θεός, -οὔ, ὁ and ἡ, voc. θεέ, once in the N. T., Mt. xxvii. 46; besides in Deut. iii. 24; Judg. [xvi. 28;] xxi. 3; [2 S. vii. 25; Is. xxxviii. 20]; Sir. xxiii. 4; Sap. ix. 1; 3 Mace. vi. 3; 4 Mace. vi. 27; Act. Thom. 44 sq. 57; Eus. h. 6. 2, 23,16; [5, 20,7; vit. Const. 2,55, 1.59]; ef. W. §8, 2 ο.; [B. 12 (11)]; ({on the eight or more proposed derivations see Vaniéek p. 386, who follows Curtius (after Doderlein) p. 513 sqq. in connecting it with a root meaning to supplicate, implore; hence the implored ; per contra cf. Max Miiller, Chips ete. iv. 227 sq.; L. and 8. s. v. fin.]); [fr. Hom. down]; Sept. for 58, ΟΝ and m7; a god, a goddess; 1. a general appellation of deities or divinities: Acts xxviii. 6; 1 Co. viii. 4; 2 Th. ii. 4; once ἡ θεός, Acts xix. 37 G LT Tr WH; θεοῦ φωνὴ καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου, Acts xii. 22; ἄνθρωπος ὧν ποιεῖς σεαυτὸν θεόν, Jn. x. 33; plur., of the gods of the Gentiles: Acts xiv. 11; xix. 26; λεγόμενοι θεοί, 1 Co. viii. 58; of φύσει μὴ ὄντες θεοί, Gal.iv. 8; τοῦ θεοῦ Ῥεφάν [q. v.], Acts vii. 43 ; of angels: εἰσὶ θεοὶ πολλοί, 1 Co. viii. δὴ (on which cf. Philo de somn. i. § 39 6 μὲν ἀληθείᾳ θεὸς εἷς ἐστιν, of δ᾽ ἐν καταχρήσει λεγόμενοι πλείους). [On the use of the sing. θεός (and Lat. deus) as a generic term by (later) heathen writ., see Norton, Genuinen. of the Gosp. 2d ed. iii. addit. note D; ef. Dr. Ezra Abbot in Chris. Exam. for Nov. 1848, p. 389 sqq-; Huidekoper, Judaism at Rome, ch. i. Sii.; see Bib. Sacr. for July 1856, p.666 sq., and for addit. exx. Nagelsbach, Homer. Theol. p. 129; also his Nachhomerische Theol. p. 139 sq.; Stephanus, Thes. s. v.; and reff. (by Prof. Abbot) in Journ. Soc. Bibl. Lit. and Exeg. i. p. 120 note.] 2. Whether Christ is called God must be determined from Jn. i.1; xx. 28; 1Jn.v. 20; Ro. ix. 5; Tit.ii.13; Heb. i. 8 sq., ete. ; the matter is still in dispute among theologians; ef. Grimm, Institutio theologiae dogmaticae, ed. 2, p. 228 sqq- [and the discussion (on Ro. ix. 5) by Professors Dwight and Abbot in Journ. Soc. Bib. Lit. ete. τι. s., esp. pp. 42 sqq. 113 sqq-]. 3. spoken of the only and true Gop: with the article, Mt. iii. 9; Mk. xiii. 19; Lk. ii. 13; Acts ii. 11, and very often; with prepositions: ἐκ τοῦ θ. Jn. viii. 42, 47 and often in John’s writ.; ὑπὸ τοῦ θ. Lk. i. 26 [Τ Tr WH ἀπό]; Acts xxvi. 6; παρὰ τοῦ 6. Jn. viii. 40; ix. 16 [L T Tr WH here om. art.]; παρὰ τῷ 6. Ro. ii. 13 [Tr txt. om. and L WH Tr mrg. br. the art.]; ix. 14; ἐν τῷ 6. Col. iii. 3; ἐπὶ τῷ 6. Lk. i. 47; eis τὸν 6. Acts xxiv. 15 [Tdf. πρός] ; ἐπὶ τὸν θ. Acts xv. 19; xxvi. 18, 20; πρὸς τὸν 6. Jn. i. 2; Acts xxiv. [15 Tdf.], 16, and many other exx. without the article: Mt. vi. 24; Lk. iii. 2; xx. 38; Ro. viii. 8, 33; 2 Co. i. 21; v.19; vi. 7; 1 Th. ii. 5, ete.; with prepositions: ἀπὸ θεοῦ, Jn. iii. 2; xvi. 30; Ro. xiii. 1 [LT Tr WH ὑπό]: παρὰ θεοῦ, Jn. 3. 6; Geos ἐκ θεοῦ, Acts v. 39; 2 Co. v. 1; Phil. iii. 9; mapa θεῷ, 2 Th. i. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 4; κατὰ θεόν, Ro. viii. 27; 2 Co. vii. 9sq.; ef. W. § 19 5. ν. ὁ θεός τινος (gen. of pers.), the (guardian) God of any one, blessing and protecting him: Mt. xxii. 32; Mk. xii. 26 sq. [29 WH mrg. (see below) ]; Lk. xx. 37; Jn. xx. 17; Acts iii. 13; xiii. 17; 2 Co. vi. 16; Heb. xi. 16; Rey. xxi. 3 [without 6; but GT Tr WH txt.om. the phrase]; ὁ θεύς μου, i. q. οὗ εἰμί, ᾧ καὶ λατρεύω (Acts xxvii. 23): Ro. i. 8; 1 Co. i. 4 [Tr mrg. br. the gen.]; 2 Co. xii. 21; Phil. i. 3; iv. 19; Philem. 