Quick Definition
ἔνοχος, ον Adj involved in, liable
Strong's Definition
from 1758; liable to (a condition, penalty or imputation)
KJV Usage: in danger of, guilty of, subject to
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament
adjc. | -ον | ἔχω
88.312 · Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior · Sin, Wrongdoing, Guilt
guilty, liable pertaining to being guilty for having done wrong (primarily a legal term) In some languages the equivalent of ‘being guilty’ is expressed in terms of the justification for an accusation. Accordingly, this expression in 1CO 11:27 may be rendered as ‘he can rightly be accused of sinning against the Lord’s body and blood.’
88.313 · Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior · Sin, Wrongdoing, Guilt
guilty and deserving, guilty and punishable by pertaining to being guilty and thus deserving some particular penalty
MAT 5:21 · MAT 5:22 · MAT 5:22 · MAT 5:22 · MAT 26:66 · MRK 3:29 · MRK 14:64
37.5 · Control, Rule · Control, Restrain
controlled by, under the control of, subject to pertaining to being subject to the control of someone or of some institution In this context one may render ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας as ‘slaves’ and then render the whole expression as ‘as many as were slaves all their lives because of their fear of death’ or ‘... because they were afraid to die.’
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
ἔνοχος, -ov, i. 4- 6 evexduevos, one who is held in anything, so that he cannot escape; bound, under obligation, subject to, liable: with gen. of the thing by which one is bound, δουλείας, Heb. ii. 15 ; used of one who is held by, possessed with, love and zeal for anything; thus τῶν βιβλίων. Sir. prolog. 9; with dat. τοῖς ἐρωτικοῖς, Plut. ; {on supposed distinctions in meaning betw. the constr. w. the gen. and w. the dat. (6. ¢. ‘the constr. with the dat. expresses liability, that with the gen. carries the meaning further and implies either the actual or the rightful hold.’ Green) see Schafer on Demosth. v. p. 323; cf. W.-§ 28, 2; B. 170 (148)]. As in Grk. writ., chiefly in a forensic sense, denoting the connection of a person either with his crime, or with the penalty or trial, or with that against whom or which he has offended; so as absol. guilty, worthy of punishment: Lev. xx. 9,11, 13, 16, 27; 1 Mace. xiv. 45. Ὄ. with gen. of the thing by the violation of which guilt is contracted, guilty of anything: τοῦ σώματος κ. τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ κυρίου, guilty of a crime committed against the body and blood of the Lord, 1 Co. xi. 27 [see Meyer; W. 202 (190 sq.)]; πάντων, sc. ἐνταὰλμάτων, Jas. ii. 10; οἱ ἔνοχοί σου. Is. liv.17. ο. with gen. of the crime: αἰωνίου ἁμαρτήματος [an eternal sin], Mk. iii. 29 LT Tr txt. WH; (τῶν βιαίων, Plat. lege. 11, 914 e.; κλοπῆς, Philo de Jos. 8 37; ἱεροσυλίας, 2 Mace. xiii. 6; Aristot. oec. 2 [p. 1849", 19], and in other exx.; but much oftener in the classics with dat. of the crime; οἵ. Passow or [L. and 5.7 5.ν.). d. with gen. of the penalty : θανάτου. Mk. xiv. 64; Mt. xxvi. 66; Gen. xxvi. 11; αἰωνίου κρίσεως, Mk. iii. 29 Rec.; δεσμοῦ [al. dat.], Dem. p. 1229, 11. e. with dat. of the tribunal; liable to this or that tribunal i. 6. to punishment to be imposed by this or that tribunal: τῇ κρίσει, τῷ συνεδρίῳ, Mt. v. 21 sq.; ἔνοχος γραφῇ: to be indicted, Xen. mem. 1, 2, 64; ef. Bleek, Br. an d. Hebr. ii. 1 p. 340 sq.; [W. 210 (198)]. f. by a use unknown to Grk. writ. it is connected with εἰς and the ace. of the place where the punishment is to be suffered: εἰς τ. γέενvay τοῦ πυρός. a pregn. constr. [W. 213 (200); 621 (577)] (but ef. B. 170 (148) [who regards it as a vivid cireumlocution for the dat.; ef. Green, Crit. Notes (ad loc.) ‘liable as far’ in respect of penal consequence ‘as the fiery ἃ.) viz. to go away or be cast into etc. Mt. v. 22.
Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary
ἔνοχος enochos 10x
held in or by; subjected to, Heb. 2:15; subject to, liable to, guilty, deserving, Mt. 5:21, 22; 26:66; Mk. 3:29; 14:64; an offender against, 1 Cor. 11:27; Jas. 2:10*
Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon
ἔνοχος, -ον (= ἐνεχόμενος),
(in LXX for רָשַׁע hi., etc. ;]
held in, bound by: c. gen. (cl. c. dat.), δουλείας, He 2:15.
In law-phrases
liable to a charge or action (cl. c. dat., of crime): c. dat., of the tribunal (MM, Exp., xiii), Mt 5:21, 22; seq. εἰς (Field, Notes, 4 f.), Mt 5:22
c. gen., of the punishment (Ge 26:11): θανάτου, Mt 26:66, Mk 14:64;
c. gen. (cl. c. dat„ rarely c. prep.; MM, Exp., xiii), of the crime (II Mac 13:6): Mk 3:29;
c. gen., of the thing injured, guilty (absol., in cl.): I Co 11:27, Ja 2:10 (cf. Is 54:17; DB, ii, 268a).†
Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT
ἔνοχος. Wellhausen’s assertion (2 Ζγι1, p. 33 Ε) that & τῇ κρίσει in Mt 5% is ‘‘ungriechisch” is sufficiently ruled out by Grimm’s apt parallel & τῇ γραφῇ, ‘‘ liable to be indicted,” from Xenophon (Jem. i. 2. 64): Blass Gy. p. 106 makes the dative in Mt ἀξ ‘‘the commoner classical construction.” The dat. of the crime, also classical, is found in Hellenistic, as P Eleph 231" (B.c. 223-2) & τῆι ἀσεβείαι τοῦ ὅρκου, and other exx. cited under ἀσέβεια : the phrase ἢ ἔνοχος εἴην τῷ ὅρκῳ recurs very frequently, e.g. P Oxy I. 827(mid. iii/A.D.), P Ryl 11. 8274 (a.p. 113), 25. 8835 (a.p. 156), P Fay 2417 (a.p. 158). In an edict of the Prefect Aulus Avillius Flaccus (i/A.D.) we find θανάτωι ἔνοχος Part III.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon
ἔνοχος (enochos) — liable for. ἔνοχος, ον, ={ἐνεχόμενος}, held in, bound by, τοιαύταις δόξαις [Refs 4th c.BC+]; [ἔθεσι γεροντικοῖς] [Refs 4th c.BC+]
2. with genitive, connected with, κοιλίης [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II. as law-term, liable to, subject to, νόμοις, δίκαις, [NT+5th c.BC+]; τοῖς ἐπιτιμίοις τοῦ φόνου [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔ. ἀνοίαις liable to the imputation of it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2. ἔνοχος ψευδομαρτυρίοις liable to action for.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; βιαίων, λιποταξίου (i.e. δίκῃ, γραφῇ), [LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἔ. θανάτου liable to the penalty of death, [NT+1st c.BC+]: with infinitive, ἔ. ἔστω ἀποτῖσαι [Refs]
II.3. less frequently with Preps., ἔ. ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς Decrees cited in [Refs 6th c.BC+]
II.4. guilty, liable to the penalty for, ἔ. τῷ φόνῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.4. b of property, subject to liability, [Refs 6th c.AD+]