Here are the extracts from Newberry. I am not quoting each section in full, just the parts pertaining to the Hebrew words, and where there is a tense connected which adds to the meaning. I hope you find them as illuminating as I did.
ELOAH
God singular, from Ahlah, to worship, to adore, presents God as the one supreme object of worship, the Adorable One.
ELAH, or Elahah
corresponds to Eloah in Chaldee
(Ezra, Daniel, and one verse in Jeremiah).
ELOHIM
God, plural of Eloah, occurs about 2500 times first in Gen 1:1. Here it is joined to a verb in the singluar "God (Elohim, plural) created" (singular) - showing Trinity acting in unity.
[i]Note from me: Elohim is not limited to three. I believe the Hebrew indicates more than two, and, there is a name which indicates only two - not sure which. See the seven spirits of God in Revelation, and the stone with seven eyes in Zechariah. There's more, but I can't expound it.) Anyone, if I'm mistaken, please challenge with a correction. Thanks.[/i]
JEHOVAH
The Lord. The title Jehovah occurs about 7600 times but it is generally rendered 'the Lord', and only occasionally 'Jehovah'. [i]I can give you references for these occurences if you want them.[/i]
It first occurs, in connection with Elohim, in Gen 2:4. and alone, Gen 4:1, 3.
The signification is - He that always was, that always is, and that ever is to come. (Rev 1:4).
It is a combination in marvellous perfection of the three periods of existence in one word, the future, the present and the past.
First Yehi "he will be", long tense
Second Hove "being", participle,
Third Hahyah "he was", short tense.
YEH(i)(h)OV(a)(hahy)AH. Yehovah or Jehovah.
EHYEH ASHER AHYEH - I am that I am
Leterally "I will be that I will be". But as the so-called future or long tense expresses not simply the [i]future,[/i] but also and especially [i]continuance[/i], the force is, "I continue to be, and will be, what I continue to be, and will be"
EL SHADDAY
God Almighty, or God All-Sufficient. El, God singular, Shadday, plural, either from Shaddid, almighty, strong or from SHADDAY, the breasts.
This title combines the singular title El, with the plural title Shadday.
EDIT: If I may add: the 'all-sufficiency' of God is likened in the last title, to the all-sufficiency of breast milk, which satisfies a baby's need for nutrition until six months old or longer. Of course, this ties in with 1 Pet 2:2.
(1 Cor 3:2 and Heb 5:12, 13 are slightly different.)
God used this picture to comfort Abraham that He really could give him everything that he needed.