4 ; κύριος ὁ θεός σου, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν (in imit. of Hebr. PAIS WM, wx”, oToN “5, DPT): Mt. iv. 75 xxii. 37; Mk. xii. 29 [see above]; Lk. iv. 8,12; x. 27; Acts ii. 39; ef. Thilo, Cod. apocr. Nov. Test. p. 169; [and Bp. Lehtft. as quoted 5. v. κύριος, 6. a. init.]; ὁ θεὸς x. πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ : Ro. xv. 6; 2 Co.i. 3; xi. 31 (LT Tr WH om. ἡμ. and Xp.J; Eph. i. 3; Col. i. 3 (L WH om. cai]; 1 Pet. i. 3; in which combination of words the gen. depends on 6 θεύς as well as on πατήρ, οἴ. Fritzsche on Rom. iii. p. 232 sq.; [Oltramare on Ro. l.c.; Bp. Lehtft. on Gal. i. 4; but some would restrict it to the latter; cf. e. σ. Meyer on Ro. ]. ¢., Eph. l.e.; Ellie. on Gal. l.¢., Eph. 1. 6.7; ὁ θεὸς τοῦ κυρ. nu. Ino. Xp. Eph. i. 17; ὁ θεὸς x. πατὴρ ἡμῶν, Gal. i. 4; Phil. iv. 20; 1 Th. i. 3; iii. 11, 13; θεὸς 6 πατήρ, 1 Co. viii. 6 ; ὁ θεὸς x. πατήρ, 1 Co. xv. 24; Eph. v. 20; Jas. i. 27; iii. 9 [Ree. ; al. κύριος x. π.]; ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, Ro. i. 7; 1 Co.i.3; 2 Co.i. 2; Eph. i. 2; Phil. i. 2; Col. i. 2; 2 Th. i. 2; 1 Tim.i. 2 [Ree., al. om. ἡμ.7; Philem.3; [ὁ θεὸς πατήρ, Col. iii. 17 LT Tr WH (ef. Bp. Leghtft. ad loc.) ; elsewhere without the art. as] θεοῦ πατρός (in which phrase the two words have blended as it were into one, equiv. to a prop. name, Germ. Gottvater [A. V. God the Father]): Phil. ii. 11; 1 Pet. i. 2; ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρός, Gal. i. 3; Eph. vi. 23; 2 Tim. i. 2; Tit. i. 4; mapa θεοῦ πατρός, 2 Pet. i. 17; 2 Jn. 3; ef. Wieseler, Com. ub. d. Brief a. d. Galat. p. 10 sqq- ὁ θεύς w. gen. of the thing of which God is the author [ef. W. § 30,1]: τῆς ὑπομονῆς x. τῆς παρακλήσεως, Ro. xv. 53; τῆς ἐλπίδος, ib. 13; τῆς εἰρήνης, 33; 1 Th. v. 23; τῆς παρακλήσεως, 2 Co.i. 3. τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, the things of God,i.e. a. hiscounsels,1Co.ii.11. β. his interests, Mt. xvi. 23; Mk. viii. 33. sy. things due to God, Mt. xxii. 21; Mk. xii. 17; Lk. xx. 25. Ta πρὸς τὸν θεόν, things respecting, pertaining to, God, — contextually i. α. the sacrificial business of the priest, Ro. xv. 17; Heb. ii. 17; v. 1; ef. Xen. rep. Lac. 13, 11; Fritzsche on Rom. iii. p. 262sq. Nom. ὁ θεός for the voc.: Mk. xv. 34; Lk. xviii. 11,13; Jn. xx. 28; Actsiv.24[RG; Heb.i. 8?]; x. 7; ef. W.§ 29, 2; [B. 140 (123)]. τῷ θεῷ, God being judge [cf. W. § 31, 4 a.; 248 (232 sq.); B. § 133, 14]: after δυνατός, 2 Co. x. 4; after ἀστεῖος, Acts vii. 20, (after ἄμεμπτος, Sap. x. 5; after μέγας, Jon. iii. 3; see ἀστεῖος, 2). For the expressions ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ, δύναμις θεοῦ. vids θεοῦ, etc., θεὸς τῆς ἐλπίδος etc., ὁ ζῶν θεός οἴο., see under ἄνθρωπος 6, δύναμις a., υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐλπίς 2, ζάω 1. 1, ete. 4. θεός is used of whatever can in any respect be likened to God, or resembles him in any way: Hebraistically i. q. God’s representative or vicegerent, of magistrates and judges, Jn. x. 84 sq. after Ps. Ixxxi. (Ixxxii.) 6, (of the wise man, Philo de mut. nom. § 22; quod omn. prob. lib. 8 7; [ὁ σοφὸς λέγεται θεὸς τοῦ ἄφρονος . . . θεὸς πρὸς har τασίαν x. δόκησιν, quod det. pot. insid. § 44]; πατὴρ x. μήτηρ ἐμφανεῖς εἰσι θεοὶ, μιμούμενοι τὸν ἀγέννητον ἐν τῷ ζωοπλαστεῖν, de decal. 8 23; ὠνομάσθη (i. e. Moses) ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους θεὸς x. βασιλεύς, de vita Moys. i. § 28; [de migr. Abr. § 15; de alleg. leg. i. 8.187); of the devil, ὁ δεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (see αἰών, 3), 2 Co. iv. 4; the pers. or thing to which one is wholly devoted, for which alone he lives, 6. g. ἡ κοιλία, Phil. iii. 19.

