αἰχμάλωτος aichmalōtos 1x

a captive, Lk. 4:18*

αἰχμάλωτος, -ον

(< αἰχμή, a spear, ἁλίσκομαι, to be taken), [in LXX chiefly for שָׁבָה, גּוֹלָה;]

captive: Lk 4:18(LXX).†

αἰχμάλωτος. The word is found in P Lille I. 38° (after B.c. 241-0) αἰχμαλώτοις els τὴν γινομένην σύνταξιν "] In their note the editors think that the reference is to certain prisoners brought from Asia by Philadelphus (cf. P Petr II. 29(4)* to some of whom a regular ‘‘allowance” or ‘‘ grant” (σύνταξις) may have been made. Dittenberger’s indices show seven inscriptions in $y/< and one in OG/S containing the word, all in the Hellenistic period. For the subst. see Michel 965° (beginning ii/8B.C.) ἔϊσωισεν ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας. amy. Magn 180°". (ii/A.D.) μόνος τῶν ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος νεικήσας ᾿Ολύμπια, etc.—the athlete is claiming to have made a record: cf. the description of a certain ἀρχιερεὺς τῶν θεῶν in Syll 3638 (i/A D.), as διὰ βίου πρῶτον τῶν ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος, and 26. 68638 (ii/A.D.) ἣν μόνος ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος ἀνδρῶν ἐποίησεν. LP Oxy I. 33}: (ii/A.p.) θεωρήσατε ἕνα ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος ἀπαγόμενο]ν, “behold one led off to death,” literally ‘* from life.” Μίπης Tos PE 1. 22% τῶν am αἰῶνος. Preisigke 1105 (i/A.D.) ἐπ᾽ ἀγαθῷ εἰς τὸνι (/. Tov) αἰῶνα. P Giss 1. 1319 (1i/A.D.) ὅπω [9] πλουτή[σ]ῃς εἰς αἰῶ[να] ““ for the rest of your life.” P Oxy I. 41 (ili/iv A.D.) isacurious report of a public meeting at Oxyrhynchus, punctuated with cries of Αγουστοι κύριοι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, ‘the Emperors for ever !” : cf. OG/S 515°° (iii/A.D.) Succlam(atum) est: tsata[va] with Dittenberger’s note. So Syil 376° (i/a.D.) Διὰ ᾿Εἰλευθερίῳ [Népwv]e εἰς aidva: also Magn 1397 (i/B.c.) εὐεργέτην δὲ [γ]εγονότα τοῦ δήμου κατὰ πολλοὺς [τ]ρόπους πρὸς τὸν αἰῶνα, OG/S 38344 (1}8.6.}) εἰς τὸν ἄπειρον ai@va—passages which are sufficient to show how thoroughly ‘‘Greek” the prepositional combinations with αἰών «τε. Reference should be made to Sy// 757 (i/A.D.), an interesting inscription dedicated to Αἰών asa deity. For αἰών = period of life, cf. Sy/Z 3645 (A.D. 37) ὡς ἂν τοῦ ἡδίστου ἀνθρώποις alavo(s) viv ἐνεστῶτος. On the Rosetta stone, OGIS 90 (8.6. 196), Ptolemy V is described as αἰωνόβιος : cf. P Lond 319 (B.c, 146 or 135) (=I. p. 46) ἐπὶ βασιλέως alwyoBlov. So P Giss I. 367° (B.c. 161) βασιλεύ(οντος) αἰωνοβίο(υ) of Ptolemy Philometor. See below on αἰώνιος, where also there are remarks on etymology. > 7 αἰώνιος. Without pronouncing any opinion on the special meaning | which theologians have found for this word, we must note that outside the NT, in the vernacular as in the classical > , axadapoia Greek (see Grimm-Thayer), it never loses the sense of perpetuus (cf. Deissmann &S p. 363, LAZ p. 368). It is a standing epithet of the Emperor's power: thus Cagnat IV. 144° t.at.otkoy of ‘liberius, BGU I. 176 τοῦ αἰωνίου κόσμου of Hadrian. From the beginning of iii/A.D. we have BGU LI. 362' 2 © ὑπὲρ σωτηριῶν καὶ aiw[viov] διαμο[νῆ]ς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Avrtoxpa[topos] Σεουήϊρου ᾿ΑἸντωνίνου. Two examples from iv/A.D. may be quoted addressed to the Emperor Galerius