up thy Head.
Stanza 2. Through waves and clouds and storms,
He gently clears thy way;
Wait thou His time, so shall this night
Soon end in joyous day.
Stanza 3. What though thou rulest not,
Yet heaven and earth and hell
Proclaim, God sitteth on the throne,
And ruleth all things well.
Stanza 4. Far, far above thy thought
His counsel shall appear,
When fully He the work hath wrought
That caused thy needless fear.
In the Moravian Hymn Book, 1754 (by [582]Gambold, himself?).
Stanza 1. Commit thou thy each grievance
And Case into his Hands,
To his sure Care and guidance,
Who heav'n and earth commands:
He who's the Clouds Director,
Whom Winds and seas obey,
He'll be thy feet's Protector,
He shall prepare thy Way.
(Note: the orthography of the Moravian Hymn Book has been retained.)
[583]A. T. Russell, in his Psalms and Hymns, 1851.
Stanza 1. Thy way and all thy sorrows,
Give thou into His hand,--
His gracious care unfailing,
Who doth the heavens command.
Their course and path He giveth
To clouds and air and wind:
A way thy feet may follow,
He too for Thee will find.
[584]H. Mills, 1856, in his Horae Germanicae.
Stanza 1. Commit Thy way, confiding,
When trials here arise,
To Him whose hand is guiding
The tumults of the skies:
There, clouds and tempests raging,
Have each its path assign'd,--
Will God for thee engaging,
No way of safety find?
[585]Frances Elizabeth Cox, 1864, in the Schaff-Gilman Library of Religious Poetry.
I.
To God Thy way commending
Trust him whose arm of might,
The heavenly circles bending,
Guides every star aright:
The winds and clouds and lightning
By his sure hand are led;
And he will, dark shades brightening,
Show thee what path to tread.
[586]J. Kelly, 1867, in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs.
Stanza 1. Commit whatever grieves thee
At heart, and all thy ways,
To Him who never leaves thee,
On whom creation stays.
Who freest courses maketh
For clouds, and air, and wind,
And care who ever taketh
A path for thee to find.
[587]J. Guthrie, 1869, in his Sacred Lyrics.
Stanza 1. Commit thy way, O weeping
And care-encumbered soul,
To His all-trusty keeping,
Who guides the glowing pole.
No cloud or wind fleets o'er thee
But God directs its flow;
That God will cleave before thee
A path wherein to go.
[588]Mrs. Charles, 1858, in Bishop's Ryle's Collection of Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 1883.
Stanza 1. Commit thy way to God;
The weight which makes thee faint--
Words are to Him no load!
To Him breathe thy complaint.
He who for winds and clouds
Maketh a pathway free,
Through wastes or hostile crowds
Can make a way for thee.
__________________________________________________________________
[191] Cf. p. 4 f.
[192] cf. The Lutheran Hymnal, 1941, p. 520. __________________________________________________________________
Ist Gott für mich, so trete.--(Goed. 229.)
[Trust in God.]
Based on Romans, VIII, 31-39. Cf. Kock, IV, 457. Included in Crü. Praxis, 1656, no. 330; thence in Wackernagel: no. 63; Unv. L. S.: no.
418. Lauxmann, in Koch, VIII, 408, quotes Langbecker: "This heroic hymn of Gerhardt's is worthy to be placed side by side with Luther's 'Ein' feste Burg.'"
The poem was written undoubtedly at the time when the Elector, Frederick William of Brandenburg, Gerhardt's sovereign, threatened with his severe displeasure those of the Lutheran clergy who would not sign a declaration [200] binding them not to say anything publicly against the Reformed party. To this, most probably, the words of the thirteenth stanza refer,
Kein Zorn der groszen Fürsten
Soll mir ein Hindrung sein.
This hymn, springing from a heart full of faith and courage, has gone into the hearts of many, especially the tried and afflicted, cheering and encouraging them in the struggles of faith. The third stanza in particular has often been made a blessing:
Der Grund, da ich mich gründe,
Ist Christus und sein Blut; . . .
A pious watchman in Berlin who, when calling the hours of the night, used to sing suitable verses, once sang these lines before the house of a shoemaker, who with some friends, just then assembled late at night, was in danger of leaving the Church and setting up a self-righteous sect. The well-known words, coming so unexpectedly, had the desired effect, the shoemaker declaring to his friends, "As for me, I will rest upon that ground of Jesus and his blood, and not seek any other master." The final stanza:
Mein Herze geht in Springen
Und kann nicht traurig sein. . . .
has been the dying song of many a believing Christian.
English Versions:
1. If God be on my side.
A good translation omitting stanzas IV-VI, by [589]Miss Winkworth in her [590]Lyra Ger., 1855, p. 130. Included, abridged, in Holy Song, 1869, and the Evang. Hyl., 1880, N. Y.
Centos from this translation are:
(a) "If Jesus be my friend" (stanza I, line 5), in the Andover Sabbath H. Bk., 1858; Hatfield's Church Book, 1872, etc.
(b) "Since Jesus is my friend" (stanza I, line 5 altered), in Robinson's Songs for the Sanctuary, N. Y., 1865; Laudes Domini, 1884, etc.
(c) "Here I can firmly rest" (stanza II), in the Andover Sabbath H. Bk., 1858; Pennsylvanian Lutheran Church Book, 1868.
2. If God Himself be for me.
A good translation omitting stanzas IV-VI, X, by [591]R. Massie in his Lyra Domestica, 1864, p. 110; from this are varying centos, e. g. Laudes Domini, 1884, no. 378 beginning: "I build on this foundation" (stanza III).
3. Is God for me? I fear not.
A free but spirited version, omitting stanzas V, XI, XII, by [592]Mrs. Bevan in her Songs of Eternal Life, 1858, p. 39. This version was repeated and abridged in Snepp's Songs of Grace and Glory. In Reid's Praise Book, 1872, it appears as three hymns, the first as above; (2) "There is no condemnation" (stanza VI), and (3) "In heaven is mine inheritance" (stanza X).
4. Is God for me? t'oppose me.
In full, by [593]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 208. The Ohio Luth. Hyl. includes a part of this version, i. e. the translation of stanzas III, XIV, XV, beginning "My Faith securely buildeth."
5. Is God for me? what is it.
[594]J. C. Jacobi, 1725, p. 41 (1732, p. 139). Included in the Moravian
H. Book, 1754, and altered in Bishop Ryle's Collection, 1883. In later editions it is abridged, beginning [595]"Is God my strong salvation?"
6. The world may rise against me round.
Also "The world may fall beneath my feet," translations of stanzas I and XIII, by Mrs. Stanley Carr in her translation of Wildenhahn's Paul Gerhardt, 1845 (1856, p. 173).
7. If Christ is mine, then all is mine.
A hymn of three stanzas in [596]M. W. Stryker's Church Praise Book, 1884, no. 485, marked "[597]Benjamin Beddome 1776." Another cento is given in Bishop Ryle's Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 1883, p. 71.
"If God is mine, then present things." __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
The earliest accessible English version is that of [598]Jacobi, 1725, printed in the 1754 Moravian Hymn Book. The translations by this author are usually very crude and painfully laborious, but in the present case, with a few notable exceptions, he has very well caught the ring and spirit of Gerhardt. Later compilers and publishers of hymns would of course omit the lines:
"His Grace has cleansed and polished
My humble Soul within." (stanza 5.)
and
"All this I have digested." (stanza 12.)
Like many of the early translators of German hymns [599]Jacobi is guilty of frequent imperfect rhymes:
Merit
spirit stanza 4 spectre
conjecture stanza 14 alone
begun stanza 15
If we overlook these defects the version is one of the best that has appeared so far in English or American hymnals and considerably above the standard [201] of the Moravian hymns of the early eighteenth century. The following lines offer a very true counterpart of the German:
"All woes give way and flee," line 4. "And that in Change and Chances He stands at my right hand." lines 13, 14. "The ground of my possession Is Jesus and his Blood." lines 17, 18. "Should Earth lose its foundation Thou stand'st my lasting Rock." lines 97, 98.
Bishop Ryle in taking over this version into his Hymns and Spiritual Songs has made a number of alterations, presenting a cento of four stanzas. His stanza 3, for example, is a combination of [600]Jacobi's last quatrain of stanza 9 and first quatrain of stanza 10:
Ryle (stanza 3). [601]Jacobi (stanza 9).
For me there is provided
A city fair and new;
To it I shall be guided,--
Jerusalem the true! And how he hath provided
A city new and fair
Where things, our Faith did credit
Shall to our eyes appear.
(stanza 10.)
My portion there is lying,
A destined Canaan lot;
Though I am daily dying,
My Canaan withers not. My portion there is lying
A destin'd Canaan-lot
Tho' I am daily dying,
My Heaven withers not.
American congregations are familiar with the hymn:
Since
(If) Jesus is
(be) my friend
And I to him belong . . .
It is often called "The Rest of Faith," and is a cento of [602]Miss Winkworth's very excellent [603]version. Although she has not preserved the metre of the poem Miss Winkworth has thoroughly caught its spirit even imitating in the widely known last stanza [202] the sound sequence and alliteration:
My heart for gladness springs,
It cannot more be sad,
For very joy it laughs and sings,
Sees nought but sunshine glad.
The sun that glads mine eyes
Is Christ the Lord I love,
I sing for joy of that which lies
Stored up for us above.
For free adaptations from this hymn cf. [604]pp. 139 and 136. __________________________________________________________________
[201] Cf. pp. 30 and 71.
[202] Cf. p. 127. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas:
[605]J. C. Jacobi (1725) in the Moravian Hymn Book (ed. 1754).
Stanza 1. Is God for me, what is it
That Men can do to me?
Oft as my God I visit,
All woes give way and flee.
[203] If God my Head and Master
Defend me from above,
What pain or what disaster
Can drive me from his Love?
[606]B. Beddome, 1776, in Bishop Ryle's Hymns and Spiritual Songs.
Stanza 1. If God is mine, then present things
And things to come are mine;
Yes Christ, His Word, and Spirit too,
And glory all divine.
3. If He is mine, I need not fear
The rage of earth and hell;
He will support my feeble power
And every foe repel.
[607]Miss Winkworth in her [608]Lyra Germanica, 1855, p. 130.
Stanza 1. If God be on my side,
Then let who will oppose
For oft ere now to Him I cried
And He hath quelled my foes.
If Jesus be my Friend,
If God doth love me well,
What matters all my foes intend,
Though strong they be and fell?
Here I can firmly rest,
I dare to boast of this,
That God the Highest and the Best,
My Friend and Father is.
From dangerous snares He saves,
Where'er He bids me go
He checks the storms and calms the waves,
Nor lets aught work me woe.
I rest upon the ground
Of Jesus and His blood,
For 'tis through Him that I have found
The True Eternal God.
Nought have I of mine own,
Nought in the life I lead,
What Christ hath given me, that alone
Is worth all love indeed.
His spirit in me dwells,
O'er all my mind He reigns,
All care and sadness He dispels,
And soothes away all pains.
He prospers day by day
His work within my heart,
Till I have strength and faith to say,
Thou God my Father art!
When weakness on me lies,
And tempts me to despair,
He speaketh words and utters sighs
Of more than mortal prayer;
But what no tongue can tell,
Thou God canst hear and see,
Who readest in the heart full well
If aught there pleaseth Thee. etc.
[609]Mrs. Bevan, 1858, in Snepp's Songs of Grace and Glory, 1872 (abridged version).
Stanza 11. Is God for me? I fear not, though all against me rise; When I call on Christ my Savior, the host of evil flies; My Friend--the Lord Almighty, and He who loves me--God, What enemy shall harm me, though coming as a flood? I know it, I believe it, I say it fearlessly, That God, the Highest, Mightiest, forever loveth me! At all times, in all places, He standeth by my side; He rules the battle fury, the tempest and the tide.
[610]J. Kelly, 1867, in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs.
A SONG OF CHRISTIAN CONSOLATION AND JOY.
Stanza 1. Is God for me? t'oppose me
A thousand may uprise;
When I to pray'r arouse me,
He'll chase mine enemies.
And doth the Head befriend me,
Am I belov'd by God?
Let foes then rise to rend me,
The wild opposing brood!
__________________________________________________________________
[203] In Bishop Ryle's collection the quatrain reads: If God be my salvation, My refuge in distress What earthly tribulation Can shake my inward peace? __________________________________________________________________
[200] Cf. p. 4. __________________________________________________________________
Geh aus, mein Herz, und suche Freud--(Goed. 239.) [204]
This beautiful poem of thanksgiving for the divine goodness in the gift of the delights of summer and of anticipation of the joys of Paradise appeared in the 1656 ed. of Crü. Praxis, no. 412, in 15 stanzas of 6 lines. It was also printed in H. Müller's Geistliche Seelenmusik, 1659, and included in Wackernagel: no. 103; Bachmann: no. 85; Unv. L. S.: 1851, no. 732. Cf. Koch, IV, 591; VIII, 141. Like Luther, who fondly loved nature and admired its beauties, Gerhardt showed himself in this inspiring poem a real lover of God's creation.
English Versions:
1. Go forth, my heart, and seek delight.
A good translation omitting stanza XIV, by [611]Miss Winkworth, in the First Series of her [612]Lyra Ger., 1855, p. 136. Her translation of stanzas VIII-XI, beginning "Thy mighty working, mighty God," was included in the American Sabbath Hymn Book, 1858, and repeated in Boardman's Collection, Philadelphia, 1861.
2. The golden corn now waxes strong.
A good translation beginning with stanza VII, contributed by [613]R. Massie to the 1857 ed. of Mercer's C. P. and H. Bk., no. 463 (1864, no. 500). In the Appendix to the Second Series of Lyra Domestica Mr. Massie reprinted his translation at page 102, and prefixed a version of stanzas I-VI, beginning "Go forth, my heart, nor linger here." In this form it appeared in full in Reid's Praise Book, 1872.
3. Come forth, my heart, and seek delight.
[614]Miss Cox, 1841 and 1864.
4. Go forth, my heart, and revel in joy's flow.
Also "And oft I think, if e'en earth's sin-stained ground," a translation of stanzas I, IX, by Mrs. Stanley Carr in her translation of Wildenhahn's Paul Gerhardt, 1845 and 1856.
5. Go forth, my heart, and seek for praise.
[615]Dr. J. W. Alexander, in Schaff's Kirchenfreund, 1849, p. 419; reprinted in his work The Breaking Crucible, N. Y., 1861, p. 15.
6. Go out, my heart, and pleasure seek.
[616]Miss Manington, 1863, p. 164.
7. Go forth, my Heart! the year's sweet prime.
[617]E. Massie, 1866, p. 36.
8. Go forth, my heart, and seek delight,
In this summer.
[618]J. Kelly, 1867, p. 289.
9. Go forth, my heart, and seek the bliss.
Mrs. E. L. Follen, in her Lark and Linnet, 854, p. 30.
10. Go out, my heart, and seek delight.
A good translation omitting stanzas IV, V, VI, and XIV, by Miss Margarete Münsterberg, in her Harvest of German Verse, 1916. __________________________________________________________________
Commentary
None of Gerhardt's poetry has so well lent itself to English words as this hymn of praise for God's goodness and of contemplation of the joys in the next world, and the translators have without exception reproduced most successfully the exquisite feeling for nature which Gerhardt manifests, whether he be singing of forest and brook, or of flowers and fields. Only [619]Miss Winkworth and [620]Dr. Alexander of the four or five prominent translators omit stanza XIV, and they do so apparently on the ground that it contains a complexity of figures.
[621]Dr. Massie whose version except for the last stanza has more truly poetic lines than any other offers this paraphrase:
Make for thy spirit ample room,
That thus I may forever bloom.
Like plants which root have taken:
Oh let me in thy garden be
A flourishing and righteous tree,
Which never shall be shaken.
So well have all the translators succeeded that it would be perhaps merely a matter of individual taste as to which of the many excellent lines are deserving of highest praise. Of stanza III [622]Dr. Massie's verses are both more literal and harmonious than the others. Gerhardt sings:
Die Lerche schwingt sich in die Luft,
Das Täublein fleugt aus seiner Kluft
Und macht sich in die Wälder.
[623]Dr. Massie interprets:
The lark mounts singing to the skies:
The dove forsakes her clefts, and flies
To shady groves and alleys.
[624]Miss Winkworth:
The lark soars singing into space,
The dove forsakes her hiding-place,
And coos the woods among.
[625]Dr. Kelly:
The lark aspiring soars on high,
Flies from her cleft the dove so shy,
And seeks the woodland shadow.
[626]Dr. Alexander:
The lark floats high before the breeze,
The dove toward the forest-trees
From covert speeds along.
This last version is marred by the accent's falling on the unstressed syllable of "toward" in line 2. Several of our American hymnals contain the cento of four stanzas from [627]Miss Winkworth's [628]version (Gerhardt stanzas VIII-XI incl.) whose ring gives the freshness appropriate in an outdoor hymn of Spring and Summer. __________________________________________________________________
Selected Stanzas
[629]C. Winkworth, 1855, in her [630]Lyra Germanica.
Stanza 1. Go forth my heart and seek delight
In all the gifts of God's great might,
These pleasant summer hours:
Look how the plains for thee and me
Have deck'd themselves most fair to see
All bright and sweet with flowers.
8. Thy mighty working, mighty God,
Wakes all my pow'rs; I look abroad,
And can no longer rest;
I, too, must sing when all things sing,
And from my heart the praises ring,
The Highest loveth best.
9. If Thou in Thy great love to us,
Wilt scatter joy and beauty thus
O'er this poor earth of ours;
What nobler glories shall be given
Hereafter in Thy shining heaven
Set round with golden towers!