θεῖος theios 3x

divine, pertaining to God, 2 Pet. 1:3, 4; τὸ θεῖον, the divine nature, divinity, Acts 17:29*

θεῖος, -εία, -εῖον

(< θεός), [in LXX: Ex 31:3 35:31, Jb 27:3 33:4, Pr 2:17 (אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים), Si 6:35, II Ma3, III Mac1, IV Mac25*;]

divine: δύναμις, II Pe 1:3; φύσις (for parallel in π., v. MM, Exp., xv), II Pe 1:4; τὸ θ., the Deity (so in cl.; of God, in Philo and FlJ), Ac 17:29.†

θεός. For the application of the title θεός to the Ptolemaic kings it is sufficient to recall Brit. Mus. Inscrr. IV. 1 No. 906% (B.C. 284-273) where a votive offering is dedicated in honour of Πτολεμαίου τοῦ σωτῆρος καὶ θεοῦ, and the description of Ptolemy V. (Epiphanes) on the Rosetta stone—OG/S gol? (B.C. 196) ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ Kal θεᾶς : cf. Deissmann LAE, p. 348 and the full discussion by E. Kornemann ‘‘ Zur Geschichte der antiken Herrscherkulte” in Beztrdge zur alten Geschichte [Klio] i., p. 51 ff. (Leipzig, 1902). The same practice is still more strikingly illustrated in the Imperial period, as when in an inscr. from the Fayum district, dated March 17th, B.c. 24, Augustus is described as θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ (OG/S 6557), or as when a votive inscr. is addressed to Nero—daya0a(t) θεῶ(ι) (Cos 927): see Deissmann 7s. p. 349. With this may be compared the frequent use for Augustus of the title υἱὸς θεοῦ, corresponding to the dzvz filius of the Latin inscrr., e.g. BGU I. 174? (A.D. 7) ἔτους ἕϊκ]του καὶ τριακοστοῦ [τῆς] Καίσαρος κρατήσεως θεοῦ υἱ[ὸδ]ν (1. υἱοῦ), and, interesting as coming from the Emperor himself, the letter, 7274ὲ ILI. 174 (A.p. 5), which begins—Katcoap θεοῦ vids Σεβαστός. Other examples will be found in Deissmann 2.5, p. 166 f., LAZ, p- 350 f., where the bearing of this usage upon the early Christian title of Christ is discussed: cf. also Harnack History of Dogma i. p. 118 ff. Mention should also be made of the Imperial oath, in which, following Ptolemaic practice, the person of the Emperor is directly invoked. A very early example is BGU II. 543! (B.c. 27) ὄμνυμι Καίσαρα Αὐτοκράτορα θεοῦ vidv: cf. Chrest. I. 111% (A.D. 6) ὄμνυμι] [Καίσαρα] Αὐτοκράτορα θεοῦ υ[ἱὸν] Δία ’Edevθέριον [Σεβαστόν] with Wilcken’s important note. It gives one a thrill to find the very combination of Jn 2078 applied in BGU IV. 11971 (B.C. 4) to Asclepiades, apparently a high official—r@ θεῶι kal κυρίωι : the same designation recurs in 26. 12011 (A.D. 2) with reference to a priest, but the editor knows of no other exx. of this use of θεός. From pagan letters we may cite a few instances of constantly recurring expressions—P Hib I. 798 (c. B.c. 260) Tots θεοῖς πολλὴ χά[ρι]ς, P Giss I. 17% (time of Hadrian) (= Chrest. 