ἱδρώς, -Gros, ὁ, [allied w. Lat. sudor, Eng. sweat ; Curtius § 283; fr. Hom. down], sweat: Lk. xxii. 44 [L br. WHI reject the pass.; (Tr accents ἱδρῶς, yet cf. Chandler § 667)].

ἱδρώς hidrōs 1x

sweat, Lk. 22:44*

ἱδρώς

(Tr. -ῶς), -ῶτος, ὁ, [in LXX: Ge 3:19 (זֵעָה), II Mac 2:26, IV Mac 7:8*;]

sweat: Lk 22:44 (WH, omit).†

ἱδρώς. This word, which in the NT is confined to Lk 2244 ΝῈ Ὁ (cf. Hobart, p. 82), may be illustrated from the magic P Lond 461® (iv/A.D.) (=I. p. 70) ἐγώ εἰμι od ἐστιν ὁ ἱδρὼς ὄμβρος ἐπιπείπτων ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν. In 70. 402 verso (ii/B.c.) (= IL. p. 11) we read of ἱδρῴια παλί(αιά), perhaps, as the editor suggests, ‘‘old sweaters’’: the same word may be lurking in P Tebt I. 116% (late ii/B.c.) τι(μῆς) ἱδροίων B @p, and in P Goodsp Cairo 301-25 (a.p, 191-2) ἱδρώων 5, cf. Mayser Gr, p. 137. For the derived meaning see P Amh II. 4017 (ii/B.C.) μετὰ πολλοῦ ἱδρῶτος, ‘by great exertions”’ (Edd.): cf. Lat. γερο sudore. The verb, asin 4 Macc 38, 6", Didache i. 6, occurs in P Oxy X. 12425? (early iii/a.p.) ἡ τοῦ Σαράπιδος προτομὴ . . αἰφνίδιον ἵδρωσεν, ‘the bust of Sarapis suddenly sweated”: cf. Verg: Georg. i. 480 et maestum inlacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant. MGr ἵδρος, ἱδρῶτας, with the verb ἱδρώνω or δρώνω. Tel apes. Schiirer’s suggestion (Zheol. Abhandlungen Wetszicker gewidmet, p. 39 ff.) that the Jezebel or Isabel of Rev 22° was the local prophetess of the shrine of Sambethe the Chaldean Sibyl at Thyatira (cf. C7G 3509), which led to Nestle’s highly doubtful identification of the names Isabel and Sibyl (Ber?. Phil. Woch. 1904, p. 764 ff.), has not been received with much favour (see e.g. Bousset and Moffatt ad/.). On the proposed etymologies of the Heb. name see ΕΔ 2457, and for form Zezabel see Souter ad Rev 239, “Ἱεράπολις. Schiirer in Hastings DB ν. p. 94 cites three Jewish inscrr. from Alterthiimer von Hterapolis (in Jahrbuch des deutschen Archdol. Instituts, Erginzungsheft iv.), pointing to the presence of a considerable Jewish community in Hierapolis —(1) No. 69 a tomb-inscr. closing with the threat : et δὲ μή, ἀποτείσει τῷ λαῷ τὸν ᾿Ιουδαί[ω]ν προστε[(]μου ὀν[όμ]ατι δηνάρια χείλια, (2) No. 212 (= Cagnat IV. 834) another tomb-inscr. ending: εἰ δὲ ἔτι ἕτερος κηδεύσει, δώσει τῇ κατοικίᾳ τῶν ἐν ἱΙεραπόλει κατοικούντων ᾿ΙΤουδαίων προστείpov (δηνάρια) . . καὶ τῷ ἐκζητήσαντι (δηνάρια) (δισχίλια) ἀντίγραφον ἀπετέθη ἐν τῷ ἀρχίῳ τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων, and (3) No. 342 (Ξε C. and B. ii. p. 545) an inscr. in memory of a certain Publius Aelius Glykon, who bequeathed to the managing body of purple-dyers (τῇ σεμνοτάτῃ προεδρίᾳ τῶν πορφυραβάφων) a capital sum, the interest of which was to be applied yearly ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ τῶν ᾿Αζύμων to decorate his tomb. Cf. Ramsay Κλ VI. v. p. 95 ff., and see the same writer’s C. and B. ii. p. 679 ff. for Hieropolis as the local form of the city’sname. On the separaticn into Ἱερᾷ Ida in Col 413 (cf. Ac 1611), see Moulton G7. ii. § 61 (b).

ἱδρώς (hidrōs) — sweat. ἱδρ-ώς (see. near the end), ῶτος, ὁ, and Aeolic dialect ἡ, [Refs 7th c.BC+]; dative ἱδρῶτι, accusative ἱδρῶτ; [Refs 8th c.BC+]; accusative ἱδρῶ [Refs 3rd c.BC+]: (ἶδος):— sweat, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; στάζειν ἱδρῶτι (see. στάζω); ῥέεσθαι ἱδρῶτι [Refs 1st c.AD+]; of sweat as the sign of toil, τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδρῶτα θεοὶ προπάροιθεν ἔθηκαν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱδρῶτες ξηροί, opposed to the effect of baths, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

2. exudation of trees, gum, resin, σμύρνης [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Βρομιάδος ἱδρῶτα πηγῆς, of wine, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

II. metaphorically, anything earned by the sweat of one's brow, οὐ γὰρ τὸν ἐμὸν ἱδρῶτα.. ἐκβαλῶ [Refs 5th c.BC+]