10. What thrilling joy, when on our sight
Christ's garden beams in cloudless light
And rings with God's high praise;
Where all the thousand seraphim
In one accordant voice and hymn
Their Alleluia raise!
11. O, were I there! oh, that I now
Before Thy throne, my God, could bow,
And bear my heavenly palm!
Then, like the angels would I raise
My voice, and sing thine endless praise
In many a sweet-toned psalm.
[631]J. W. Alexander, 1849, in the Schaff-Gilman Library of Religious Poetry.
Stanza 1. Go forth, my heart, and seek for praise,
On these delightsome summer days,
In what thy God bestows!
How rich the garden's beauties be,
How lavishly for me and thee
It doth its charms disclose!
[632]R. Massie, 1863, in the Schaff-Gilman Library of Religious Poetry.
Stanza 1. Go forth, my heart, nor linger here
In this sweet season of the year,
When God his gifts dispenses;
See how the gardens in their best
For you and me are gayly drest,
And ravish all the senses!
[633]J. Kelly, 1867, in his Paul Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs.
Stanza 1. Go forth, my heart, and seek delight
In this summer time so bright,
The bounties God displayeth,
The garden's splendour go and see
Behold how God for me and thee
Them gorgeously arrayeth.
Miss Margarete Münsterberg, in her Harvest of German Verse, 1916.
Stanza 1. Go out, my heart, and seek delight,
In this dear summer time so bright,
In God's abundance daily;
The beauty of these gardens see,
And look, how they for me and thee
Have decked themselves so gaily.
__________________________________________________________________
[204] Cf. Friedrich von Spee's hymn: "Der trübe Winter ist vorbei"; also the Volkslied: "Herzlich tut mich erfreuen Die fröhlich Sommerzeit." and B. Ringwald's "Gottlob, es ist vorhanden die frölich Sommerzeit." __________________________________________________________________
[120] Cf. p. 27 and note.
[121] The hymns selected for discussion with their respective English versions are arranged according to the sequence in the Goedeke text (Gedichte von Paulus Gerhardt, Leipzig 1877). The ten most widely translated hymns (nos. 25, 49, 59, 60, 68, 122, 150, 185, 229, 239) and hymns showing adaptations are treated in a separate part of this chapter, pp. 82 ff. In some instances specimen stanzas selected from the English versions have been added for comparison or reference. __________________________________________________________________
Many hymn writers since Gerhardt have drawn from the same scriptural sources as he, and it would be presumption to attempt to prove that all these had received any direct impulse from his verses; yet it must be realized that it is to a certain extent impossible that the conceptions of the hymn writers of one age should remain inseparable from the ideas of later poets. Bayard Taylor, in speaking about what he calls "intellectual genealogies in literature," says: "Most authors may be shown to be not imitators, but the spiritual descendants of others, inheriting more or less of their natures."Studies in German Literature,
1879. In the pages which follow are cited some hymns containing phrases thoroughly suggestive of Gerhardt's lines which will contribute evidence in addition to that already adduced to show the prominent place his works hold as influencing English hymn writing.
HYMNS SHOWING ADAPTATIONS OF IDEAS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM GERHARDT'S POEMS. __________________________________________________________________
Charles Wesley
(a) [634]C. Wesley in Hymns and Sacred Poems, 1742, [635]p. 124. (Cf. Job. XIX,25-27.) Gerhardt ([636]Goed. 331.) [205] Stanza 1. line I know that my Redeemer lives: I. Ich weisz, dasz mein Erlöser lebt: 1 He lives, and on the Earth shall stand, Er lebt . . . 3 Er lebt fürwahr, der starke Held, 5 And tho' to Worms my Flesh he gives Das Fleisch . . . 30 Wird . . . 31 zerbrochen . . . 32 My Dust lies numbered in His Hand. von Maden . . . 33 Stanza 2. In This Reanimated Clay So wird er mich doch aus der Erd 17 I surely shall behold Him near, Hernachmals auferwecken; 18 Shall see Him at the Latter Day Ich selber werd in seinem Licht 50 Ihn sehn und mich erquicken; 51 Mein Auge wird sein Angesicht 52 In all His Majesty appear. Mit groszer Lust erblicken; 53 Stanza 3. I feel what then shall raise me up, Er wird mich reiszen aus dem Grab 19 Th' Eternal Spirit lives in me, Sein Geist wohnt mir im Herzen (no. 229, 49) This is my Confidence of Hope cf. above no. 331, 52, 53 That God I Face to Face shall see. __________________________________________________________________
(b) [637]C. Wesley in Hymns and Sacred Poems, [638]p. 180. ([639]Goed. 331.) Stanza 1. I know that my Redeemer lives Ich weisz, dasz mein Erlöser lebt. And ever prays for me Stanza 13. With me, I know, Thy Spirit dwells, Sein Geist wohnt mir im Herzen (cf. Wesley, p. 124, stanza 3, line 2 above.) (no. 229, 49) Stanza 15. Jesu, I hang upon Thy Word, Das hab ich je und je gegläubt (no. 331, 43 ff.) I stedfastly believe Und fasz ein fest Vertrauen, Thou wilt return, and claim me, Lord, Ich werde den, der ewig bleibt And to Thyself receive. In meinem Fleische schauen; Cf. also stanza 23. Lord, I believe, and rest secure In Confidence Divine. . . . __________________________________________________________________
(c) [640]C. Wesley, in Hymns and Sacred Poems, [641]p. 217. ([642]Goed. 263.) [206]
1. Jesu, my Savior, Brother, Friend 1. Jesu, allerliebster Bruder, On whom I cast my every Care, Ders am besten mit mir meint, On whom for all things I depend, Du mein Anker, Mast und Ruder Inspire, and then accept my Prayer, Und mein treuster Herzensfreund;
13. Here let my Soul's sure anchor be Du mein Anker, Mast und Ruder. Here let me fix my wishful Eyes, Cf. line 3 above. __________________________________________________________________
(d) [643]C. Wesley in Hymns and Sacred Poems, [644]p. 146. ([645]Goed. 229.) [207] Stanza 1. Jesu, my Strength, my Hope, Ist Gott für mich, so trete 1 (Cf. lines 1, 2.) Gleich alles wider mich; 2 On Thee I cast my Care, Nun weisz und gläub ich feste 9 (Cf. lines 51, 52.) Dasz Gott, der Höchst und Beste 11 With humble Confidence look up Mir gänzlich günstig sei, 12 (Cf. line 9.) (Sein Geist) Vertreibet Sorg und Schmerzen 51 And know Thou hearst my Prayer. Nimmt allen Kummer hin 52 __________________________________________________________________
(e) [646]C. Wesley in Wesleyan Hymn Book, 1780, [647]no. 367. ([648]Goed. 111.) [208] O come and dwell in me, Zeuch ein zu deinen Thoren, Spirit of power within Sei meines Herzens Gast, And bring thy glorious liberty O hochgeliebter Geist. 5 From sorrow, fear and sin! The inward, deep disease Zeuch ein, lasz mich empfinden 9 ff. Spirit of health remove Und schmecken deine Kraft, Spirit of perfect holiness Die Kraft, die uns von Sünden Spirit of perfect love. Hülf und Errettung schafft. Entsündige meinen Sinn. . . . That blessed law of thine Du bist ein Geist, der lehret 33 Father, to me, impart; Wie man recht beten soll. The Spirit's law of life divine,-- O write it in my heart. Thy nature be my law Erfülle die Gemüter 105 Thy spotless sanctity Mit reiner Glaubenszier Gib Freudigkeit und Stärke And sweetly every moment draw zu stehen in dem Streit Richt unser ganzes Leben 121 Allzeit nach deinem Sinn. So hilf uns Frölich sterben 126 My happy soul to Thee! Und nach dem Tod ererben Des ewgen Lebens Haus. __________________________________________________________________
(f) [649]C. Wesley in Pilgrim Hymnal, [650]no. 96. ([651]Goed. 111.) From our fears and sins release us Entsündige meinen Sinn 13 Israel's strength and consolation Du bist ein Geist der Freuden 41 ff. . . . Joy of every loving heart. . . . Erleuchtest uns in Leiden Mit deines Trostes Licht. Born to reign in us forever Du, Herr, hast selbst in Händen 56 ff. Now thy gracious kingdom bring. Die ganze weite Welt, . . . So gib doch deine Gnad; __________________________________________________________________
[205] Cf. p. 81.
[206] Cf. p. 72.
[207] Cf. p. 126.
[208] Cf. p. 52. __________________________________________________________________
A. T. Russell
In his Psalms and Hymns, 1851, [652]Rev. A. T. Russell includes a group of hymns entitled "The Sufferings of Our Lord." One of them, no. 94, of three stanzas, bears such a striking resemblance to Gerhardt's "[653]O Welt, sich hier dein Leben" [209] that we should be inclined to trace its source to this hymn, though it is signed merely with the author's initials A. T. R. and is offered as original:
[654]Russell (stanza 1). Gerhardt (stanza 1). O World, behold Him dying O Welt, sich hier dein Leben Who is thy life supplying; Am Stamm des Kreuzes schweben! Behold! He dies for Thee: Dein Heil sinkt in den Tod! He who in glory reigneth, Der grosze Fürst der Ehren No scorn, no shame disdaineth, Läszt willig sich beschweren From endless death my soul to free. Mit Schlägen, Hohn und groszen Spott. Stanza 2. Now from my Savior floweth Tritt her und schau mit Fleisze: The blood His love bestoweth Sein Leib ist ganz mit Schweisze On us that we may live! Des Blutes überfüllt; What grief His spirit rendeth! Aus seinem edlen Herzen Whilst thus He condescendeth Vor unerschöpften Schmerzen His life for us His foes to give. Ein Seufzer nach dem andern quillt.
Although its second and third lines are taken directly from the Bible, yet stanza 3 as a whole appears to be influenced by the thoughts in Gerhardt's stanzas VIII and III. Line 5 might well be regarded as a condensation of the repeated ideas of confession and repentance in Gerhardt's strophes. (Cf. line 19 "ich und meine Sünden"; line 25 "ich sollte büszen").
[655]Russell (stanza 3). Gerhardt. (Lines 43-45.) Of His own will He dieth, Du springst ins Todes Rachen, Who to His Father crieth, Mich frei und los zu machen "O Father! mercy show:" Von solchem Ungeheur (Lines 16 and 17.) Come, children of transgression Du bist ja nicht ein Sünder To Jesus make confession; Wie wir und unsre Kinder (Line 48.) Your all to His great love you owe. O unerhörtes Liebesfeur! __________________________________________________________________
[209] Cf. p. 42. __________________________________________________________________
Maltbie D. Babcock
A hymn by Dr. Maltbie D. Babcock which has been included in several American hymnals would indicate that while the author may have had before him only the scriptural passage from the Psalms [210] as he composed his verses, yet because of the marked similarity of phraseology Gerhardt's hymn "[656]Befiehl du deine Wege" must have been more or less familiar to him through the version of [657]Wesley or another translator.
Rest in the Lord, my soul Befiehl du deine Wege Commit to him thy way Und was dein Herze kränkt What to thy sight seems dark as night To him is bright as day. (Lines 9-12.) Rest in the Lord, my soul Dem Herren muszt du trauen, He planned for thee thy life Wenn dirs soll wolergehen; Brings fruit from rain brings good from pain Auf sein Werk muszt du schauen, And peace and joy from strife. Wenn dein Werk soll bestehn. (Lines 41-48.) Rest in the Lord, my soul: Hoff, o du arme Seele, This fretting weakens Thee; Hoff und sei unverzagt Gott wird dich aus der Höle, Why not be still? accept his will Da dich der Kummer plagt, Mit groszen Gnaden rücken: Erwarte nur die Zeit, Thou shalt his glory see. So wirst du schon erblicken Die Sonn der schönsten Freud. Maltbie D. Babcock, in the Pilgrim Hymnal, 1912. __________________________________________________________________
[210] Cf. Psalm XXXVII, 5-7, "Commit thy way unto the Lord . . . Rest in the Lord." Cf. p. 114 ff. __________________________________________________________________
James Montgomery
[658]Wesley's adaptation [211] of the thought in "[659]Ist Gott für mich, so trete" is but one of many sacred poems that treat this theme of the Christian's Hope. A hymn [212] now familiar to many congregations written by [660]James Montgomery [213] in 1872 and avowedly based on Psalm XXVII [214] bears so strong a resemblance to this poem of Gerhardt's that two stanzas are here cited to show first the similarity of treatment of the general subject of Faith in the Power of God, and particularly the marked traces of Gerhardt's influence upon the English verses.
Gerhardt ([661]Goed. 229). [215]
1. God is my strong salvation: Ist Gott für mich, so trete 1 What foe have I to fear? Gleich alles wider mich; 2 In darkness and temptation Was kann mir tun der Feinde 7 Und Widersacher Rott? 8 My light, my help, is near. Mein Glanz und schönes Licht 26 Though hosts encamp around me Ist Gott für mich, so trete 1 Firm to the fight I stand, Gleich alles wider mich 2 What terror can confound me With God at my right hand? Und bin geliebt bei Gott 6
2. Place on the Lord reliance Nun weisz und gläub ich feste, 9 My soul with courage wait . . . dasz ich finde 19 His truth be thine affiance, Das ewge wahre Gut 20 When faint and desolate. Wenn ich gleich fall und sterbe 75 His might thine heart shall strengthen Sein Geist spricht meinem Geiste His love thy joy increase Manch süszes Trostwort zu: Mercy thy days shall lengthen The Lord will give thee peace.
[662]James Montgomery, in his Songs of Zion, 1822. __________________________________________________________________
[211] Cf. p. 136.
[212] [Quoted here in full.]
[213] Cf. p. 32.
[214] "The Lord is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear?"
[215] Cf. p. 126. __________________________________________________________________
Sarah Flower Adams
With less direct influence than appears in the hymns hitherto mentioned, yet showing much of the spirit of "[663]Auf den Nebel folgt die Sonne" [216] is Sarah Flower Adams' hymn, "He sendeth sun, he sendeth shower." The final line of each stanza introducing the theme of Resignation to God's Will may well have been suggested by the refrain "Was Gott gefällt." [217]
He sendeth sun, he sendeth shower, Auf den Nebel folgt die Sonne 1 Alike they're needful for the flower; Auf das Trauren Freud und Wonne 2 And joys and tears alike are sent Trost und Labsal, . . Meine Seele . . . steigt 4, 5 To give the soul fit nourishment: Hat mir meinen Geist erquickt, 9 As comes to me or cloud or sun, Father, thy will, not mine, be done!
Can loving children e'er reprove Gott Läszt keinen traurig stehn 50 With murmurs whom they trust and love? Der sich Ihm zu eigen schenkt 52 Creator, I would ever be Und Ihn in sein Herze senkt; 53 A trusting, loving child to thee: Wer auf Gott seine Hoffnung setzt 54 As comes to me or cloud or sun, Father, thy will, not mine, be done!
Oh, ne'er will I at life repine; Nu, so lang ich in der Welt 85 Enough that thou hast made it mine; Haben werde Haus und Zelt 86 . . . Ich will all mein Leben lang 89 When falls the shadow cold of death, . . . Hiefür bringen Lob und Dank. 91 I yet will sing with parting breath Ich will gehn in Angst und Not 99 Ich will gehn bis in den Tod 100 As comes to me or shade or sun, Ich will gehn ins Grab hinein 101 Father, thy will, not mine, be done. Und doch alIzeit frölich sein 102 Sarah Flower Adams, 1841, in the Schaff-Gilman Lib. of Rel. Poetry. __________________________________________________________________
[216] Cf. p. 68.
[217] Cf. p. 56. __________________________________________________________________
Various authors and 'Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden'
A very familiar hymn in English-speaking countries is Thomas Rawson Taylor's "I'm but a stranger here" written in 1834. It was published in 1836 in his Memoirs and Select Remains, and headed "Heaven is my home. Air--'Robin Adair.'" In America it is usually sung to Arthur S. Sullivan's "Saint's Rest." The hymn so closely resembles Gerhardt's lines in "[664]Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden" [218] that the parallels are given below:
1. I'm but a stranger here; Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden 1 Earth is a desert drear, Heaven is my home. Was ist mein ganzes Wesen 9 Danger and sorrow stand Als Müh und Not gewesen 11 Round me on every hand, Heaven is my fatherland, Da ist mein Vaterland 4 Heaven is my home.
2. What though the tempests rage, Mich hat auf meinen Wegen 17 Short is my pilgrimage, Manch harter Sturm erschreckt; 18 Heaven is my home. Blitz, Donner, Wind und Regen 19 And time's wild wintry blast Hat mir manch Angst erweckt; 20 Soon will be overpast, So will ich swar nun treiben 57 I shall reach home at last Mein Leben durch die Welt 58 Doch denk ich nicht zu bleiben 59 Heaven is my home. In diesem fremden Zelt. 60
3. There at my Savior's side, Mein Heimat ist dort droben, 65 I shall be glorified, Da aller Engel Schaar 66 Den groszen Herrscher loben 67 Heaven is my home, Die frommen heilgen Seelen 41 Die giengen fort und fort 42 There with the good and blest Da will ich immer wohnen, 105 Those I loved most and best, Bei denen, die mit Kronen 107 I shall forever rest; Du ausgeschmücket hast 108 Da will ich . . . 109 Heaven is my home. In meinern Erbteil ruhn. 112
4. Therefore I'll murmur not, Hab ich doch müszen leiden 23
Und tragen mit Geduld, 24
Whate'er my earthly lot, Es musz ja durchgedrungen 53
Es musz gelitten sein; 54
Heaven is my home. So will ich zwar nun treiben 57
Mein Leben durch die Welt. 58
For I shall surely stand
There at my Lord's right hand;-- Cf. lines 105-112, above, quoted opp.
stanza 3.