1. p. 566) χάρις Tots θεοῖς πᾶσι ὅτι σε διαφυλάσσουσι ἀπρόσκοπον, P Lond 425 (Β.Ο. 168) (=I. p. 30, Selections, p. 9) ὡς τοῖς θεοῖς εὐχομένη διατελῶ, BGU I. 2484 (ii/A.D.) θεῶν δὲ βουλομένων, 26. I. 27}} (ii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 101) ὡς 6 θεὸς ἤθελεν, 2. 11. 4519 (i/ii A.D.) θεῶν ἐπιτρεπόν[τ]ων, and P Oxy VI. 935° (ili/A.p.) θεῶν συνλαμβανόντων, cf. 19 συνλαμβ[ά]νοίυσι] yap ἡμεῖν ἀεὶ gt] π[άτ]ριοι θεοὶ ἡμῶν δ[ιδό)ντες ἡμεῖν ὑγία[ν καὶ] σω[τ]ηρίαν. With this last may be compared the soldier’s letter to his sister, BGU II. 6325 (ii/A.D.), in which he assures her that he is μνίαν σου ποιούμενος (cf. Rom 1° a/.) mapa τοῖς [ἐνθάδε θεοῖς, showing that for the time being he has transferred his allegiance to the gods of the place where he is garrisoned (cf. Deissmann ZAZ, p. 173). For prepositional phrases see P Petr II. 13(19)? (mid. iii/ B.C.) (= Witkowski, p. 19) Kal ζῶντός σου Kal εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος, P Tebt 1. 58 recto 85 (B.c. 111) σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς, ““by the grace of the gods,” P Ryl II. 2438 (ii/a.p.) ἐλπίfovtes σὺν θεῷ τὸ πεδείον σπαρῆναι, “hoping that with God’s help the field will be sown,” where, as the editors point out, the use of θεῷ alone does not imply that the writer was a Christian (cf. Archiv i. p. 436), and, for an undoubtedly Christian ex., the letter of the presbyter Psenosiris, P Grenf II. 7318 (late iii/A.D.) (= Se/ections, p. 118) ὅταν ἔλθῃ σὺν Θεῷ, with the corresponding use of ἐν Θ(ε)ῷ ἴῃ ®& In P Jand 11? (iii/A.p.) ἐλπίδω yap eis θεόν, the writer may well be a Christian (or a Jew), cf. Ac 2415, 1 Pet 3°; and the same may perhaps be said regarding BGU I. 246% (ii/iii A.D.) νυκτὸς Kal ἡμέρας ἐντυνχάνω τῷ θεῴ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, cf. 1 Th 31°. A iv/a.p. letter of a Christian servant to his master, which abounds in echoes of NT language, has—as ἐν ἄλ]λοις πλείστοις viv ἔτι μᾶλλον ἡ πρὸς ot [τοῦ δεσπό]του θεοῦ γνῶσις ἀνεφάνη (cf. Lk 1011) ἅπασιν ἡμῖν, “as on many other occasions so now still more plainly the favour of the Lord God towards you has been revealed to all of us” (P Oxy VI. 9394 = Selections, p. 128) : cf. also P Oxy I. 1208 (iv/A.D.) μὴ dpa παρέλκομαι ἢ Kal εἴργομαι ἔστ᾽ ἂν ὁ θεὸς ἡμᾶς αἰλαιήσῃ (/. ἐλεήσῃ), ‘Sam I to be distracted and oppressed until Heaven takes pity on me?” For the voc. θεέ, which is found in Mt 274°, cf. the magical P Lond 12159 (ili/A.D.) (=I. p. τοι) κύριε θεὲ μέγιστε, which is reinforced by a Pisidian inscr., unfortunately undated, /’S 1902, p. 355, θέ. See also s.v. ἄγνωστος, ἄξιος, κύριος, παντοκράτωρ, σωτήρ, ὕψιστος, and for the Pauline usage Slaten Qualetative Nouns, p. 64 ff.

