G2545: καίω (kaíō)

G2545 καίω (kaíō)

Greek

Quick Definition

καίω v. I ignite, light, burn

Strong's Definition

apparently a primary verb; to set on fire, i.e. kindle or (by implication) consume

KJV Usage: burn, light

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

καίω (G2545)

verb | pf.pass. κέκαυμαι · fut.pass. καυθήσομαι, καυθήσωμαι | ἐκκαίομαι · κάμινος · κατακαίω · καῦμα · καυματίζω · καῦσις · καυσόομαι · καυστηριάζω · καύσων · ὁλοκαύτωμα

14.63 · Physical Events and States · Burning

to burn, burning, to be on fire the process of burning In a number of languages important distinctions are made in the use of terms for burning. For example, the burning of a substance for light, as in the case of a lamp or candle, may be indicated by a term quite different from an expression indicating the destruction or burning up of something. Similarly, the burning of wood for cooking may require still another term. The extent or size of the fire involved may also require some distinctions in terms for burning.

LUK 12:35 · LUK 24:32 · JHN 5:35 · JHN 15:6 · HEB 12:18 · REV 4:5 · REV 8:8 · REV 8:10 · REV 19:20 · REV 21:8

14.65 · Physical Events and States · Burning

to ignite, to kindle, to set ablaze, to start a fire, to light a lamp to cause the process of burning to begin As already noted in the series of terms listed in 14.63, languages differ appreciably in terms employed for different phases and results of burning. For example, to set something on fire for the sake of providing warmth may be expressed by quite a different term from that which is used in speaking of the process of setting something on fire in order to destroy it.
In a number of languages one must not speak of ‘a lamp burning’ or ‘to burn a lamp,’ for this would imply burning up a lamp or destroying it. It may therefore be necessary to say ‘to cause the wick of a lamp to burn’ or ‘to light the wick of a lamp,’ and instead of saying ‘the lamp burns,’ one may say ‘the lamp gives light’ or ‘the lamp shows a flame.’

MAT 5:15

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

καίω [ Vanitek p. 98]; Pass., pres. καίομαι ; pf. ptep. κεkavpévos; 1 fut. καυθήσομαι (1 Co. xiii. 3 Tdf., where R GLTr give the solecistie fut. subjunc. καυθήσωμαι, on which ef. Lob. ad Phryn. p. 720 sq-; W. § 13,1e.; B. 35 sq. (31)); [Soph. Lex., Intr. p.40; WH. App. p. 172; Tdf. Proleg. p. 122. WH txt. Lchm. ed. ster. read καυχήσωμαι (with ® A B ete.) ; on this reading see WH. App. ad loc.; A. W. Tyler in Bib. Sacr. for July 1873, p. 502 sq-; ef. Scrivener, Introd. etc. p. 629 sq.; Tregelles, Printed Text ete. p. 191 sq.; Tdf. ad loc.]; Sept. for 73, 4) ete. ; [fr. Hom. down]; 1. to set jire to, light: λύχνον, Mt. v.15; pass. ptep. καιόμενος, burning, Lk. xii. 35; Rev. iv. 5; viii. 10; xix. 20; with πυρί added, Heb. xii. 18; Rev. viii. 8; xxi. 8; in fig. dise. λύχνος καιόpevos, a light showing the right way, Jn. v. 35 (a comparison pointed at the Jews, to whom John the Baptist had been as a torch lighted for a merry-making) ; metaph. 4 καρδία ἢν καιομένη was glowing, burning, i. e. was greatly moved, Lk. xxiv. 32 [W. § 45, 5; B. § 144, 281. 2. to burn, consume with fire: pass., Jn. xv. 6; 1 Co. xiii. 3 [see above]; with πυρί added (ef. igni cremare, Caes. b. g. 1, 4), Mt. xiii. 40 G Tr for RL TWH κατακαίεται. [COMP.: ék-, κατα-καίω.]