Heaven is my fatherland,
Heaven is my home.
Other similarities to "Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden" are:
(a) "The Pilgrim," by Sarah H. Palfrey, in the Schaff-Gilman Lib. Rel. Poetry.
A Pilgrim am I on my way
To seek and find the Holy Land . . .
This poem would perhaps bear but slight resemblance to Gerhardt's were it not for the final stanza where the element of joy is introduced:
While Joy shall spring
With me through heaven's straight door.
These lines are certainly suggestive of Gerhardt's words in his stanza XIII:
Du aber, meine Freude . . . du zeuchst mich . . .
Ins Haus der ewgen Wonne.
(b) "The Pilgrim's song," by H. F. Lyte, in his Poems chiefly Religious, 1833 and 1845,
Stanza 1. My rest is in heaven; my rest is not here; Then why should I murmur when trials are near? Be hushed, my dark spirit! the worst that can come But shortens thy journey, and hastens thee home.
2. It is not for me to be seeking my bliss And building my hopes in a region like this: I look for a city which hands have not piled; I pant for a country by sin undefiled. . . .
4. Afflictions may damp me, they cannot destroy; One glimpse of thy love turns them all into joy: . . .
5. Let doubt then, and danger, my progress oppose; They only make heaven more sweet at the close. . . .
6. A scrip on my back, and a staff in my hand, I march on in haste through an enemy's land: The road may be rough, but it cannot be long; And I'll smooth it with hope and I'll cheer it with song.
Although Lyte based his hymn on Hebrews IV, 9, "There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God," he treats in his concluding stanza the additional theme of hope and cheer which, as has been seen,
[219] was a constant and favorite topic with Gerhardt. Since this
reason to assume that from the striking similarity of language of the two hymns Lyte was influenced by Gerhardt's "Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden." Especially in stanza VII is the likeness most noticeable:
So will ich zwar nun treiben
Mein Leben durch die Welt,
Doch denk ich nicht zu bleiben
In diesem fremden Zelt. (Cf. Lyte stanza 6.)
Ich wandre meine Straszen,
Die zu der Heimat führt, (Cf. Lyte stanza 1.)
Da mich ohn alle Maszen
Mein Vater trösten wird. (Cf. Lyte stanza 5.)
(c) "In exile here we wander," by W. Cooke. [Septuagesima.] This hymn appeared in the Hymnary, 1872, under the signature "A. C. C." (i. e., "A Canon of Chester"), and is definitely known to have been suggested to Canon Cooke by Gerhardt's hymn. In [665]Thring's Collection, 1882, stanza III, lines 4-8 is altered to:
And we shall rise in that great day In bodies like to Thine And with Thy saints in bright array, (Cf. lines 65, 66.) Shall in Thy glory shine. (Cf. line 104.) __________________________________________________________________
[218] Cf. p. 74.
[219] Cf. p. 22. __________________________________________________________________
Summary
There are of course numerous adaptations of Gerhardt's work which have less merit than those which have been mentioned, but it would be beyond the scope of this thesis to discuss them. From our consideration up to this point we may draw the following conclusions: many translators have taken the liberty of altering the original versions thereby injuring perhaps just those hymns possessed of the greatest warmth and vigor and have in this way prevented our poet from being more fully acknowledged; at the same time the best of his hymns as devotional lyrics with a pathos and sympathy which are exceptionally beautiful and powerful have become naturalized in English-speaking countries by the really good translations and will always serve to enkindle devotion and strengthen grace in the true Christian worshipper.
FINIS. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX __________________________________________________________________
SHORT BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF TRANSLATORS
[666]Alexander, James Waddell
[667]Beddome, Benjamin
[668]Bevan, Emma Frances
[669]Borthwick, Jane
[670]Buckoll, Henry James
[671]Burns, James Drummond
[672]Charles, Elizabeth
[673]Cox, Frances Elizabeth
[674]Dunn, Catherine Hannah
[675]Findlater, Mrs. (Sarah Borthwick)
[676]Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon
[677]Gambold, John
[678]Guthrie, John
[679]Jackson, Samuel Macauley
[680]Jacobi, John Christian
[681]Kelly, John
[682]Kennedy, Benjamin Hall
[683]Manington, Alice
[684]Massie, Edward
[685]Massie, Richard
[686]Mills, Henry
[687]Molther, Philipp Heinrich
[688]Montgomery, James
[689]Russell, Arthur Tozer
[690]Stallybrass, James Steven
[691]Stryker, Melancthon Woolsey
[692]Thring, Edward
[693]Warner, Anna
[694]Wesley, Charles
[695]Wesley, John
[696]Winkworth, Catherine
__________________________________________________________________
Alexander, James Waddell
Alexander, James Waddell, D.D., born 1804, graduated at Princeton, 1820, and was successively Professor of Rhetoric at Princeton, Pastor in New York, Professor of Church History, Princeton, and Pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York. He died in 1859. His works include some translations published about two years after his death, under the title The Breaking Crucible and other Translations. Of these translations the most noted is "O Sacred Head now Wounded." He has translated nos. [697]25, [698]49, [699]239. [220] __________________________________________________________________
[220] The numbers refer to the page on which the poem begins in the Goedeke text. __________________________________________________________________
Beddome, Benjamin
Beddome, Benjamin, M.A. This prolific hymn writer was born at Henley-in-Arden, Warwickshire, January 23, 1717, where his father was at that time Baptist minister. He was apprenticed to a surgeon in Bristol, but removing to London, he joined in 1739 the Baptist Church, and became one of the most respected Baptist ministers in England. In 1770 he received the degree of M.A. from Rhode Island College, [221] Providence. He died September 3, 1795. It was his practice to prepare a hymn every week to be sung after his Sunday morning sermon. Many of these found their way into the General Baptist Hymn Book of 1793, and other collections. His popularity is now mainly in America. He has translated no. [700]229. __________________________________________________________________
[221] The early name of Brown University. __________________________________________________________________
Bevan, Emma Frances
Bevan, Emma Frances, née Shuttleworth, born at Oxford, 1827. Mrs. Bevan published in 1858 a series of translations from the German as Songs of Eternal Life (London) which are above the average in merit. She has translated nos. [701]185 and [702]229. __________________________________________________________________
Borthwick, Jane
Borthwick, Jane, born 1813 at Edinburgh. Together with her sister,
[703]Mrs. Findlater, she translated from the German Hymns from the Land of Luther in four series. These translations have attained great success and hardly a hymnal in England or America has appeared without containing some of them. Under the signature of "H. L. L." Miss Borthwick has written various prose works and contributed many original poems to the Family Treasury and to other collections. She has translated nos. [704]185 and [705]284. __________________________________________________________________
Buckoll, Henry James
Buckoll, Henry James, M.A., born 1803. He was educated at Rugby and Queen's College, Oxford, graduating in 1826. He took Holy Orders in 1827 and died at Rugby in 1871. In 1839 he edited a Collection of Hymns for the Rugby Parish Church, and in 1850 compiled a new edition of the Collection for the Rugby School Chapel. That collection contains 14 of his hymns, a few of which were translations from the Latin and German. His Hymns translated from the German was published 1832. He has translated nos. [706]59, [707]60, [708]106. __________________________________________________________________
Burns, James Drummond
Burns, James Drummond, M.A., born at Edinburgh, 1823, and educated at Edinburgh University. In 1855 he became minister of Hampstead Presbyterian Church, London. He died in 1864. Among his hymns which have become widely popular are 39 translations from the German which appeared in the Family Treasury. They are rendered exactly in the meters of the originals and many had not previously been translated. He has translated no. [709]71. __________________________________________________________________
Charles, Elizabeth
Charles, Elizabeth, née Rundle, born in Devonshire, the author of numerous and popular works on the early Christian life in Great Britain, of Luther and his times and of Wesley and his work. She has made some valuable contributions to hymnody, including original hymns and translations from the Latin and German. They appeared in The Voice of Christian Life in Song, 1858. She has translated nos. [710]68,
[711]142, [712]185. __________________________________________________________________
Cox, Frances Elizabeth
Cox, Frances Elizabeth, born at Oxford, well known as the translator of hymns from the German. Her translations were published as Sacred Hymns from the German, London, 1st ed., 1841, containing 49 translations printed with the original text together with biographical notes on the German authors. In the 2d ed., 1864, the number was increased to 56. She has translated nos. [713]60, [714]67, [715]68, [716]111, [717]118,
[718]150, [719]185, [720]239, [721]293. __________________________________________________________________
Dunn, Catherine Hannah
Dunn, Catherine Hannah, born at Nottingham, England, 1815, died 1863. In 1857 she published a little volume of 36 Hymns from the German. She has translated nos. [722]49, [723]60, [724]68, [725]89, [726]111,
[727]139, [728]185, [729]293. __________________________________________________________________
Findlater, Mrs. (Sarah Borthwick)
Findlater, Mrs. (Sarah Borthwick) born 1823, sister of [730]Miss Jane Borthwick. She has translated nos. [731]60, [732]89, [733]139. __________________________________________________________________
Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon
Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon, D.D., born at Boston, 1793, and graduated at Harvard, 1811, where he was also sometime Tutor. From 1815 to 1850 he was Pastor of the First Church (Unitarian), Boston. He died in 1870. His Metrical Pieces were published in 1855 and 1870. He has translated nos. [734]59, [735]74, [736]122, [737]155, [738]185,
[739]274. __________________________________________________________________
Gambold, John
Gambold, John, M.A., was born 1711, graduated at Christ Church, Oxford, B.A. 1730, M.A. 1734. Taking Holy Orders, he became, about 1739, Vicar of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, but resigned 1742 and joined the United Brethren (Moravians) by whom he was chosen one of their bishops in 1754. He died in 1771. About 26 translations and 18 original hymns in the Moravian Hymn Book are assigned to him. One or two of his hymns, which were published by the Wesleys, have been claimed for them, but the evidence is in favor of Gambold. A collected edition of his works was published at Bath in 1789, and afterwards reprinted. He has translated nos. [740]49, [741]68, [742]71. __________________________________________________________________
Guthrie, John
Guthrie, John, D.D., born 1814, graduated Edinburgh M.A. 1835. Sympathizing with the views of Dr. James Morison he was deposed from his pastorate and joined with Dr. Morison in forming the Evangelical Union, compiling in 1856 their hymn book. In 1869 he published Sacred Lyrics; Hymns original and translated from the German, with versions of Psalms. London, 1869. Many of these hymns have much beauty and sweetness. He has translated nos. [743]60, [744]68, [745]71, [746]100,
[747]185. __________________________________________________________________
Jackson, Samuel Macauley
Jackson, Samuel Macauley, from 1876 to 1880 pastor at Norwood, New Jersey, was born in 1851. He graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1870 and from Union Theological Seminary in 1873, after which he spent two years in travel, visiting Europe and the East. He was editor-in-chief of the New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge, and the author of Huldreich Zwingli (Heroes of the Reformation Series), 1901, 1903; Zwingli Selections, 1901. He has translated no. [748]49. __________________________________________________________________
Jacobi, John Christian
Jacobi, John Christian, a native of Germany, was born in 1670, and appointed Keeper of the Royal German Chapel, St. James's Palace, London, about 1708. He held that post for 42 years and died in 1750. Among his publications are Psalmodia Germanica . . . translated from High Dutch. [222] He has translated nos. [749]25, [750]59, [751]76,
[752]111, [753]185, [754]229, [755]235. __________________________________________________________________
[222] In the XVIIIth Century this term was current for "High German." __________________________________________________________________
Kelly, John
Kelly, John, educated at Glasgow University, studied theology at Bonn, New College, Edinburgh, and the Theological College of the English Presbyterian Church. His translations of Gerhardt's Spiritual Songs were published in 1867. His Hymns of the Present Century from the German was published in 1886. He has translated nos. [756]3, [757]7,
[758]15, [759]17, [760]19, [761]23, [762]25, [763]28, [764]49, [765]59,
[766]60, [767]62, [768]65, [769]67, [770]68, [771]71, [772]74, [773]78,
[774]80, [775]81, [776]83, [777]89, [778]91, [779]93, [780]95,
[781]100, [782]106, [783]108, [784]118, [785]120, [786]122, [787]124,
[788]130, [789]135, [790]139, [791]142, [792]150, [793]153, [794]155,
[795]158, [796]161, [797]171, [798]173, [799]176, [800]178, [801]185,
[802]200, [803]205, [804]209, [805]212, [806]217, [807]220, [808]224,
[809]226, [810]229, [811]232, [812]235, [813]239, [814]260, [815]263,
[816]267, [817]271, [818]274, [819]284, [820]287, [821]289, [822]293,
[823]296, [824]302, [825]304, [826]310, [827]312, [828]315, [829]319,
[830]324. __________________________________________________________________
Kennedy, Benjamin Hall
Kennedy, Benjamin Hall, D.D., born 1804, and educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, B.A. 1827. He was later Professor of Greek in Cambridge University, and took Holy Orders in 1829. Besides several textbooks of the classics he published The Psalter, 1860, and also Hymnologia Christiana, 1863, which included numerous translations from the German. __________________________________________________________________
Manington, Alice
Manington, Alice, born at Brighton, and later lived at Vienna. She published two sets of translations from the German, in 1863, and 1864. She has translated nos. [831]25, [832]60, [833]118, [834]150, [835]153,
[836]158, [837]239, [838]312, [839]331. __________________________________________________________________
Massie, Edward
Massie, Edward, M.A., was educated at Wadham College, Oxford; B.A. 1830, M.A. 1834. He took Holy Orders in 1830. He published in 1862 A Few Hymns for Occasional Use in the Services of the Church, and Sacred Odes, 1866 and 1867. The latter contain many translations from the German. He has translated nos. [840]19, [841]59, [842]118, [843]155,
[844]239, [845]293 (2 versions). __________________________________________________________________
Massie, Richard
Massie, Richard, born 1800. He published a translation of Martin Luther's Spiritual Songs, London, 1854, also Lyra Domestica, 1860. In 1864 he published vol. II which has an "Appendix" of translations of German hymns by various authors. He also contributed many translations of German hymns to Mercer's Church Psalter and Hymn Book, to Reid's British Herald and other periodicals. He has translated nos. [846]19,
[847]25, [848]46, [849]47, [850]49, [851]108, [852]161, [853]176,
[854]229, [855]235, [856]239, [857]293, [858]312. __________________________________________________________________
Mills, Henry
Mills, Henry, D.D., born at Morristown, N. J., 1786, and graduated from Princeton in 1802. At the opening of the Auburn Theological Seminary in 1821 he was appointed Professor of Biblical Criticism and Oriental Languages from which he retired in 1854. He died at Auburn in 1867. In 1845 he published Horae Germanicae; A Version of German Hymns. This was enlarged in 1856. He has translated nos. [859]81, [860]161, [861]185,
[862]235, [863]304. __________________________________________________________________
Molther, Philipp Heinrich
Molther, Philipp Heinrich, born in Alsace, 1714. At Jena, where he studied theology, he joined the (Moravian) Brethren in 1737, and went to London 1739. He was minister of the Brethren's congregation at Neuwied from 1750 to 1761, and spent the rest of his life 1762-1780 in Dublin and Bedford. In 1775 he was consecrated as bishop of the Brethren's Unity. He has translated nos. [864]71, [865]155, [866]256. __________________________________________________________________
Montgomery, James
Montgomery, James, born 1771. His early years covered a varied experience as bookseller, auctioneer, printer's assistant. He became editor of the Sheffield Iris and continued this work for thirty-one years. He was twice imprisoned in the next two years for items which appeared in the columns of the Iris. He edited many poetical works, among them Original Hymns for Public, Private and Social Devotion, 1853, The Christian Psalmist, 1825, and Songs of Zion, 1822. Cf. pp.
