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St. Augustine

Confessions - Book Xiii - Chapter XI

St. Augustine explores the profound mystery of the omnipotent Trinity, emphasizing the limits of human understanding and the unity of being, knowing, and willing within God.
In this profound teaching from Confessions Book XIII, Chapter XI, St. Augustine delves into the mystery of the Trinity, exploring the relationship between being, knowing, and willing within both the human soul and the divine nature. He highlights the limits of human understanding and the unity that underlies the distinctions within God. Augustine invites listeners to contemplate this divine mystery with humility and reverence.

Text

12. Who can understand the omnipotent Trinity? And yet who does not speak about it, if indeed it is of it that he speaks? Rare is the soul who, when he speaks of it, also knows of what he speaks. And men contend and strive, but no man sees the vision of it without peace. I could wish that men would consider three things which are within themselves. These three things are quite different from the Trinity, but I mention them in order that men may exercise their minds and test themselves and come to realize how different from it they are.[530] The three things I speak of are: to be, to know, and to will. For I am, and I know, and I will. I am a knowing and a willing being; I know that I am and that I will; and I will to be and to know. In these three functions, therefore, let him who can see how integral a life is; for there is one life, one mind, one essence. Finally, the distinction does not separate the things, and yet it is a distinction. Surely a man has this distinction before his mind; let him look into himself and see, and tell me. But when he discovers and can say anything about any one of these, let him not think that he has thereby discovered what is immutable above them all, which is immutably and knows immutably and wills immutably. But whether there is a Trinity there because these three functions exist in the one God, or whether all three are in each Person so that they are each threefold, or whether both these notions are true and, in some mysterious manner, the Infinite is in itself its own Selfsame object--at once one and many, so that by itself it is and knows itself and suffices to itself without change, so that the Selfsame is the abundant magnitude of its Unity--who can readily conceive? Who can in any fashion express it plainly? Who can in any way rashly make a pronouncement about it?

Sermon Outline

  1. I. The Mystery of the Trinity
    • The difficulty of fully understanding the omnipotent Trinity
    • Common human attempts to speak about the Trinity
    • The peace that comes from true vision of the Trinity
  2. II. The Threefold Nature of the Human Soul
    • To be, to know, and to will as integral functions
    • The unity of life, mind, and essence in the soul
    • Distinction without separation within the self
  3. III. Comparing the Human Soul to the Divine Trinity
    • Limitations of human understanding of God's immutable nature
    • The possible relations of the three functions within the Trinity
    • The infinite self-sufficiency and unity of God

Key Quotes

“Rare is the soul who, when he speaks of it, also knows of what he speaks.” — St. Augustine
“I am a knowing and a willing being; I know that I am and that I will; and I will to be and to know.” — St. Augustine
“Who can in any fashion express it plainly? Who can in any way rashly make a pronouncement about it?” — St. Augustine

Application Points

  • Reflect on the unity of your own being, knowing, and willing as a reflection of God's nature.
  • Approach the mystery of God with humility, recognizing the limits of human understanding.
  • Seek peace in faith rather than certainty when contemplating divine mysteries.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does Augustine mean by 'to be, to know, and to will'?
He describes these as three integral functions within the human soul that reflect, though imperfectly, the unity and distinction found in the Trinity.
Why is the Trinity difficult to understand?
Because it is an infinite and immutable mystery that transcends human reason and language.
Does Augustine provide a clear definition of the Trinity?
No, he acknowledges the mystery and refrains from rash pronouncements, inviting contemplation instead.
How can this teaching help believers?
It encourages humility in theological understanding and invites believers to seek peace through faith rather than full comprehension.

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