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

καίω kaiō 11x

to cause to burn, kindle, light, Mt. 5:15; pass. to be kindled, burn, flame, Lk. 12:35; met. to be kindled into emotion, Lk. 24:32; to consume with fire, Jn. 15:6; 1 Cor. 13:3

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

καίω,

[in LXX for בּער, יקד, שׂרף, etc.;]

to kindle, light: c. acc., λύχνον, Mt 5:15; pass., to be lighted, to burn: ptcp., Lk 12:35, Re 4:5 8:10 19:20; πυρί, He 12:18, Re 8:8 21:8; metaph., Lk 24:32, Jo 5:35.

to burn, destroy by fire: pass., Jo 15:6, I Co 13:3.†

Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT

καίω. P Oxy XII. 1453278 (B.c. 30-29) τὸ καθῆκον ἔλαιον εἰς τοὺς Kad’ ἡμέραν λύχνους καομένους ἐν τοῖς σημαινομένοις ἱεροῖς, ‘‘the proper oil for the daily lamps burning in the temples signified” (Edd.), P Tebt II. 273! (medical prepov καιόμενον, and the citation from the same papyrus s.v. κατακαίω. On the possibility of explaining the different renderings in this Lukan passage as due to a single Syriac original in three stages of corruption cf. W. C. Allen in JTS ii. p. 299. For flexions (e.g. 2 Pet 31°) see Moulton Gr. ii. 8.95. MGr καίω, katy, κάβω : for the metaphorical sense cf. καγμός, “longing,” ‘‘ desire,” ‘* pain.

Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon

καίω (kaiō) — to kindle/burn. καίω, Attic dialect κάω [ᾱ], imperfect ἔκαιον [Refs 8th c.BC+], Epic dialect καῖον [Refs 8th c.BC+]: future καύσω [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist 1 ἔκαυσα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect ἔκηα (certain active and middle forms have κει- in codices of [Refs 8th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. singular ἔκηε (ν) [Refs]; unaugm. κῆεν [Refs]; 3rd.pers. plural ἔκηαν (variant{ἔκειαν}) [Refs 8th c.BC+] codices; 1st pers. plural subjunctive κείομεν [Refs 8th c.BC+] (κατα-), [Refs]; infinitive κῆαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; participle κείαντες [Refs], Attic dialect κέαντες [Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect κέκαυκα [Refs 5th c.BC+] —middle, aorist 1 ἐκαυσάμην [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect κείαντο, κειάμενοι, [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive, future καυθήσομαι [NT+5th c.BC+]: aorist 1 ἐκαύθην [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect and Ionic dialectaorist 2 ἐκάην [ᾰ] [Refs 8th c.BC+]; infinitive καήμεναι [Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect κέκαυμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; infinitive κεκαῦσθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+]

I. kindle, πυρὰ πολλά [Refs 8th c.BC+] —middle, πῦρ κείαντο they lighted them a fire, [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive, to be lighted, burn, πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αἱ φλόγες αἱ καιόμεναι.. περὶ τὸν οὐρανόν the meteors which blaze, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; of ore, to be smelted, [Refs]

II. set on fire, burn, μηρία, ὀστέα, [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive, νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν [Refs]

II.2. make hot, of the sun, ἀνθρώπους [Refs 5th c.BC+]; [Χείμαρρος] ἠελίῳ κεκαυμένος smelted, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

II.3. of extreme cold, ἡ Χιὼν καίει τῶν κυνῶν τὰς ῥῖνας [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κάειν λέγεται.. τὸ ψυχρόν, οὐχ ὡς τὸ θερμόν [Refs 4th c.BC+]

II.4. passive, of fever-heat, τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο [Refs 5th c.BC+]: metaphorically, of passion, especially of love, to be on fire, ἐν φρασὶ καιομένα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καίεσθαί τινος (i.e. ἔρωτι) [Refs 4th c.BC+]; also καομένη Ἑλλάς Greece being in a fever of excitement, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.5. suffer from inflammation, ἐκαύθη ἔσω [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. burn and destroy (in war), τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν, waste with fire and sword, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV. of surgeons, cauterize, ὤμους [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—in passive, [Refs] to use knife and cautery, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

V. burn or bake pottery, κανθάρους uncertain in [Refs 5th c.BC+]