[867]31, [868]32, [869]139. __________________________________________________________________
Russell, Arthur Tozer
Russell, Arthur Tozer, M.A., born 1806, educated at Manchester College, York, and St. John's College, Cambridge. In 1829 he was ordained by the bishop of Lincoln. He was the author of many works covering a wide range of subjects of a religious nature, and his original hymns and translations have found their way into many hymnals. In 1848 various of his own hymns, original and translated from the German, appeared in Hymns for Public Worship, and in 1851 appeared Psalms and Hymns. He died in 1874. He has translated nos. [870]25, [871]40, [872]68,
[873]150, [874]155, [875]158, [876]185, [877]209, [878]312. __________________________________________________________________
Stallybrass, James Steven
Stallybrass, James Steven, born in Siberia in 1826, the son of Rev. E. Stallybrass of the London Missionary Society. He died in London in
1888. He was well known as an educationist, and translated from the German a number of scientific works. He also contributed many translations of German hymns and poems to the various publications of Mr. Curwen, e. g. The Sabbath Hymnbook. He has translated nos. [879]60,
[880]185. __________________________________________________________________
Stryker, Melancthon Woolsey
Stryker, Melancthon Woolsey, D.D., born in 1851, graduated at Hamilton College 1872 and Auburn Theological Seminary 1876. He has held pastorates at Auburn, Ithaca, Holyoke and Chicago, and has edited six works on hymns, contributing many original hymns and several translations. He was President of Hamilton College 1892-1917. He has translated nos. [881]155, [882]235. __________________________________________________________________
Thring, Edward
Thring, Edward, M.A., brother of Godfrey Thring, was born 1821, and educated at King's College, Cambridge, B.A. 1844. He became Head Master of Uppingham School in 1853 and held this position until his death in
1887. He was the author of several important works for schools and colleges and the joint editor of a hymn book to which he contributed some translations from the German. He has translated no. [883]60. __________________________________________________________________
Warner, Anna
Warner, Anna, born near New York City about 1822. She is the author of the novel Say and Seal, 1859. She edited Hymns of the Church Militant, 1858; and published Wayfaring Hymns, Original and Translated, 1869. She has translated no. [884]89. __________________________________________________________________
Wesley, Charles
Wesley, Charles, the great hymn writer of the Wesley family, perhaps the great hymn writer of all ages, no less than 6500 hymns being ascribed to him. He was the youngest son and 18th child of Samuel and Susanna Wesley and was born at Epworth Rectory December 18, 1707, receiving his education at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He became one of the first band of Oxford Methodists, and went in 1735 with his brother John to Georgia as Secretary to Gen. Oglethorpe. His stay there was very short; he returned to England 1736 and shortly afterward came under the influence of Count Zinzendorf and the Moravians. His headquarters were at Bristol till 1771 when he moved to London devoting there much time to the spiritual care of the prisoners in Newgate. He died in 1788. Cf. [885]p. 31. __________________________________________________________________
Wesley, John
Wesley, John, born at Epworth Rectory in 1703. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and in 1729 became director of the little band of "Oxford Methodists." In 1735 he went as a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel to Georgia where a new colony had been founded under the governorship of Gen. Oglethorpe. On his voyage he was deeply impressed with the piety and Christian courage of some German fellow travellers, Moravians. During his short ministry in Georgia he met with many discouragements and returned home much dissatisfied. In London he again fell in with the Moravians and from now on he labored to spread what he believed to be the everlasting gospel, travelling, preaching and making converts. He died at the age of 88 in the year 1791. The part which he actually took in writing the many hymns ascribed to the two brothers John and Charles is difficult to ascertain, but it is reasonably certain that more than thirty translations from the German, French, and Spanish, chiefly from the German, were exclusively his and although somewhat free they embody the fire and energy of the originals and have had a wide circulation. He has translated nos. [886]71, [887]185, [888]200. __________________________________________________________________
Winkworth, Catherine
Winkworth, Catherine, born in London in 1829. She took always a deep and active interest in the educational work in connection with the "Clifton Association for the Higher Education of Women" and kindred societies. She published (1) [889]Lyra Germanica, 1st Series 1855; (2)
[890]Lyra Germanica, 2d Series 1858; (3) [891]The Chorale Book for England (containing translations from the German, together with music), 1863; and (4) [892]Christian Singers of Germany, 1869. Although not the earliest of modern translators from the German into English, Miss Winkworth is surely the foremost in rank and popularity. Her translations are the most widely used of any from the German and have had more to do with the modern revival of the English use of German hymns than have the versions of any other writer. She has translated nos. [893]25 (2 versions), [894]49 (2 versions), [895]60 (2 versions),
[896]62, [897]71, [898]76, [899]83, [900]95, [901]100, [902]108,
[903]111 (2 versions), [904]122, [905]139, [906]150, [907]153,
[908]155, [909]209, [910]217, [911]229, [912]232, [913]235, [914]239,
[915]274, [916]284, [917]293, [918]298, [919]304. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
TABULATIONS [223] __________________________________________________________________
ALLITERATION (cf. [920]p. 19)
Gerhardt clings to the traditional fondness of the German poet for alliterative phrases. If there be any virtue in the saw regarding "Apt alliteration's artful aid" our poet has found that virtue. The predominating sounds are the consonants; rarely is there alliteration of vowels. An enumeration shows the following results: [224]
Sequences of F, 12; of G, 36; of H, 20; of L, 27; of S, 30; of W, 20; of Z, 6. Of the other consonants there is an average of only two or three each.
B beiszt und brennt 153,47 D Ohne dasz du, die du hier 28,53 Ich will dein Diener bleiben 41,42 . . . drang dich doch 47,7 Entzünde mich durch dich 47,40 dienen dir 150,94 E (a) (i) Und aller Erden Ecken 220,44 Ist ihr erfüllet 270,12 F (V) Fried und Freude 25,22 Freund und Feinde 77,47 für und für 93,3 Fried- und Freudenswort 95,2 Mit Freuden singen für und für 150,97 Ist meiner Feinde Freude 178,22 Trost, Friede, Freud und Leben 190,7 Frisch und freudig 232,98 Die vollkommene Freude 244,120 Freuden Fülle 274,3 Und fasz ein fest Vertrauen 331,44 G Gottes Gnad und Güt 7,49 Gott gönnt ihm Guts 13,80 ganz und gar 15,6 Gottes Grimm 30,112 Es grüszet dich mein ganzes Geist 44,5 Dem Geber aller Güter 59,3 Gegen Gott 62,68 & 69 Gnad und Gütigkeit 62,90 Gift, Gall und Ungestüm 74,20 Gut und Geld 80,32 Gall und Gift 81,23 Gut und Geld 86,32 Dasz dir Gott Glück, Gut und Ehr 89,3 Gnad und Güte 95,11 Gottes Gnad und Gab 97,13 güldne Gut und Geld 97,38 Gottes Geist 105,20 Gottes Grimm 111,75 Gutes gönnen 115,43 Geistes Gnad 135,79 dein Geist mir giebt 150,93 Gift und Gallen 153,14 Gut und Geld 153,57 Gottes Zorn und groszen Grimm 164,61 ganz und gar 178,8 Gold ist ihr Gott, Geld ist ihr Licht 190,17 Geist und Glauben 226,44 Hat er nicht Gold, so hat er Gott 226,49 Hie ist Gott und Gottes Grund 232,44 Gottes Gaben 239,3 Des groszen Gottes groszes Thun 239,44 Geld und Gut 242,65 Gibt uns Gott dies einge Gut 244,11 Gott und Gottes Gunst 248,11 ganz und gar 253,2 Dein Geberde, dein Gesicht 254,9 ganz und gar 255,41 Geduld ist Gottes Gabe Und seines Geistes Gut 267, 25 & 26 Gottes Grimm 273,7 (cf. 111,75 above) ganz und gar 284,68 Güter und Gaben 293,23 Gut und Gaben 298,16 Gut und Gelde 319,9 Gut und Gelde 321,63 H Mein Herrscher, mein Helfer 5,61 Haus und Hof 7,32 Himmels Haus 21,26 Die Hände herzlich drücken 43,14 Ihr Herz und Hand ist hoch bemüht 51,29 Ich mein Heil und Hülfe hab 93,6 Meine Hülfe kömmt allein Von des Höchsten Händen her 93,7 & 8 Hiet und Hüter 120,4 hoch und herrlich 139,24 Weil heut der Herr der Herrlichkeit 171,3 hartes Herze 200,51 ich harr und hoff auf dich 212,99 Wol halt und herrlich siege 217,85 Haut und Hülle 220,36 Sein Hoheit ist des Höchsten Huld 226,54 Häupt und Halse 232,66 heilt und hielt 232,72 Heil und Hort 267,36 Herr im Haus 267,56 Heilen im Herzen 293,78 K Knecht und Kind 86,79 L Lob und Liebe 17,69 Lebens Leben 19,58 Lieb und Lust 25,54 Lieb und Leid 47,56 Des Lebens Leben lebet noch 51,5 Leben und Leiden 65,40 Ich lechze wie ein Land 65,46 liegt und legt 74,19 Lebens Lauf 89,85 lebt und lacht 139,44 Lust und Lachen 149,35 Alle Luft Laute ruft 155,5 Leib und Seele laben 164,64 Lebens Läng 164,101 Im ewgen Leben labe 173,96 Lebens Lauf 180,72 Lieb und Leid 209,41 Leib und Leben 229,93 Kein Lieben und kein Leiden 229,107 Lob und lieb 235,120 Ist viel mehr Lobs und Liebens wert 242,3 Sie thut ihm Liebes und kein Leid 242,9 Mein Leben lang 252,47 Lieb und Lust 260,89 Licht und Leben 271,44 Lebens Licht 284,98 Licht und Leben 313,19 Luft und Leben 328,50 M Mich und mein armes Leben 47,12 Entnehmen meinen Mut 74,29 Mein Vater musz mich lieben 83,10 Alle Menschen müszen leiden 274,86 R Regen, Reif, und Wind 10,71 Ruh und Rast 46,6 Reich und Rachen 62,55 Ruh und Rast 328,2 S Ich stund in Spott und Schanden 25,27 Springst und singst 28,47 In Schlaf und süszer Stille 30,48 schrickt und scheut 49,10 So sorgten sie zur selben Zeit 51,50 du sollt die Sonne schauen 59,16 Die Sünden aller Sünder 68,4 Schand und Sünden 76,35 stiehlt und stellt 80,31 Schand und Sünde 81,13 Der Seelen Sitz mit Sinn und Witz 83,21 Der Schatten einen Schemen 86,33 sanft und stille 86,94 Spiesz und Schwerter 95,4 . . . zerstörten Schlüsser Und Städte voller Schutt und Stein 95,39 & 40 Stahl und Steine 111,86 Zu stehen in dem Streit 111,14 Dein Stab, Herr, und dein Stecken 120,27 sanft und still 139,7 Ich steh im gewünschten Stande . . . Scham und Schande 145,109 & 110 Sammt, Seiden 158,69 selig, süsz, und schön 200,19 Stahl noch Stein 209,61 Mit Schimpf und groszer Schande 212,128 Ist voller Freud und Singen Sieht lauter Sonnenschein Die Sonne . . . 229,115, 116 & 117 Seine Strafen, seine Schläge 235,91 Hält sich selbst sauber; weisze Seid 242,43 Singt und springt 251,17 schwache Schnur 254,22 Schosz und Schutz 287,76 Sind seine Sorgen Segnen . . . 293,32 & 33 Steht in steter voller Blütt 304,68 T Thun und Toben 108, 62 Tod und Teufel 312,6 W Wind und Wetter 10, 63 Gott weisz wol, was wir vermögen 28,25 Wirst du und wir mit dir gehn, Wenn uns wird . . . 28,62 & 63 Um welcher willen 30,2 Aus welcher Wund 30,307 Hast alles, was ich wünsch und will 46,26 Dich hat ein Weib der Welt gebracht 47,16 Mein Weirauch und mein Widder 59,23 Wer dort wird mit verhöhnt, Wird hier auch mit gekrönt; Wer dort mit sterben geht, Wird hier auch mit erhöht 74,69-72 Werk und Worten 86,46 Weisz alle Weisheit 100,67 wertes Wort 104,62 Wol und Weh 139,37 Weg und Weisen 205,33 Der Weizen wächset init Gewalt 239,37 Wol und Weh 263,63 All deine Werk sind Wunder voll 287,47 Weirauch und Widder 293,29 (cf. 59,23 above) Wort und Willen 293,75 Z Durch Zittern und durch Zagen 19,10 Mit Zittern und mit Zagen 30,39 Zorn, Zank 111,52 Zeit und Zahl 150,99 Zur rechten Zeit zu zähmen 169,11 Zu seinem Zweck und Ziel 185, 40 SPECIAL CASES OF ALLITERATION Dein Schirm und Schild, dein Hülf und Heil 118,55 Wann Gottes Geist erhebt die Hand 173,41 Sein Herz ist voller Huld Und gönnt uns lauter Guts. Den Abend währt das Weinen, Des Morgens macht das Scheinen Der Sonn uns gutes Muts 180,35-40 Ich liebe dich und leide Pein Bin dein und doch betrübet 190,38 & 39 Lasset uns loben Seliges Sterben 270,5 & 6 __________________________________________________________________
[224] The tabulation is not exhaustive. A few somewhat forced cases are omitted. __________________________________________________________________
ASSONANCE
5, 58 grünen und blühn
19, 1 gehn und treten
45 Sei der Verlasznen Vater
46 . . . Berater
47 . . . Gabe
48 Der Armen Gut und Habe.
23, 69 Der Rat und That erfinden kann
28, 47 springst und singst
62 Wirst du und wir mit dir gehn
63 Wenn uns wird . . .
44, 2 Der herzlich . . .
3 Wie schmerzlich . . .
46, 5 Du Träger aller Bürd und Last
6 Du aller Müden Ruh und Rast
47, 7 Ach, wie bezwang und drang dich doch
60 All seine Zeit vertreibe
60, 43 Breit aus die Flügel beide
44 O Jesu, meine Freude
45 Und nimm dein Küchlein ein!
65, 49 Saft und Kraft
68, 1 geht und trägt
5 matt und krank
78, 12 selbst zum Helfer stellt
80, 40 Füll und Hüll
91, 58 schlecht und recht
100, 67 Weisz alle Weisheit
70 Fleisz und Schweisz
111, 52 Neid und Streit
111, 82 Auf Reu der Freuden Blick
118, 49 sing und spring
122, 13 Gut und Blut
124, 27 . . . Spreu zerstreuet
132, 16 Gut und Blut (cf. 122,13)
145, 47 Jagt und schlagt
102 sing und klinge
110 Scham und Schande
149, 15 Wunden unsrer Sünden
161, 88 Theil und Heil
164, 3 schlecht und recht (cf. 91,58)
131 weit und breit
171, 1 weit und breit (cf. 164,131)
176, 12 So kennt, so nennt
193, 43 Tritt und Schritt
196, 4 Rat und That (cf. 23,69)
200, 32 Tag und Nacht
38 Not und Tod
209, 110 Da wird mein Weinen lauter Wein,
111 Mein Ächzen lauter Jauchzen sein.
212, 11 Rat und That (cf. 23,69; 196,4)
217, 4 geht und steht
220, 45 Wer brachte Sonn und Mond herfür
46 Wer machte Kräuter, Bäum und Thier
229, 45 Kein Urtheil mich erschrecket
46 Kein Unheil mich betrubt
239, 28 Die Wiesen liegen
44 Des groszen Gottes groszes Thun
242, 72 weit und breit (cf. 164,131; 169,1)
244, 43 des roten Goldes Kot
251, 17 singt und springt (cf. 28,47; 118,49)
253, 19 Kraft und Macht
254, 14 Gieng und hieng
260, 94 Rat und That (cf. 23,69; 196,4)
270. In this poem note the unusual scheme of alliteration and sound
sequence (regular except for one line) in the first four syllables of
the concluding couplets of the first three stanzas:
stanza 1
5 lasset uns loben . . .