θεῖος (theios) — divine. θεῖος, α, ον:

__Alate Epic dialect θέειος [Refs 5th c.AD+]; θεήϊος [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; late Aeolic dialect θήϊος [Refs]; Laconian dialect σεῖος (see. below 1.3): comparative and superlative θειότερος, -ότατος, frequently in [Refs 5th c.BC+]: (θεός):

1. of or from the gods, divine, γένος [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Ὄνειρος[Refs 5th c.BC+], of a dust-storm, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; θ. τινὶ μοίρᾳ by divine intervention, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; θ. κἀπόνῳ τύχῃ, of an easy death, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; φύσις θ. [NT]; appointed of God, βασιλῆες [Refs 8th c.BC+]; σκῆπτρον given by God, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

2. belonging or sacred to a god, holy, ἀγών, χορός, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; under divine protection, πύργος, δόμος, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of heralds and bards, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so perhaps, of kings,[Refs]

3. morethan human, of heroes, Ὀδυσσεύς [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὦ θεῖε (in the mouth of a Spartan) [Refs 5th c.BC+]

3. b of things, excellent, θεῖον ποτόν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; θ. πρήγματα marvellous things, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

4. = Latin divinus (or sacer), [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; θ. ὅρκος oath by the Emperor, [Refs 4th c.AD+]; θειότατος, of living Emperors, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

4. b = Latin divus, of deified Emperors, θ. Σεβαστός Edict.Claud. cited in [Refs 1st c.AD+]

II. as substantive, θεῖον, τό, the Divinity, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡμαρτηκότα εἰς τὸ θ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. in an abstract sense, divinity, κεκοινώνηκε.. τοῦ θ. [Refs]; ἢ μόνον μετέχει τοῦ θ..., ἢ μάλιστα [ἄνθρωπος] [Refs 4th c.BC+]; κατὰ θεῖον or κατά τι θ., [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. θεῖα, τά, the acts of the gods, course of providence, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. b matters of religion, ἔρρει τὰ θ. religion is no more, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. c inquiries concerning the divine, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ φανερὰ τῶν θείων, i.e. the heavenly bodies, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

III. adverb θείως by divine providence, θ. πως [Refs 5th c.BC+]; θειοτέρως by special providence, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III.2. divinely, excellently, εὖ γε καὶ θ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]