and his colleagues: ὑμετέρῳ θείῳ kal αἰωνίῳ [νεύματι], and [ὑπὲρ] τῆς αἰωνίου kal ἀφθάρτου βασιλείας ὑμῶν, OG/S 569°° *4 Ultimately it becomes a direct epithet of the Emperor himself, taking up the succession of the Ptolemaic αἰωνόβιος (see above under αἰών sub fin). The earliest example of this use we have noted is BGU IV. 1062” (A.D. 236), where it is applied to Maximus: so in P Grenf II. 67”, ayear later. (In both the word is said to be very faint.) P Lond 2339 (=II. p. 273) παρὰ τῆς θιότητος τῶν δεσποτῶν ἡμῶν αἰωνίων Αὐγούστων, referring to Constantius and Constans, is the precursor of a multitude of examples of the epithet as applied to the Christian Emperors. The first volume of the Leipzig Papyri alone has twenty-seven instances of the imperial epithet, all late in iv/A.D. Even in BGU I. 303? (A.D. 586) and 26. 309% (A.D. 602) we have still τοῦ αἰωνίου Αὐγούστου (Maurice). In Sy// 757!” (i/A.D.—see under αἰών) note θείας φύσεως ἐργάτης αἰωνίου (of Time). νὰ 74018 (iii/A.D.) joins it with ἀναφαίρετον. P Grenf II. 711! (iii/A.D.) ὁμολογῶ χαρίζεσθαι ὑμῖν χάριτι αἰωνίᾳ Kal ἀναφαιρέτῳ is a good example of the meaning perpetuus ; and from a much earlier date (i/B.c.) we may select OG/S 3838 Σ᾿ (a passage in the spirit of Job 1924) : ᾿Αντίοχος . - - ἐπὶ καθωσιωμένων βάσεων ἀσύλοις γράμμασιν ἔργα χάριτος ἰδίας εἰς χρόνον ἀνέγραψεν αἰώνιον. Add BGU IL. 5311: 2° (ii/A.p.) ἐὰν δὲ ἀστοχήσῃς [αἰωνίαν μοι λοίπην (7. 6. λύπην) [π]αρέχιν μέλλις. In his Index to OG/S Dittenberger gives fourteen instances of the word. The etymological note on αἰών in Grimm-Thayer, though less antiquated than usual, suggests the addition of a statement on that side. Αἰέν is the old locative of αἰών as αἰές is of alas (acc. αἰῶ in Aeschylus), and αἰεί, ἀεί of *aiFov (Lat. aevum), three collateral declensions from the same root. In the Sanskrit gz and its Zend equivalent the idea of /z/e, and especially dong /ife, predominates. So with the Germanic cognates (Gothic azws). The word, whose root it is of course futile to dig for, is a primitive inheritance from Indo-Germanic days, when it may have meant “long life” or “‘old age”—perhaps the least abstract idea we can find for it in the prehistoric period, so as to account for its derivatives. In general, the word depicts that of which the horizon is not in view, whether the horizon be at an infinite distance, as in Catullus’ poignant lines— Nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda, or whether it lies no farther than the span of a Ceesar’s life.

αἰχμάλωτος (aichmalōtos) — captive. αἰχμᾰλ-ωτος, ον, taken by the spear, captive, prisoner, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently of women, [Refs 5th c.BC+] — αἰχμάλωτοι prisoners of war, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἰ. λαμβάνειν, ἄγειν take prisoner, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἰ. γίγνεσθαι to be taken, [Refs]; of things, αἰ. χρήματα[Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ αἰ. booty, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἰχμάλωτον, τό, ={ἀνδράποδον}, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

II. ={αἰχμαλωτικός, δουλοσύνη αἰ}. such as awaits a captive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. αἰχμάλωτος, ὁ, name of plasters, [Refs 6th c.AD+]