6 Seliges Sterben . . .
stanza 2
11 Ihre Begierde . . .
12 Ist ihr erfüllet . . .
stanza 3
17 Berkow, das feine, geschickte Gemüt
18 Dessen Gedächtnisz . . .
271, 15 Tod und Sterbensnot
274, 87 webt und lebet
284, 71 hebt und leget
287, 53 Tag und Jahre Zahl
298, 125 webt und lebt (cf. 274,87)
333, 54 Rat und That (cf. 23,69; 260,94)
__________________________________________________________________
DOUBLETS OF EXACT OR APPROXIMATE SYNONYMS (cf. [921]p. 19)
A
Ach und Weh 104,8; 335,10
Adern und Geblüte 158,9
Angst und Not 25,55; 91,66; 150,89; 193,66; 209,26; 232,99; 325,24
Angst und Nöten 185,71
Angst, Furcht, Sorg und Schmerz 78,19
Angst und Pein 122,20; 224,5
Angst und Plagen 19,9
Angst und Qual 23,10; 164,97; 198,8; 271,12
Angst und Schmerzen 220,15
Angst und Trübsal 145,30
Angst und Weh 65,64; 164,53; 212,37
ängstet und bemüht 78,27
Arm und Kraft 284,88
B
Bahn und Lauf 304,16
Bahn und Steg 83,91; 248,79
Berg und Spitzen 217,22
betrübt und kränket 95,31
Bett und Lager 313,13
bewust und wolbekannt 139,52
brechen und fallen 293,67
Bund und Zeugnisz 91,27
Bürd und Last 267,32
Burg und Schlosz 190,90
D
Dampf und Rauch 153,12
Dieb und Räuber 106,21
drück und quäle 108,56
E
Ehr und Dank 324,46
Ehr und Dienste 111,15
Eilend und behend 315,54
emsich und bemühet 328,16
Ohn End und alle Masz 47,41
Erb und Theil 190,96
Erd und Kot 115,20
Erd und Staub 324,7
Erd und Thon 153,7
Erkenntnisz und Verstand 260,82
Ernst und Eifer 30,246
F
fall und sterbe 229,75
Fehl und Mängel 278,23
Fels und Burg 145,14
Fels und Stein 30,322; 127,53
Feuer und Licht 242,29
Fleisch und Blut 30,31; 217,42; 324,4; 325,12; 328,30
Fleisz und Schweisz 100,70
fliehn und haszen 81,40
fleuch und haszt 229,82
fliehn und laszen 71,89
frech und geil 278,108
sich freu und jubiliere 212,102
Freud und Lust 97,49
Freud und Seligkeit 209,97
Freud und Singen 229,115
Freud und Trost 51,181
Freud und Wonne 158,25; 232,2
Freuden und Lust 5,33
Mein Freund und treuer Rat 217,39
Fried- und Freudenswort 95,2
Fried und Ruh 95,72; 205,83
Frisch und freudig 232,98
Füll und Hüll 80,40
Furcht und Angst 120,19
Furcht und Scheu 15,43
Furcht und Schrecken 51,182; 229,58
Furcht und Zagen 284,39
G
Gall und Gift 81,23
ganz und gar 15,6; 178,8; 253,2; 254,41; 284,68
ganz und neu 251,28
Geist und Gemüte 271,2
Geist und Sinn 78,18; 158,5
Geist und Sinnen 135,78
Geld und Gut 242,65
Gemüt und Seele 108,55
gern und williglich 71,84
getrost und unbetrübt 271,1
getrost und unverzagt 125,75
Gift und Gallen 153,14
Glanz und Bild 46,15
Glanz und Freudenlicht 118,54
Mein Glanz und schönes Licht 229,26
Glanz und Schein 103,2
Glaub und Treu 173,28; 205,40
Glück und Freude 10,84
Glück, Gut und Ehr 89,3
Glück und Heil 95,30
Glück und Segen 108,88; 217,3
Gnad und Gab 97,13
Gnad und Gunst 304,3
Gnad und Güte 95,11
Gnad und Gütigkeit 62,90
Gnad und Hulden 293,84
Gott und Hort 253,15
Gott und Retter 127,16
Grab und Sarg 68,29
Gram und Leid 135,127
Gram und Schmerze 25,43
Gras und Laub 324,8
Gilt und Geld(e) 86,32; 97,38; 153,57; 319,9; 321,63
Gut und Heil 17,56
Gut und Waaren 10,60
Güt und Segen 21,27
H
Hab und Gut 188,19
Hasz und Neid 15,19
Hans und Hof 7,32
Haus und Zelt 173,86; 232,86
Heil und Gnaden 293,76
Heil und Hülfe 93,6
Herz und Mut 7,62; 267,16
Herz und Sinn 83,1 & 2; 205,43
Heu und Stroh 158,68
hoch und herrlich 139,24
Hohn und Spott 68,8; 183,17; 229,86
Hohn und groszem Spott 71,6
Huld und Gnaden 324,23
Hülf und Errettung 111,12
Hülf und Heil 118 55
Hülf und Rat 188,22
Hut und Güte 106,29
Hut und Wach 287,26
J
in Jammer und in Not 198,10
Jauchzen und Freuden 5,72
K
Kält und Frost 118,17
kann und mag 239,43; 274,85
kann und weisz 25,16
Klag und Sorge 226,12
klar und rein 287,39
Knecht und Kind 86,79
Mein Können, mein Vermögen 235,45
Kraft und Macht 253,19
L
Last und Bürd 226,22
Laster und Schande 293,46
Leib und Leben 229,93
Leib und Seel(e) 7,85; 25,19; 30,129; 60,39; 71,52; 71,59; 83,20;
93,29; 127,8; 164,64; 248,22; 325,15
lenke und führe 293,87
Lieb und Ehre 217,45
Lieb und Gnad 278,90
Lieb und Güt 78,25
Lieb und Huld 3,11; 7,60; 25,60; 30,329; 65,24
Lieb und Lust 25,54
Lieb und Treu 30,229
List und Tück 91,54
Lob und Preis 25,14; 248,5; 319, 13; 324,48
lobt und preist 10,90
Lob und Dank 97,22; 180,7; 232,91
Lohn und Sold 271,33
Luft und Höh 15,24
Lust und Freude 21,54; 180,88; 193,31; 226,68; 244,26
Lust und Freuden 124,9
M
Macht und Kraft 108,84
March und Bein 158,42
Mark und Bein 328,28
Masz und Zahl 15,32
Masz und Ziel 10,45; 183,62; 232,84
N
Neid und Hasz 321,10
Neid und Streit 248,60
O
Ort und Raum 30,344; 161,39 & 40
P
Pein und Schmerz 328,60
Pest und Gift 51,240
Dein Pilgrim und dein Bürger 86,81
Preis und Dank 106,4
Preis und Ehr 150,7
R
Ränk und List 80,33
Rat und Hülfe 307,4
Raub und Frasz 321,12
rein und gerecht 65,16
rein und hell 46,14
rein und klar 278,18
wir rennen, laufen 315,50
Ruh und Rast 328,2
Ruhm und Preis 302,74
rühmt und preist 176,12
S
Sanft und gelind 224,37
sanft und still(e) 86,94; 139,7
Schand und Spott 103,30
Schand und Sünde 81,13
dein Schatz, dein Erb und Theil 119,53
Schild und Hort 93,39
Mit Schimpf und groszer Schande 212,128
Schirm und Schild 118,55
schläft und ruht 335,52
schlägt und drückt 325,30
Schmerze und Sorgen 185,49 & 50
Schmerz und Weh 226,9
schön und klar 158,61
Das Schönste und Beste 293,97
schrickt und scheut 49,10
Schuld und Missethat 256,109
Sclav und Knecht 325,26
Seel und Geist 81,44
Dein Seufzen und dein Stöhnen 71,91
singen und loben 120,48
sinken und fallen 212,124
Sinn und Geiste 263,69
(cf. Geist und Sinn, q. v.)
Sitz und Ort 278,176
Sitz und Raum 7,35
Sonn und Zier 217,47
Sorg und Schmerzen 229,51; 307,46
Speis und Malzeit 244,45
Spiesz und Schwerter 95,4
Spott und Hohn 100,54; 135,47
Spott und Schanden 25,27
Dem Stab und dein Stecken 120,27
Stadt und Land 7,36
Stärk und Kraft 28,42; 271,19; 239,35
steif und fest 161,69; 178,37; 226,66
Stell und Ort 220,38; 310,27
Straf und Last 30,340
Straf und Zorn 224,9
Stuhl und Thron(e) 108,70; 205,84
Stund und Zeiten 60,34
Sturm und Regen 267,15
Sturm und Ungewitter 209,84
Sturm und Wellen 229,15
Sturm und Wetter 7,25; 93,30
Sturm und Wind 253,10
T
Than und Regen 118,16
Tbeil und Erbe 229,73
Thun und Machen 19,23
Thun und Toben 108,62
Dein Tichten, dein Trachten, dein Thun 5,17
Tief und See 15,23
Tod und Ende 31,192
trifft und schlägt 324,17
Tritt und Schritt 193,43
Trost und Freud(e) 25,18; 65,22; 196,36; 302,73
Alter Trost und alle Freude 108,41
Trost und Labsal 65,57; 232,4
Trost und Licht 328,82
Trost und Schild 46,16
W
Wall und Mauren 183,15
Weg und Weisen 205,33
Wege, Lauf und Balm 185,6
Weh und Klagen 97,50
Web und Schmerz(en) 251,3; 284,38
Weis und Art 335,62
Weisheit und Verstand 139,51; 158,57
weir und breit 164,131; 171,1; 242,72
Werk und That 217,50; 220,85; 304,29
Werke und Thaten 293,35
Wind und Wetter 10,63
wirkt und schafft 139,34
Witz und Sinn 220,5
Wonn und Fröhlichkeit 310,72
Wort und Reden 278,20
Würd und Ehr 188,88
Z
ihre Zähren und Thränen 142,27 & 28
Zank und Geifer 321,11
Zeit und Stund 244,111
Zorn und Eifer 321,9
Zorn und Fluch 103,9
Zorn und Grimm 108,14
Zorn und groszem Grimm 164,61
Zweck und Ziel 185,40
__________________________________________________________________
REPETITION [225]
Was ist doch gut ohn diesem Gut? 10,96
Wenn dies Gut nicht im Herzen ruht 10,97
Ist alles Gut verworfen 10,98
O Häupt voll Blut und Wunden, 49,1
Voll Schmerz und voller Hohn! 49,2
O Häupt zu Spott gebunden 49,3
O Häupt, sonst schön gezieret 49,5
Auf, auf, ihr sollt beginnen 60,5
Erdengut zerfällt und bricht 89,35
Seelengut das schwindet nicht 89,36
Aller Trost und alle Freude 108,41
Dein Erfreuen ist die Weide 108,43
Leuchte mir, o Freudenlicht 108,45
Zeuch ein zu deinen Thoren 111,1
Zeuch ein, lasz mich empfinden 111,9
Und schmecken deine Kraft [226] 111,10
Die Kraft die uns von Sünden 111,11
Was Gott gefällt 139,5,10,15,20, etc. (i. e. the concluding line of
each of these stanzas)
Wir singen dir, Emanuel 150,1
Wir singen dir in deinem Heer 150,6
Bist aller Haiden Trost und Licht, 150,43
Suchst selber Trost und findst ihn nicht 150,44
Du bist der süsze Menschenfreund 150,46
Doch sind dir so viel Menschen feind 150,47
Befiehl du deine Wege 185,1
Gibt Wege, Lauf und Bahn 185,6
Der wird auch Wege finden 185,7
Sollt ich meinen Gott nicht singen? 235,1
Sollt ich Ihm nicht dankbar sein? 235,2
Alles Ding währt seine Zeit 235,9
Gottes Lieb in Ewigkeit 235,10 (This couplet concludes each of the
twelve stanzas)
__________________________________________________________________
[225] The complete tabulation of words and phrases used in repetition is too bulky for printing. These few selections will serve to illustrate this characteristic of Gerhardt's poetry. Cf. p. 19.
[226] Frequently, as here, the last word in the line is repeated as the first word in the next following line. Cf. 111,69 & 70; 149,44 & 45; 158,23 & 24; 161,117 & 118. __________________________________________________________________
JUXTAPOSITION OF WORDS DERIVED FROM THE SAME ROOT, AND PLAYS ON WORDS (cf. [922]p. 19)
Trotz sei dir, du trotzender Kot! 5,65 Erbarm dich, o barmherzigs Herz 7,76 Als das geliebte Lieben 25,35 Zum Fluch dem, der Ihm flucht 25,74 Das nennt der Lästrer Lästerwort 30,106 Kein Wächter mag zu mächtig sein 39,323 Drum, herzes Herze, bitt ich dich 47,28 Wer dich recht liebt, ergibt sich frei, 47,46 In deiner Lieb und süszen Treu 47,47 Der von unbeschnittnem Herzen 67,3 . . . . mit Beschneidung . . . . 67,5 Die Sünden aller Sünder 68,4 O Wunderlieb! o Liebesmacht 68,25 Die Trübsal trübt mir nicht 74,45 Das Unglück ist mein Glück 74,47 Gründst des tiefen Meeres Grund 76,28 Und wo kein Mensch nicht helfen kann 78,11 Sich selbst zum Helfer stellt 78,12 Und Vater meines Lebens 81,2 Wo du mein Leben nicht regierst 81,3 So leb ich hier vergebens; 81,4 Ja lebendig bin ich auch todt, 81,5 . . . . Der hat das rechte Leben . . . . 81,8 Der Wird zu Schanden, der dich schändt 91,5 Und wie mich der so hoch erhöht, 97,6 Der selbst so hoch erhoben 97,7 Helfer in der rechten Zeit 108,6 Hilf, o Heiland 108,7 Ein Freund der Freundlichkeit 111,50 Der Feindschaft bist du feind 111,53 Zu rühmen seinen Ruhm! 115,74 Kann uns doch kein Tod nicht tödten 122,43 Auch tödte mich durch deinen Tod 132,58 Lasz mich deinen Schutz beschützen 145,11 Wenn mir Lebenskraft gebricht; 145,76 Lasz mein Leben in dir leben 145,77 Ich steh im gewünschten Stande 145,109 Sein Licht und Heil macht alles heil 153,21 Du bist meines Leben Leben 155,70 . . . . dasz ich mein End 161,113 Auch also möchte enden 161,114 Durch Adams Fall gefallen 173,15 Durch dieses Fallen ist die Macht 173,16 Weg hast du allerwegen 185,25 . . . . kein Sinnen 220,79 Ihm hat ersinnen können! 220,80 Der Grund, da ich mich gründe 229,17 . . . . mein Vermögen 235,45 Nichts vermag, nichts helfen kann, 235,46 Sein Vermögen beizulegen 235,48 Wann andre löschen Feuer und Licht, 242,29 Verlöscht doch ihre Leuchte nicht 242,30 Ich lieb ihr liebes Angesicht 260,41 Gütig dem, der Gutes thut 307,79 Nun, der sei mein schönstes Gut 307,80 __________________________________________________________________
PLAYS ON WORDS
Herr Fromm ist fromm, das weisz man wol 13,82 Der Frommen Lohn 13,124 (cf. 13,82) Sein Licht und Heil macht alles heil 153,21 Da wird mein Weinen lauter Wein 209,110 Wie seinem Mut zu Mute sei 223,123 Steht in steter voller Blüt 304,68 __________________________________________________________________
INDEX BY SUBJECTS [227]
Goedeke Page Page HOLY TRINITY
1. Was alle Weisheit in der Welt [923]176 62 ADVENT
1. Warum willst du drauszen stehen [924]108 51
2. Wie soll ich dich empfangen [925]25 82 CHRISTMAS
1. Frölich soll mein Herze springen [926]155 58
2. Ich steh an deiner Krippen hier [927]158 60
3. Kommt und laszt uns Christurn chren [928]312 79
4. O Jesu Christ, dein Kripplein ist [929]153 57
5. Schaut, Schaut, was ist für Wunder dar [930]310 79
6. Wir singen dir, Emanuel [931]150 110 NEW YEAR
1. Nun laszt uns gehn und treten [932]19 38
2. Warum machet solche Schmerzen [933]67 42 GOOD FRIDAY (PASSIONTIDE)
1. Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld [934]68 104
2. Gegrüszet seist du, Gott, mein Heil [935]46 41
3. Hör an, mein Herz, die Sieben Wort [936]161 60
4. O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden [937]49 86
5. O Herz des Königs aller Welt [938]47 41
6. O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben [939]71 42
7. Sei mir tausendmal gegrüszet [940]40 40 EASTER
1. Auf, auf, mein Herz, mit Freuden [941]74 44
2. Sei frölich alles weit und breit [942]171 61 WHITSUNTIDE
1. Gott, Vater, sende deinen Geist [943]173 62
2. O du allersüszste Freude [944]76 44
3. Zeuch ein zu deinen Thoren [945]111 52 CROSS AND CONSOLATION
1. Ach treuer Gott, barmherzigs Herz [946]209 65
2. Barmherziger Vater, höchster Gott [947]212 66
3. Befiehl du dein Wege [948]185 114
4. Du bist ein Mensch, das weiszst du wol [949]220 67
5. Du liebe Unschuld du [950]3 36
6. Geduld ist euch vonnöten [951]267 72
7. Gib dich zufrieden und sei stille [952]274 74
8. Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn [953]83 48
9. Ich hab oft bei mir selbst gedacht [954]226 68
10. Ich habs verdient, was will ich doch [955]224 67
11. Ist Gott für mich, so trete [956]229 126
12. Nicht so traurig, nicht so sehr [957]89 48
13. Noch dennoch muszt du drum nicht ganz [958]23 38
14. Schwing dich auf zu deinem Gott [959]135 55
15. Warum sollt ich mich denn grämen [960]122 108
16. Was Gott gefällt, mein frommes Kind [961]139 56
17. Wie lang, o Herr, wie lange soll [962]178 62 REPENTANCE
1. Herr, höre, was mein Mund [963]65 41
2. Nach dir, o Herr, verlanget mich [964]91 49
3. Weg, mein Herz, mit den Gedanken 62 41 PRAISE AND THANKSGIVING
1. Auf den Nebel folgt die Sonne [965]232 68
2. Der Herr, der aller Enden [966]120 54
3. Gott Lob! nun ist erschollen [967]95 50
4. Ich singe dir mit Herz und Mund [968]118 53
5. Nun danket all und bringet Ehr [969]78 46
6. Sollt ich meinem Gott nicht singen [970]235 69
7. Wie ist es müglich, höchstes Licht [971]324 81
8. Wie ist so grosz und schwer die Last [972]7 36 PRAYER AND THE CHRISTIAN LIFE
1. Herr, aller Weisheit Quell und Grund [973]260 71
2. Herr, du erforschest meinen Sinn [974]287 75
3. Ich danke dir demütiglich [975]205 65
4. Ich erhebe, Herr, zu dir [976]93 49
5. Ich Weisz, mein Gott, dasz all mein Thun [977]217 66
6. Jesu, allerliebster Bruder [978]263 72
7. O Gott, mein Schöpfer, edler Fürst [979]81 48
8. O Jesu Christ, mein schönstes Licht [980]200 63
9. Wol dem, der den Herren scheuet [981]130 55
10. Wol dem Menschen, der nicht wandelt [982]124 54
11. Zweierlei bitt ich von dir [983]80 47 MORNING AND EVENING
1. Der Tag mit seinem Lichte [984]296 77
2. Die güldne Sonne [985]293 76
3. Lobet den Herren, alle, die ihn fürchten [986]106 51
4. Nun ist der Regen hin [987]17 37
5. Nun ruhen alle Wälder [988]60 98
6. Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe [989]59 95 DEATH AND ETERNAL LIFE
1. Die Zeit ist nunmehr nah [990]142 57
2. Du bist zwar mein und bleibest mein [991]100 50
3. Herr Gott, du bist ja für und für [992]315 80
4. Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden [993]284 74
5. Johannes sahe durch Gesicht [994]319 80
6. Nun, du lebest, unsre Krone [995]28 39
7. Nun sei getrost und unbetrübt [996]271 73
8. Was traurest du, mein Angesicht [997]289 76 __________________________________________________________________
[227] Only 76 of the 131 poems have been included in this index. __________________________________________________________________
INDEX OF ENGLISH VERSIONS
This index contains in general only the first lines of the translations and adaptations as they are given in Part II, Chapter II (pp. 35-143). The numbers refer to the pages on which the general discussions of the corresponding Gerhardt poems begin.
[998]A [999]B [1000]C [1001]D [1002]E F G [1003]H [1004]I [1005]J K
[1006]L [1007]M [1008]N [1009]O [1010]P [1011]Q [1012]R [1013]S [1014]T
[1015]U V [1016]W X [1017]Y Z __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: A
[1018]A [1019]B [1020]C [1021]D [1022]E [1023]F [1024]G [1025]H [1026]I
[1027]J K [1028]L [1029]M [1030]N [1031]O [1032]P [1033]Q [1034]R
[1035]S [1036]T [1037]U V [1038]W X [1039]Y Z
Page A Holy, Pure and Spotless Lamb [1040]36 A Lamb bears all its guilt away [1041]104 A Lamb goes forth and bears the Guilt [1042]104 A Lamb goes forth--for all the dues [1043]104 A Lamb goes forth: the sins he bears [1044]104 A Lamb goes uncomplaining forth [1045]104 A Pilgrim am I on my way [1046]141 A pilgrim and a stranger [1047]74 A pilgrim here I wander [1048]74 A rest here have I never [1049]74 After clouds we see the sun [1050]68 Ah! faithful God, compassionate heart [1051]65 Ah! Head, so pierced and wounded [1052]86 Ah! Lord, how shall I meet thee [1053]82 Ah! lovely innocence, how evil art thou deemed [1054]36 Ah wounded Head! must thou [1055]86 Ah wounded Head, that bearest [1056]86 All hail! my Savior and my God [1057]41 All hail to Thee, my Savior and my God [1058]41 All my heart this night rejoices [1059]58 All my heart with joy is springing [1060]58 As pilgrims here we wander [1061]74 Awake, my heart, be singing [1062]95 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: B
[1063]A [1064]B [1065]C [1066]D [1067]E [1068]F [1069]G [1070]H [1071]I
[1072]J K [1073]L [1074]M [1075]N [1076]O [1077]P [1078]Q [1079]R
[1080]S [1081]T [1082]U V [1083]W X [1084]Y Z
Page
Be glad, my heart! now fear no more [1085]73
Be joyful all, both far and near [1086]61
Be not dismay'd--in time of need [1087]57
Be of good cheer in all your wants [1088]71
Be thou content: be still before [1089]74
Be thou contented! aye relying [1090]74
Behold a Lamb! so tired and faint [1091]104
Behold! Behold! what wonders here [1092]79
Behold, O World, thy Life, thy Lord [1093]42
Bless'd is he the Lord who loveth [1094]55
Blessed is the man that never [1095]***
Bless'd is he who never taketh [1096]54
Bring to Christ your best oblation [1097]79
By John was seen a wondrous sight [1098]80
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Index of English Versions: C
[1099]A [1100]B [1101]C [1102]D [1103]E [1104]F [1105]G [1106]H [1107]I
[1108]J K [1109]L [1110]M [1111]N [1112]O [1113]P [1114]Q [1115]R
[1116]S [1117]T [1118]U V [1119]W X [1120]Y Z
Page Can I cease, my God, from singing [1121]69 Can I fail my God to praise [1122]69 Christians all, with one accord [1123]38 Come, and Christ the Lord be praising [1124]79 Come and let us Christ revere now [1125]79 Come, enter Thine own portal [1126]52 Come forth, my heart, and seek delight [1127]131 Come now, my soul, thy thoughts engage [1128]60 Come, O Thou Holy Dove [1129]52 Come, Thou Source of sweetest gladness [1130]44 Cometh sunshine after rain [1131]68 Come to Thy temple here on earth [1132]52 Come, unite in praise and singing [1133]79 Come, your hearts and voices raising. [1134]*** Commend thy way O mortal [1135]114 Commit the way before thee [1136]114 Commit thou all thy griefs [1137]114 Commit thou all thy ways, and all [1138]114 Commit thou every sorrow, And care [1139]114 Commit thou thy each grievance [1140]114 Commit thy course and keeping [1141]114 Commit thy secret grief [1142]114 Commit thy way, confiding [1143]114 Commit thy way, O weeper [1144]114 Commit thy way, O weeping [1145]114 Commit thy Ways and Goings [1146]114 Commit thy ways, thy sorrows [1147]114 Commit thy way to God [1148]114 Commit thy way unto the Lord, thy heavy [1149]114 Commit whatever grieves thee [1150]114 Creator, Father, Prince of might! [1151]48 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: D
[1152]A [1153]B [1154]C [1155]D [1156]E [1157]F [1158]G [1159]H [1160]I
[1161]J K [1162]L [1163]M [1164]N [1165]O [1166]P [1167]Q [1168]R
[1169]S [1170]T [1171]U V [1172]W X [1173]Y Z
Page
Display thy both wings over [1174]98
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Index of English Versions: E
[1175]A [1176]B [1177]C [1178]D [1179]E [1180]F [1181]G [1182]H [1183]I
[1184]J K [1185]L [1186]M [1187]N [1188]O [1189]P [1190]Q [1191]R
[1192]S [1193]T [1194]U V [1195]W X [1196]Y Z
Page
Emmanuel, Thy name we sing [1197]110
Emmanuel, we sing Thy praise [1198]110
(See also "Immanuel.")
Evening and Morning [1199]76
Ever by my love be owned [1200]40
Extended on a cursed tree [1201]42
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Index of English Versions: F
[1202]A [1203]B [1204]C [1205]D [1206]E [1207]F [1208]G [1209]H [1210]I
[1211]J K [1212]L [1213]M [1214]N [1215]O [1216]P [1217]Q [1218]R
[1219]S [1220]T [1221]U V [1222]W X [1223]Y Z
Father of mercies! God most high [1224]66 For Thee, Lord, pants my longing heart [1225]49 Forth goes a dear devoted Lamb [1226]104 From our fears and sins release us [1227]137 Full often as I meditate [1228]68 Full of wonder, full of art (2) [1229]79 Full of wonder, full of skill (2) [1230]79 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: G
[1231]A [1232]B [1233]C [1234]D [1235]E [1236]F [1237]G [1238]H [1239]I
[1240]J K [1241]L [1242]M [1243]N [1244]O [1245]P [1246]Q [1247]R
[1248]S [1249]T [1250]U V [1251]W X [1252]Y Z
Give to the winds thy fears [1253]114 God is my strong salvation [1254]139 God, my Creator, and my Lord [1255]48 Go forth my heart, and revel in joy's flow [1256]131 Go forth, my heart, and seek delight (3) [1257]131 Go forth, my heart, and seek for praise [1258]131 Go forth, my heart, and seek the bliss [1259]131 Go forth, my heart, nor linger here [1260]131 Go forth, my Heart! the year's sweet prime [1261]131 Go out, my heart, and pleasure seek [1262]131 Go out, my heart, and seek delight [1263]131 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: H
[1264]A [1265]B [1266]C [1267]D [1268]E [1269]F [1270]G [1271]H [1272]I
[1273]J K [1274]L [1275]M [1276]N [1277]O [1278]P [1279]Q [1280]R
[1281]S [1282]T [1283]U V [1284]W X [1285]Y Z
Page He never yet has made mistakes [1286]53 He sendeth sun, he sendeth shower [1287]140 Hence, my heart, with such a thought [1288]41 Here I can firmly rest [1289]126 Here, World, see thy Redeemer [1290]42 Here, World, thy great Salvation see [1291]42 Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness [1292]44 Holy Spirit, Source of gladness [1293]44 How can it be, my highest Light [1294]81 How heavy is the burden made [1295]36 How long, Lord, in forgetfullness [1296]62 How shall I come to meet Thee [1297]82 How shall I meet my Savior [1298]82 How shall I meet Thee, How my heart [1299]82 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: I
[1300]A [1301]B [1302]C [1303]D [1304]E [1305]F [1306]G [1307]H [1308]I
[1309]J K [1310]L [1311]M [1312]N [1313]O [1314]P [1315]Q [1316]R
[1317]S [1318]T [1319]U V [1320]W X [1321]Y Z
Page I build on this foundation [1322]126 I give Thee thanks unfeigned [1323]86 I have deserv'd it, cease t'oppose [1324]67 I into God's own heart and mind [1325]48 I know, my God, and I rejoice [1326]66 I know that my Redeemer lives [1327]81 I know that my Redeemer lives [1328]135 I'll praise Thee with my heart and tongue [1329]53 I'll sing to Thee with heart and mouth [1330]53 I'll sing to Thee with mouth and heart [1331]53 I'm but a stranger here [1332]140 I sing to Thee with Heart and Tongue [1333]53 I stand beside Thy manger-bed [1334]60 I who so oft in deep distress [1335]78 I will sing my Maker's praises [1336]69 I yield Thee thanks unfeigned [1337]86 If Christ is mine, then all is mine [1338]126 If God be on my side [1339]126 If God Himself be for me [1340]126 If God is mine, then present things [1341]126 If Jesus be my friend [1342]126 Immanuel, Thy praise we sing [1343]110 Immanuel! to Thee we sing, The Fount [1344]110 Immanuel, to Thee we sing, Thou Prince [1345]110 Immanuel, we sing to Thee [1346]110 (See also "Emmanuel.") In exile here we wander [1347]142 In grateful songs your voices raise [1348]46 In heaven is mine inheritance [1349]126 In me resume Thy dwelling [1350]52 In prayer your voices raise ye [1351]38 Is God for me? I fear not [1352]126 Is God for me? t'oppose me [1353]126 Is God for me? what is it [1354]126 Is God my strong salvation [1355]126 It is a time of joy today [1356]79 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: J
[1357]A [1358]B [1359]C [1360]D [1361]E [1362]F [1363]G [1364]H [1365]I
[1366]J K [1367]L [1368]M [1369]N [1370]O [1371]P [1372]Q [1373]R
[1374]S [1375]T [1376]U V [1377]W X [1378]Y Z
Page
Jesu, my Savior, Brother, Friend [1379]136
Jesu, my Strength, my Hope [1380]136
Jesu, our joy and loving Friend [1381]98
Jesus! Thou, my dearest Brother [1382]72
Jesus, Thy boundless love to me [1383]63
Joyful be my spirit singing [1384]58
Joyful shall my heart, upspringing [1385]58
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Index of English Versions: L
[1386]A [1387]B [1388]C [1389]D [1390]E [1391]F [1392]G [1393]H [1394]I
[1395]J K [1396]L [1397]M [1398]N [1399]O [1400]P [1401]Q [1402]R
[1403]S [1404]T [1405]U V [1406]W X [1407]Y Z
Page Leave to his sovereign sway [1408]114 Let not such a thought e'er pain thee [1409]41 Let the voice of glad thanksgiving [1410]58 Lightly bound my bosom, ringing [1411]58 Lo! Man and Beast are sleeping [1412]98 Look up to thy God again [1413]55 Lord, be Thy Cross before our sight [1414]42 Lord God! Thou art forevermore [1415]80 Lord, how shall I be meeting [1416]82 Lord, how shall I receive Thee [1417]82 Lord, lend a gracious ear [1418]41 Lord, Thou my heart dost search and try [1419]75 Lord! to Thee alone I raise [1420]49 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: M
[1421]A [1422]B [1423]C [1424]D [1425]E [1426]F [1427]G [1428]H [1429]I
[1430]J K [1431]L [1432]M [1433]N [1434]O [1435]P [1436]Q [1437]R
[1438]S [1439]T [1440]U V [1441]W X [1442]Y Z
Page May I when time is o'er [1443]57 Mine art Thou still, and mine shalt be [1444]50 Mortals, who have God offended [1445]42 My face, why should'st thou troubled be [1446]76 My Faith securely buildeth [1447]126 My faith Thy lowly bed beholds [1448]60 My God! my works and all I do [1449]66 My heart's warm gush breaks forth in mirth [1450]53 My heart! the seven words hear now [1451]60 My rest is in heaven; my rest is not here [1452]142 My Savior, how shall I proclaim [1453]42 My soul awake and render [1454]95 My Soul, awake and tender [1455]95 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: N
[1456]A [1457]B [1458]C [1459]D [1460]E [1461]F [1462]G [1463]H [1464]I
[1465]J K [1466]L [1467]M [1468]N [1469]O [1470]P [1471]Q [1472]R
[1473]S [1474]T [1475]U V [1476]W X [1477]Y Z
Page
Not so darkly, not so deep [1478]48
Now all the woods are sleeping [1479]98
Now at the manger here I stand [1480]60
Now every greenwood sleepeth [1481]98
Now gone is all the rain [1482]37
Now hushed are woods and waters [1483]98
Now in His manger He so humbly lies [1484]58
Now let each humble creature [1485]38
Now rest beneath night's shadow [1486]98
Now rest the woods again [1487]98
Now resteth all creation [1488]98
Now spread are evening's shadows [1489]98
Now with joy my heart is bounding [1490]58
Now woods and fields are quiet [1491]98
Now woods their rest are keeping [1492]98
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Index of English Versions: O
[1493]A [1494]B [1495]C [1496]D [1497]E [1498]F [1499]G [1500]H [1501]I
[1502]J K [1503]L [1504]M [1505]N [1506]O [1507]P [1508]Q [1509]R
[1510]S [1511]T [1512]U V [1513]W X [1514]Y Z
Page O blessed Christ, once wounded [1515]86 O blessed Jesus! This [1516]57 O cast away thy fears [1517]114 O Christ! how good and fair [1518]57 O Christ, my Light, my gracious Savior [1519]63 O Christ, my only Life and Light [1520]63 O Christ, my sweetest Life and Light [1521]63 O Christ! what consolation [1522]86 O come and dwell in me [1523]136 O Come, my soul with singing [1524]53 O come with prayer and singing [1525]38 O enter, Lord, Thy temple [1526]52 O faithful God! O pitying heart [1527]65 O Father! send Thy spirit down [1528]62 O God! from Thee doth wisdom flow [1529]71 O God! how many thankful songs [1530]78 O God most true, most merciful! [1531]65 O God, my Father! thanks to Thee [1532]65 O God of mercy full and free [1533]65 O God! who dost Heav'n's sceptre wield [1534]37 O Head, blood-stained and wounded [1535]86 O Head so full of bruises [1536]86 O Head, so pierced and wounded [1537]86 O Heart of Him who dwells on high [1538]41 O how shall I receive Thee [1539]82 O Jesus Christ! my fairest Light [1540]63 O Jesus Christ! Thy cradle is [1541]57 O Lamb of God, once wounded [1542]86 O Lord! I sing with mouth and heart [1543]53 O my soul, why dost thou grieve [1544]48 O Sacred Head! now wounded (varying centos) [1545]86 O Sacred Head, surrounded [1546]86 O Thou sweetest source of gladness [1547]44 O World! attention lend it [1548]42 O World, behold him dying [1549]137 O, World! behold upon the tree [1550]42 O World! see here suspended [1551]42 O World! see thy Creator [1552]42 O World! see thy life languish [1553]42 Oh! bleeding head, and wounded [1554]86 Oh, how shall I receive Thee [1555]82 Oh Jesus Christ! how bright and fair [1556]78 Oh, wounded head and bleeding [1557]86 On earth I'm but a pilgrim [1558]74 On thy bier how calm thou'rt sleeping [1559]39 Our Lord be praising, All His glory raising [1560]51 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: P
[1561]A [1562]B [1563]C [1564]D [1565]E [1566]F [1567]G [1568]H [1569]I
[1570]J K [1571]L [1572]M [1573]N [1574]O [1575]P [1576]Q [1577]R
[1578]S [1579]T [1580]U V [1581]W X [1582]Y Z
Page Praise God! for forth hath sounded [1583]50 Praise God! revere Him! all ye men that fear Him [1584]51 Praise ye Jehovah, all ye men who fear Him [1585]51 Put thou thy trust in God [1586]114 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: Q
[1587]A [1588]B [1589]C [1590]D [1591]E [1592]F [1593]G [1594]H [1595]I
[1596]J K [1597]L [1598]M [1599]N [1600]O [1601]P [1602]Q [1603]R
[1604]S [1605]T [1606]U V [1607]W X [1608]Y Z
Page
Quietly rest the woods and dales [1609]98
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Index of English Versions: R
[1610]A [1611]B [1612]C [1613]D [1614]E [1615]F [1616]G [1617]H [1618]I
[1619]J K [1620]L [1621]M [1622]N [1623]O [1624]P [1625]Q [1626]R
[1627]S [1628]T [1629]U V [1630]W X [1631]Y Z
Page Rest in the Lord, my soul [1632]138 Retake thy own Possession [1633]52 Rise, my soul, shake off all sadness [1634]58 Rise, my soul, thy vigil keep [1635]98 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: S
[1636]A [1637]B [1638]C [1639]D [1640]E [1641]F [1642]G [1643]H [1644]I
[1645]J K [1646]L [1647]M [1648]N [1649]O [1650]P [1651]Q [1652]R
[1653]S [1654]T [1655]U V [1656]W X [1657]Y Z
Page Say with what salutations [1658]82 Scarce tongue can speak, ne'er human ken [1659]62 See, bowed beneath a fearful weight [1660]104 See the sun's glorious light [1661]76 See World! thy Life assailed [1662]42 See, World, upon the bloody tree [1663]42 See, World, upon the shameful tree [1664]42 Seven times the Savior spake--my heart [1665]60 Shall I not his praise be singing [1666]69 Shall I not my God be praising [1667]69 Shall I not sing praise to Thee [1668]69 Shan't I sing to my Creator [1669]69 Should I not, in meek adoring [1670]69 Shun, my heart, the thought forever [1671]*** Since Jesus is my friend [1672]126 Sunbeams all golden [1673]76 Sweetest Fount of holy gladness [1674]44 Sweetest joy the soul can know [1675]44 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: T
[1676]A [1677]B [1678]C [1679]D [1680]E [1681]F [1682]G [1683]H [1684]I
[1685]J K [1686]L [1687]M [1688]N [1689]O [1690]P [1691]Q [1692]R
[1693]S [1694]T [1695]U V [1696]W X [1697]Y Z
Page Thank God it hath resounded [1698]50 The daylight disappeareth [1699]77 The duteous day now closeth [1700]98 The golden corn now waxes strong [1701]131 The golden morning [1702]76 The golden sunbeams with their joyous gleams [1703]76 The Lord, the earth who ruleth [1704]54 The mystery hidden from the eyes [1705]62 The sun's golden beams [1706]76 The time is very near [1707]57 The woods are hushed; o'er town and plain [1708]98 The world may rise against me round [1709]126 Thee, O Immanuel, we praise [1710]110 There is no condemnation [1711]126 Thou art but man, to thee 'tis known [1712]67 Thou art mine own, art still mine own [1713]50 Thou must not altogether be [1714]38 Thou on the Lord rely [1715]114 Thou pierced and wounded brow [1716]86 Thou seest our weakness, Lord [1717]114 Thou'rt mine, yes, still thou art mine own [1718]50 Thousand times by me be greeted [1719]40 Through waves and clouds and storms [1720]114 Thy everlasting truth [1721]114 Thy manger is my paradise [1722]57 Thy mighty working, mighty God [1723]131 Thy Thanks, my Soul, be raising [1724]95 Thy way and all thy sorrows [1725]114 'Tis patience must support you [1726]72 To God commit thy griefs [1727]114 To God thy way commending [1728]114 To God's all-gracious heart and mind [1729]48 To Thee, Immanuel, we sing, the Prince [1730]110 Tranquilly lead thee, peace possessing [1731]74 Twofold, Father, is my pray'r [1732]47 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: U
[1733]A [1734]B [1735]C [1736]D [1737]E [1738]F [1739]G [1740]H [1741]I
[1742]J K [1743]L [1744]M [1745]N [1746]O [1747]P [1748]Q [1749]R
[1750]S [1751]T [1752]U V [1753]W X [1754]Y Z
Page Up, my heart! rejoice with singing [1755]58 Up, Up, my heart, with gladness, Receive [1756]44 Up! up! my heart with gladness, See [1757]44 Up! with gladness heavenward springing [1758]58 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: W
[1759]A [1760]B [1761]C [1762]D [1763]E [1764]F [1765]G [1766]H [1767]I
[1768]J K [1769]L [1770]M [1771]N [1772]O [1773]P [1774]Q [1775]R
[1776]S [1777]T [1778]U V [1779]W X [1780]Y Z
Page Wake, my heart, and sing His praises [1781]95 Wake up, my heart, elater [1782]95 We go to meet Thee, Savior [1783]82 We sing to Thee, Emmanuel, the Prince [1784]110 We sing to Thee, Immanuel, Thou Prince of Life [1785]110 What God decrees, child of His love [1786]56 What God decrees, take patiently [1787]56 What is our mortal race [1788]76 What pleases God, O pious soul [1789]56 What pleaseth God, my faithful child [1790]56 What pleaseth God with joy receive [1791]56 Wherefore dost Thou, blest of God [1792]51 Wherefore dost thou longer tarry [1793]51 Wherefore should I grieve and pine [1794]108 Wherefore, then, should I be gloomy [1795]108 Who is so full of tenderness [1796]78 Why, my soul, thus trembling ever [1797]108 Why should I continue grieving [1798]108 Why should sorrow ever grieve me [1799]108 Why should they such pain e'er give Thee [1800]42 Why this sad and mournful guise [1801]48 Why, without, then, art Thou staying [1802]51 With all Thy saints, Thee, Lord, we sing [1803]110 With notes of joy and songs of praise [1804]38 __________________________________________________________________
Index of English Versions: Y
[1805]A [1806]B [1807]C [1808]D [1809]E [1810]F [1811]G [1812]H [1813]I
[1814]J K [1815]L [1816]M [1817]N [1818]O [1819]P [1820]Q [1821]R
[1822]S [1823]T [1824]U V [1825]W X [1826]Y Z
Page Yes, thou art mine, still mine, my son [1827]50 __________________________________________________________________
INDEX OF GERHARDT'S HYMNS [228]
Goedeke Page Subject No. of English versions Page Ach treuer Gott, barmherzigs Herz [1828]209 Cross and Consolation 3 65 Also hat Gott die Welt geliebt [1829]256 God's Love; John III, 16 1 71 Auf, auf, mein Herz, mit Freuden [1830]74 Easter 2 44 Auf den Nebel folgt die Sonne [1831]232 Praise and Thanksgiving 2 68 Barmherziger Vater, höchster Gott [1832]212 Cross and Consolation 1 66 Befiehl du deine Wege [1833]185 Cross and Consolation 18 114 Der Herr, der aller Enden [1834]120 Praise and Thanksgiving 1 54 Der Tag mit seinem Lichte [1835]296 Evening 1 77 Die güldne Sonne [1836]293 Morning 7 76 Die Zeit ist nunmehr nah [1837]142 Eternal Life 3 57 Du bist ein Mensch, das weiszst du wol [1838]220 Cross and Consolation 1 67 Du bist zwar mein und bleibest mein [1839]100 Eternal Life 4 50 Du liebe Unschuld du [1840]3 Cross and Consolation 1 36 Du meine Seele, singe [1841]115 Psalm CXLVI 1 53 Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld [1842]68 Passiontide 10 104 Frölich sell mein Herze springen [1843]155 Christmas 11 58 Geduld ist euch vonnöten [1844]267 Cross and Consolation 1 72 Gegrüszet seist du, Gott, mein Heil [1845]46 Passiontide 2 41 Geh aus mein Herz und suche Freud [1846]239 Summer 10 131 Gib dich zufrieden und sei stille [1847]274 Cross and Consolation 3 74 Gott Lob! nun ist erschollen [1848]95 Praise and Thanksgiving 2 50 Gott, Vater, sende deinen Geist [1849]173 Whitsuntide 1 62 Herr, aller Weisheit Quell und Grund [1850]260 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 71 Herr, du erforschest meinen Sinn [1851]287 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 75 Herr Gott, du bist ja für und für [1852]315 Eternal Life 1 80 Herr, höre was mein Mund [1853]65 Repentance 1 41 Hör an, mein Herz, die sieben Wort [1854]161 Passiontide 3 60 Ich bin ein Gast auf Erden [1855]284 Eternal Life 4 74 Ich danke dir demütiglich [1856]205 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 65 Ich, der ich oft in tiefes Leid [1857]298 Psalm CXLV 2 78 Ich erhebe, Herr, zu dir [1858]93 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 49 Ich hab in Gottes Herz und Sinn [1859]83 Cross and Consolation 2 48 Ich hab oft bei mir selbst gedacht [1860]226 Cross and Consolation 1 68 Ich habs verdient, was will ich doch [1861]224 Cross and Consolation 1 67 Ich singe dir mit Herz und Mund [1862]118 Praise and Thanksgiving 6 53 Ich steh an deiner Krippen hier [1863]158 Christmas 3 60 Ich weisz, dasz mein Erlöser lebt [1864]331 Job XIX, 25-27 2 81 Ich weisz, mein Gott, dasz all mein Thun [1865]217 Prayer and the Christian Life 2 66 Ist Gott für mich, so trete [1866]229 Trust in God; Cross and Consolation 7 126 Jesu, allerliebster Bruder [1867]263 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 72 Johannes sahe durch Gesicht [1868]319 Eternal Life 1 80 Kommt und laszt uns Christum ehren [1869]312 Christmas 4 79 Lobet den Herren, alle, die ihn fürchten [1870]106 Morning 3 51 Nach dir, o Herr, verlanget mich [1871]91 Repentance 1 49 Nicht so traurig, nicht so sehr [1872]89 Cross and Consolation 4 48 Noch dennoch muszt du drum nicht ganz [1873]23 Cross and Consolation 1 38 Nun danket all und bringet Ehr [1874]78 Praise and Thanksgiving 1 46 Nun, du lebest, unsre Krone [1875]28 Eternal Life 1 39 Nun ist der Regen hin [1876]17 Gratitude for Sunlight 1 37 Nun laszt uns gehn und treten [1877]19 New Year 5 38 Nun ruhen alle Wälder [1878]60 Evening 17 98 Nun sei getrost und unbetrübt [1879]271 Eternal Life 1 73 O du allersüszste Freude [1880]76 Whitsuntide 2 44 O Gott, mein Schöpfer, edler Fürst [1881]81 Prayer and the Christian Life 2 48 O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden [1882]49 Passiontide 10 86 O Herrscher in dem Himmelszelt [1883]15 Petition during a storm 1 37 O Herz des Königs aller Welt [1884]47 Passiontide 1 41 O Jesu Christ, dein Kripplein ist [1885]153 Christmas 4 57 O Jesu Christ, mein schönstes Licht [1886]200 Prayer and the Christian Life 2 63 O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben [1887]71 Passiontide 10 42 Schaut, schaut, was ist für Wunder dar [1888]310 Christmas 1 79 Schwing dich auf zu deinem Gott [1889]135 Cross and Consolation 1 55 Sei frölich alles weit und breit [1890]171 Easter 1 61 Sei mir tausendmal gegrüszet [1891]40 Passiontide 2 40 Sollt ich meinen Gott nicht singen [1892]235 Praise and Thanksgiving 8 69 Voller Wunder, voller Kunst [1893]304 Marriage 4 79 Wach auf, mein Herz, und singe [1894]59 Morning 5 95 Warum machet solche Schmerzen [1895]67 New Year 2 42 Warum sollt ich mich denn grämen [1896]122 Cross and Consolation 5 108 Warum willst du drauszen stehen [1897]108 Advent 3 51 Was alle Weisheit in der Welt [1898]176 Holy Trinity 2 62 Was Gott gefällt, mein frommes Kind [1899]139 Cross and Consolation 4 56 Was traurest du, mein Angesicht [1900]289 Eternal Life 1 76 Weg, mein Herz, mit den Gedanken [1901]62 Repentance 2 41 Wie ist es müglich, höchstes Licht [1902]324 Praise and Thanksgiving 1 81 Wie ist so grosz und schwer die Last [1903]7 Praise and Thanksgiving 1 36 Wie lang, o Herr, wie lange soll [1904]178 Cross and Consolation 1 62 Wie schouml;n ists doch, Herr Jesu Christ [1905]302 Matrimony 1 78 Wie soll ich dich empfangen [1906]25 Advent 8 82 Wir singen dir, Emanuel [1907]150 Christmas 11 110 Wol dem, der den Herren scheuet [1908]130 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 55 Wol dem Menschen, der nicht wandelt [1909]124 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 54 Zeuch ein zu deinen Thoren [1910]111 Whitsuntide 6 52 Zweierlei bitt ich von dir [1911]80 Prayer and the Christian Life 1 47 __________________________________________________________________
84 Hymns. Total number of English versions 271 __________________________________________________________________
[228] This index includes only those 84 poems for which English versions have been found. __________________________________________________________________
[223] In these tabulations the poems are numbered according to the page on which they begin in the Goedeke text, thus: 153, 12 means poem no. 153, line 12. __________________________________________________________________
Appendix to the Electronic Edition
This text is hyperlinked to translations of available at CCEL. The complete works of [1912]Catherine Winkworth are exhaustively linked; other texts were linked if they could be identified with one of the listed translations, or if no listed translation was available. An appendix contains translations from other printed sources [229] of selected translations unrepresented in CCEL. (As is common practice, the secondary sources frequently alter or abridge the texts, sometimes without notice.) __________________________________________________________________
Paul Gerhardt, 1648.
Composite.
Hymnal and Order of Service, #400
Shun, my heart, the thought forever
That thou hast been cast away,
Rest upon God's Word and favor,
Never cease to watch and pray.
E'en though thou unrighteous art,
True and faithful is God's heart;
Hast thou death deserved forever?
God's appeased, despond thou never!
Thou art, as is ev'ry other,
Tainted with the bane of sin
That the serpent through our father
Adam, by the fall, brought in.
But if thou God's voice dost hear,
With a contrite heart draw near
Unto God, he will receive thee,
All thy sins He will forgive thee.
Thou wilt find in Him a Father
Who is patient, kind, and true,
He doth love thee as no brother
And no other friend can do.
E'en our smallest cares He knows,
He is touched by all our woes;
Our most secret prayers He heareth,
And our saddened hearts He cheereth.
Hear His word, "As I am living,
I the death of none would see,
But that every sinner, giving
Up his heart, would turn to Me.
How my heart with rapture burns
When a prodigal returns!
My own child I love to call him,
And no evil shall befall him."
Never shepherd's heart so yearneth
For the sheep that go astray
As God's loving bosom burneth
For His erring child alway.
How He thirsts, and longs, and yearns
For the soul that from Him turns!
Couldst thou know His love so tender,
Thou wouldst praise unto Him render.
Of such wondrous love and favor
Open wide the door to me,
And Thy goodness, precious Saviour,
Let me ever taste and see.
Love me, Lord, and let me be
Ever nearer drawn to Thee;
Let Thy Spirit lead and guide me,
In Thy loving bosom hide me. __________________________________________________________________
Ich singe dir mit Herz und Mund, 1653
(1-5) 1765. J Haberkorn; (6, 7) 1746-54. M.
Moravian Hymn Book, #23
I'll praise thee with my heart and tongue,
O Lord, my soul's delight,
Declaring to the world in song
Thy glory, praise and might.
Thou art th'eternal source of grace,
The fount of lasting bliss;
From thee unto the human race
Flows all true happiness.
On thee, almighty Lord of hosts,
Depend our life and all;
Thou keepest watch around our coasts,
Protecting great and small.
Thy chastisements are nought but love;
When we our sins confess,
We thy forgiveness richly prove;
'Tis thy delight to bless.
Hast thou not tended us and fed,
E'en from our earliest days;
Our souls with loving-kindness led
Through many dangerous ways?
God never yet mistake hath made
In his vast government;
And all he doth permit or aid
Is blest in the event.
Then murmur not, but be resigned
To his most holy will;
Peace, rest and comfort thou wilt find,
My soul, in being still. __________________________________________________________________
Salve mundi Salutare. 12th Cent. Bernard of Clairvaux.
Sei mir tausendmal gegrüsset. 1653.
1754. J. Gambold, a.
Moravian Hymn Book, #97
Thousand times by me be greeted,
Jesus, who has lovèd me,
And thyself to death submitted
For my treason against thee:
Ah, how happy do I feel,
When 'fore thee I humbly kneel,
See thee on the cross expiring,
And true life for me acquiring.
Jesus, thee I view in spirit,
Covered o'er with blood and wounds:
Now salvation through thy merit
For my sin-sick soul abounds:
O who can, thou Prince of Peace,
Who didst thirst for our release,
Fully fathom all that's treasured
In thy love's design unmeasured?
Heal me, O my soul's Physician,
Wheresoe'er I'm sick or sad;
All the woes of my condition
By thy balm be now allayed:
Heal the hurts which Adam wrought,
Or which on myself I've brought;
If thy blood me only cover,
My distress will soon be over.
With the deepest adoration
Humbly at thy feet I lie,
And with fervent supplication
Unto thee for succour cry:
My petition kindly hear;
Say in answer to my prayer,
'I will change thy grief and sadness
Into comfort, joy, and gladness.' __________________________________________________________________
Ist Gott füf mich, so trete.
1656. P. Gerhardt
1725. J. C. Jacobi, a.
Moravian Hymn Book, #376
Is God my strong salvation,
No enemy I fear,
He hears my supplication,
Dispelling all my care:
If he, my Head and Master,
Defend me from above,
What pain, or what disaster,
Can part me from his love?
I fully am persuaded
And joyfully declare,
I'm never left unaided,
My Father hears my prayer;
His comforts never fail me,
He stands at my right hand;
When tempests fierce assail me,
They're calm at his command.
The ground of my profession
Is Jesus and his blood;
He giveth me possession
Of everlasting good.
To me his Spirit speaketh
Full many a precious word--
Of rest to him who seeketh
A refuge in the Lord.
Should earth lose its foundation,
He stands my lasting rock;
No temporal desolation
Shall give my love a shock;
I'll cleave to Christ my Saviour,
No object, small or great,
Nor height, no depth, shall ever
Me from him separate.
My merry heart is springing,
It can no more be sad;
With laughter and with singing,
In God's own sunshine glad;
For Christ is now preparing
His city new and bright,
Where saints his throne are sharing
And faith is turned to sight. __________________________________________________________________
Wach auf mein Herz! und singe.
1648. P. Gerhardt.
1722. J. C. Jacobi, a.
Moravian Hymn Book, #727
My soul, awake and render
To God, thy great defender,
The God of all the living,
Thy prayer and thy thanksgiving.
When night had closed around me,
The darkness helpless found me;
But happy was my sleeping
In his most gracious keeping.
With joy I still discover
Thy light, O Lord, my Lover;
My thanks shall be the spices
Of morning sacrifices.
Be thou my only treasure,
Fulfil in me thy pleasure,
Thy word my spirit feeding,
Thy light still onward leading.
Thy love, which once did find me,
To thee shall ever bind me;
My life to thee be tending
Beginning, middle, ending. __________________________________________________________________
P. Gerhardt, 1648.
Mrs. Elizabeth Charles, 1848, alt.
Lutheran Hymnary, #301
A Lamb goes uncomplaining forth,
The guilt of all men bearing;
Laden with all the sins of earth,
None else the burden sharing!
Goes patient on, grows weak and faint,
To slaughter led without complaint,
That spotless life to offer;
Bears shame, and stripes, and wounds and death,
Anguish and mockery, and saith,
"Willing all this I suffer."
That Lamb is Lord of death and life,
God over all forever;
The Father's Son, whom to that strife
Love doth for us deliver!
O mighty Love! what hast Thou done!
The Father offers up His Son--
The Son content descendeth!
O Love, O Love! how strong art Thou!
In shroud and grave Thou lay'st Him low
Whose word the mountains rendeth!
Him on the cross, O Love, Thou lay'st,
Fast to that torture nailing,
Him as a spotless Lamb Thou slay'st;
His heart and flesh are failing--
The body with that crimson flood,
That precious tide of noble blood,
The heart with anguish breaking!
O Lamb! what shall I render Thee
For all Thy tender love to me,
Or what return be making?
My lifelong days would I still Thee
Be steadfastly beholding;
Thee ever, as Thou ever me,
With loving arms enfolding,
And when my heart grows faint and chill,
My heart's undying light, O still
Abide unchanged before me!
Myself Thy heritage I sign,
Ransomed to be forever Thine,
My only hope and glory.
I of Thy majesty and grace
Would night and day be singing;
A sacrifice of joy and praise
Myself to Thee still bringing.
My stream of life shall flow to Thee
Its steadfast current ceaselessly
In praise to Thee outpouring;
And all the good Thou dost to me
I'll treasure in my memory,
Deep in my heart's depths storing!
Shrine of my heart, give larger space
For wealth that passeth measure!
Thou must become a royal place
For all-excelling treasure.
Away, world, with thy golden hoard,
And all the glories in thee stored,
My treasure is in heaven;
For I have found true riches now;
My treasure, Christ, my Lord art Thou
Thy blood so freely given!
This treasure ever I employ,
This ever aid shall yield me;
In sorrow it shall be my joy,
In conflict it shall shield me.
In joy, the music of my feast;
And when all else has lost its zest,
This manna still shall feed me;
In thirst my drink, in want my food,
My company in solitude,
To comfort and to lead me!
And when I enter on Thy joys,
With Thee Thy kingdom sharing,
Thyself my robe of triumph, Lord,
Thy blood my right declaring,
Shall place upon my head the crown,
Shall lead me to the Father's throne,
And raiment fit provide me;
Till I, by Him to Thee betrothed,
By Thee in bridal constume clothed,
Stand as a bride beside Thee! __________________________________________________________________
P. Gerhardt, 1658.
A. T. Russell, 1851.
Lutheran Hymnary, #157
O how shall I receive Thee,
How meet Thee on Thy way;
Blest hope of every nation,
My soul's delight and stay?
O Jesus, Jesus, give me,
By Thine illuming light,
To know whate'er is pleasing
And welcome in Thy sight.
Thy Zion psalms is strewing
With branches fresh and fair;
And every soul awaking,
Her anthem shall prepare;
Perpetual thanks and praises
Forth from our hearts shall spring;
And to Thy name the service
Of all our powers we bring.
O ye who sorrow, sinking
Beneath your grief and pain,
Rejoice in His appearing,
Who shall your souls sustain;
He comes, He comes with gladness!
How great is His good-will!
He comes, all grief and anguish
Shall at His word be still.
Ye who with guilty terror
Are trembling, fear no more;
With love and grace the Savior
Shall you to hope restore;
He comes, who contrite sinners
Will with the children place,
The children of His Father,
The heirs of life and grace.
He comes, the Lord, to judgment;
Woe, woe to them who hate!
To those who love and seek Him
He opes the heavenly gate.
Come quickly, gracious Savior,
And gather us to Thee,
That in the light eternal
Our joyous home may be. __________________________________________________________________
P. Gerhardt, 1667.
J. Oxenford, 1859.
Lutheran Hymnary, #332
I know that my Redeemer lives,
In this my faith is fast;
And whatsoe'er against Him strives
Will surely fall at last.
He lives, the mighty One, I know,
Whose arm overcomes the strongest foe,
Who death and hell hath vanquished.
He lives, He lives; though dust shall lie
Upon my mouldering head,
Yet He will call me, by and by,
To quit an earthly bed;
And I shall waken at His voice,
Rise re-embodied, and rejoice
To look on my Redeemer.
His promise, who hath ne'er deceived,
In life and death I trust;
The Lord in whom I have believed
Will raise my sleeping dust:
In this my very flesh that dies
I shall revive, and with these eyes
Shall see the God who made me.
Myself shall see Him in my flesh,
With all His glory bright;
His presence shall my heart refresh,
And fill my soul with light.
Myself shall ever on Him gaze,
Myself shall ever sound His praise,
Myself, and not another.
Rise, then, my soul, e'en now, and life
In hope's divine abode!
Let earth and Satan vainly strive
To tear thee from thy God.
The bier, the coffin, let them show
The grave, the gloom, the worm--"I know
That my Redeemer liveth." __________________________________________________________________
P. Gerhardt, 1653.
Miss Frances E. Cox, 1864.
Lutheran Hymnary, #383
I sing to Thee with voice and heart,
Of all my joys the well;
I sing, that, that I know Thou art
My lips to all may tell;
That Thou a fountain art of grace,
With blessings richly stored
For all, in every time and place,
This well I know, O Lord.
Cheer up, faint heart, rejoice and sing,
All anxious fear resign;
For God, the sovereign Lord and King,
Is thy God, even thine:
He is thy portion, He thy joy,
Thy life, and light, and Lord;
Thy counsellor when doubts annoy,
Thy shield and great reward.
In restless thoughts or dark despair
Why spend the day and night?
On Him who loves thee cast thy care;
He makes our burdens light:
Did not His love, and truth, and power
Watch o'er thy childhood's day?
Hath He not oft, in threatening hour,
Turned dreaded ills away!
His wisdom never plans in vain,
Ne'er falters, or mistakes;
All that His counsels wise ordain
A happy ending makes:
Upon thy mouth, then, lay thy hand,
And trust His guiding eye;
Thus, firm as rock, thy feet shall stand,
Now and eternally. __________________________________________________________________
P. Gerhardt, 1553
M. B. Landstad, 1861
C. Doving, 1906
Lutheran Hymnary, #455
Blessed is the man that never
Doth in godless counsel meet;
Nor in sinners' way stands ever,
Nor sits in the scorner's seat,
But on God's all-perfect law
Meditates with holy awe;
Day and night he delves for treasure
In the word--'tis all his pleasure.
As a tree that has been planted
By the flowing waters fair,
In its season e'er is granted
Fruits and foliage to bear,
So is he, the righteous, seen
Ever fruitful, ever green,
And his leaf shall wither never,
All he does shall prosper ever.
To the wicked 'tis not given
Such a happy lot to share;
As the chaff by wind is driven
So shall the ungodly fare;
They in judgment shall not stand,
Nor be in the righteous band:
These the Lord forsaketh never,
Those thall be cast off forever.
For the Lord His people knoweth,
His pure eyes behold their way,
And the blessing He bestoweth
Is their heritage for aye:
But the wicked ever tend
To their doom and to their end:
God will all the righteous cherish,
But the wicked ones shall perish. __________________________________________________________________
O du allersüsste Freude. 1648. P. Gerhardt.
1725. J. C. Jacobi, a; 1776. A. Toplady, a.
Moravian Hymn Book, #199
Holy Ghost, dispel our sadness,
Pierce the clouds of sinful night;
Come, thou source of sweetest gladness,
Breathe thy life, and spread thy light.
From that height which knows no measure
As a gracious shower descend,
Bringing down the richest treasure
Man can wish, or God can send!
[Come, Thou best of all donations...]
[Known to Thee are all recesses...]
Manifest thy love for ever;
Fence us in on every side;
In distress be our Reliever,
Guard and teach, support and guide.
[Be our Friend on each occasion...]
When we die, be our Salvation,
Raise us glorious from the grave;
Perfect thus thy new creation,
God! omnipotent to save. __________________________________________________________________
P Gerhardt. 1653.
Lutheran Hymnary, #436
I will sing my Maker's praises,
And in Him most joyful be,
For in all things I see traces
Of the good He meaneth me:
Nothing else but love could move Him
With such sweet and tender care
All who try to serve and love Him
Evermore to raise and bear.
Yea, so dear doth he esteem me,
That the Son He loves so well
He hath given to redeem me
From the quenchless flames of Hell;
Well of life that springeth ever!
Sea of love that hath no ground!
Fruitless were my best endeavor
Depth of love like Thine to sound.
All which for my soul is needful
He will carefully provide
Nor of that is he unheedful
Which my body needs beside:
When my strength cannot avail me--
At the best a broken reed--
God appears; He will not fail me
In the time of utmost need.
As a father ne'er removeth
All his love for some lost child,
But the prodigal still loveth,
Yearning to be reconciled;
So my sins and many errors
Find a tender pardoning God,
Who doth not with penal terrors
Chasten them, but with the rod.
All His blows and scourges truly
For the moment grievous prove,
And yet, when I weigh them duly,
Are but tokens of His love;
Proofs that He is watching o'er me,
And would, by the cross and rod,
From this wicked world restore me
To my Father and my God.
Since then neither change nor coldness
In His precious love can be,
Lo! I lift my hands with boldness,
As a child I come to Thee.
Grant me grace, O God, I pray Thee,
That I may with all my might
Love, and trust Thee, and obey Thee,
Till I reach the realms of light. __________________________________________________________________
P. Gerhardt. 1653.
trans., Angelo A. Benson. 1862.
Lutheran Hymnary, #342
Why, my soul, thus trembling ever?
Have no fear;
Christ is near;
Naught from thee can sever,
Heaven is thine, and Christ shall own thee;
Faithful be
Until He
Shall with triumph crown thee.
Painful cross if He should send me,
Shall I faint
With complaint,
Lest the grief should end me?
He hath borne the cross before me;
Soon no pain
Shall remain,
Only peace be o'er me.
Hopeful, cheerful, and undaunted,
Everywhere
They appear
Who in Christ are planted;
Death itself cannot appall them;
They rejoice
When the voice
Of their Lord doth call them.
Death cannot destroy forever;
From our fears,
Cares and tears,
Soon shall it deliver,
Doors of grief and gloom it closes,
While the soul,
Free and whole,
With the saints reposes.
Lord, my Shepherd, take me to Thee!
I am Thine,
Thou art mine,
Even ere I knew Thee.
I am Thine, for Thou hast bought me:
Lost I stood,
But Thy blood
Free salvation brought me.
Thou art mine, and, for my guiding,
Be my bright
Shining light
In my heart abiding!
Savior dear! let me, attaining
To Thy side,
There abide,
With Thee ever reigning! __________________________________________________________________
[229] 1925 Lutheran "Hymnal and Order of Service", 1913/1935 "Lutheran Hymnary", and 1912 "Moravian Hymn Book". __________________________________________________________________
Indexes __________________________________________________________________
Subject Index
Alexander, James Waddell, [1913]appendix.app_bio.bAlexand-p0.2
Beddome, Benjamin, [1914]appendix.app_bio.bBeddome-p0.2
Bevan, Emma Frances, [1915]appendix.app_bio.bBevanE-p0.2
Borthwick, Jane, [1916]appendix.app_bio.bBorthwi-p0.2
Buckoll, Henry James, [1917]appendix.app_bio.bBuckoll-p0.2
Burns, James Drummond, [1918]appendix.app_bio.bBurnsJ-p0.2
Charles, Elizabeth, [1919]appendix.app_bio.bCharles-p0.2
Cox, Frances Elizabeth, [1920]appendix.app_bio.bCoxFra-p0.2
Dunn, Catherine Hannah, [1921]appendix.app_bio.bDunnCa-p0.2
Findlater, Mrs. (Sarah Borthwick), [1922]appendix.app_bio.bFindlat-p0.2
Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon, [1923]appendix.app_bio.bFrothin-p0.2
Gambold, John, [1924]appendix.app_bio.bGambold-p0.2
Gerhardt, Paul
4, [1925]titlepag-p0.1
Guthrie, John, [1926]appendix.app_bio.bGuthrie-p0.2
Jackson, Samuel Macauley, [1927]appendix.app_bio.bJackson-p0.2
Jacobi, John Christian, [1928]appendix.app_bio.bJacobi-p0.2
Kelly, John, [1929]appendix.app_bio.bKellyJ-p0.2
Kennedy, Benjamin Hall, [1930]appendix.app_bio.bKennedy-p0.2
Manington, Alice, [1931]appendix.app_bio.bManingt-p0.2
Massie, Edward, [1932]appendix.app_bio.bMassieE-p0.2
Massie, Richard, [1933]appendix.app_bio.bMassieR-p0.2
Mills, Henry, [1934]appendix.app_bio.bMillsH-p0.2
Molther, Philipp Heinrich, [1935]appendix.app_bio.bMolther-p0.2
Montgomery, James, [1936]appendix.app_bio.bMontgom-p0.2
Russell, Arthur Tozer, [1937]appendix.app_bio.bRussell-p0.2
Stallybrass, James Steven, [1938]appendix.app_bio.bStallyb-p0.2
Stryker, Melancthon Woolsey, [1939]appendix.app_bio.bStryker-p0.2
Thring, Edward, [1940]appendix.app_bio.bThring-p0.2
Warner, Anna, [1941]appendix.app_bio.bWarner-p0.2
Wesley, Charles, [1942]appendix.app_bio.bWesleyC-p0.2
Wesley, John, [1943]appendix.app_bio.bWesleyJ-p0.2
Winkworth, Catherine, [1944]appendix.app_bio.bWinkwor-p0.2 __________________________________________________________________
Index of Scripture References
Genesis
[1945]24:31
Job
[1946]19:25-27 [1947]19:25-27
Psalms
[1948]1 [1949]23 [1950]25 [1951]27 [1952]37:5 [1953]37:5
[1954]37:5-7 [1955]37:7 [1956]37:7 [1957]39:12 [1958]42:6-12
[1959]46 [1960]73:23 [1961]90 [1962]112 [1963]116:7
[1964]119 [1965]121 [1966]128 [1967]143 [1968]145 [1969]146
Proverbs
[1970]30:7-9
Jeremiah
[1971]10:23
Matthew
[1972]11:28 [1973]21:1-9 [1974]23:37 [1975]23:37
Luke
[1976]2:15 [1977]2:21 [1978]12:31 [1979]15
John
[1980]3:16
Acts
[1981]3:20 [1982]5:38-39
Romans
[1983]8:31-39
1 Timothy
[1984]4:6
Hebrews
[1985]4:9 [1986]10:35-37
Revelation
[1987]7:9-17 __________________________________________________________________
Index of Pages of the Print Edition
[1988]i [1989]ii [1990]iii [1991]iv [1992]v [1993]vi [1994]vii
[1995]viii [1996]x [1997]xi [1998]xii [1999]xiii [2000]xiv
[2001]xv [2002]xvi [2003]1 [2004]2 [2005]3 [2006]4 [2007]5
[2008]6 [2009]7 [2010]8 [2011]9 [2012]10 [2013]11 [2014]12
[2015]13 [2016]14 [2017]15 [2018]16 [2019]17 [2020]18 [2021]19
[2022]20 [2023]21 [2024]22 [2025]23 [2026]24 [2027]25 [2028]26
[2029]27 [2030]28 [2031]29 [2032]30 [2033]31 [2034]32 [2035]33
[2036]34 [2037]35 [2038]36 [2039]37 [2040]38 [2041]39 [2042]40
[2043]41 [2044]42 [2045]43 [2046]44 [2047]45 [2048]46 [2049]47
[2050]48 [2051]49 [2052]50 [2053]51 [2054]52 [2055]53 [2056]54
[2057]55 [2058]56 [2059]57 [2060]58 [2061]59 [2062]60 [2063]61
[2064]62 [2065]63 [2066]64 [2067]65 [2068]66 [2069]67 [2070]68
[2071]69 [2072]70 [2073]71 [2074]72 [2075]73 [2076]74 [2077]75
[2078]76 [2079]77 [2080]78 [2081]79 [2082]80 [2083]81 [2084]82
[2085]83 [2086]84 [2087]85 [2088]86 [2089]87 [2090]88 [2091]89
[2092]90 [2093]91 [2094]92 [2095]93 [2096]94 [2097]95 [2098]96
[2099]97 [2100]98 [2101]99 [2102]100 [2103]101 [2104]102
[2105]103 [2106]104 [2107]105 [2108]106 [2109]107 [2110]108
[2111]109 [2112]110 [2113]111 [2114]112 [2115]113 [2116]114
[2117]115 [2118]116 [2119]117 [2120]118 [2121]119 [2122]120
[2123]121 [2124]122 [2125]123 [2126]124 [2127]125 [2128]126
[2129]127 [2130]128 [2131]129 [2132]130 [2133]131 [2134]132
[2135]133 [2136]134 [2137]135 [2138]136 [2139]137 [2140]138
[2141]139 [2142]140 [2143]141 [2144]142 [2145]143 [2146]144
[2147]145 [2148]146 [2149]147 [2150]148 [2151]149 [2152]150
[2153]151 [2154]152 [2155]153 [2156]154 [2157]155 [2158]156
[2159]157 [2160]158 [2161]159 [2162]160 [2163]161 [2164]162
[2165]163 [2166]164 [2167]165 [2168]166 [2169]167 [2170]168
[2171]169 __________________________________________________________________
This document is from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College, http://www.ccel.org, generated on demand from ThML source.
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