ἀγγαρεύω; future ἀγγαρεύσω; 1 aorist ἠγγάρευσα; to employ a courier, despatch a mounted messenger. A word of Persian origin (used by Menander, Sicyon. 4), but adopted also into Latin (Vulg.angariare). Ἄγγαροι were public couriers (tabellarii), stationed by appointment of the king of Persia at fixed localities, with horses ready for use, in order to transmit royal messages from one to another and so convey them the more speedily to their destination. See Herodotus 8, 98 (and Rawlinson's note); Xenophon, Cyril 8, 6, 17 (9); cf. gesenius, Thesaurus under the word ΰΔβΖψΖϊ; (B. D. under the word ; Vanicek, Fremdwörter under the word ἄγγαρος). These couriers had authority to press into their service, in case of need, horses, vessels, even men they met (cf. Josephus, Antiquities 13, 2, 3). Hence, ἀγγαρεύειν τινα denotes to compel one to go a journey, to hear a burden, or to perform any other service: Mat_5:41 (ὅστις σε ἀγγαρεύσει μίλιον ἕν i. e. whoever shall compel thee to go one mile); Mat_27:32 (ἠγγάρευσαν ἵνα ἄρῃ i. e. they forced him to carry), so Mar_15:21.

ἀγγαρεύω angareuō 3x to press, or compel another to go somewhere, or carry some burden, Mat_5:41 ; Mat_27:32 ; Mar_15:21

* ἀγγαρεύω (from the Persian; cf. Vg . angiare, and the Heb . H104 ; on the orthogr., v. B1., § 6, 1; M , Pr., 46), to impress into public service, employ a courier; hence, to compel to perform a service (prob. common in the vernac.; cf. Deiss., BS , 86 f ., MM , Exp., iv; VGT , s.v. ): Mat_5:41 Mat_27:32 , Mar_15:21 .†

ἀγγαρεύω [page 2] Ptolemaic examples of this interesting old Persian word are P Petr II. 20 iv. 5 (B.C. 252) τοῦ . . . λέμβου . . . ἀγγαρευθέντος ὑπὸ σοῦ with reference to a post boat, and P Tebt I. 5 .182, .252 (B.C. 118) where for the editors ἐπαρετεῖν Wilcken ( Archiv iii. p. 325) reads ἐγγαρεύειν . From A.D. 42 add P Lond 1171 ( c ) .2 ( = III. p. 107) μηδενὶ ἐξέστω ἐνγαρεύειν τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας a prefect s rescript. Cf. BGU I. 21 iii. 16 (A.D. 340) οἴνου ἐνγαρίας , and from the inscriptions Syll 932 .54 (beginning of iii/A.D.) ἀνγαρειῶν ἄνεσιν with Dittenberger s note, vehicula cursus publici ponderosissima et lentissima, quae bubus vehebantur ( cursus clabularis Cod Theod. VI. 29, 5, 1, VIII. 5, 11), angariarum nomine utebantur. Herwerden Lex. cites a form ἀνενγάρευτος = ἀναγγάρευτος , from an inscr. which Mayser (p. 56) refers to Arch. Zeit. 1890, p. 59. See further Zahn Intr. i. p. 66, Deissmann BS p. 86 f., and Rostowzew Angariae in Klio vi. (1906) p. 249 ff. For the spelling with ἐ . in Mar_15:21 ΰ * B* Deissmann ( BS p. 182) compares BGU I. 21 iii. 16 (A.D. 340 coeval with the MSS.) ἐνγαρίας . The noun ἄγγαρος appears in Greek as early as Ζschylus Agam. 282 ἀγγάρου πυρός , the courier flame : it is probably the Iranian cognate of ἄγγελος . It survives in vernacular MGr ἀγγαρεμένος , put to compulsory labour (Thumb Handbook , p. 315). In his note on P Lond IV. 1376 .1 (A.D. 711) the editor suggests that in the late Aphrodito papyri ἀγγαρευτής is used in the general sense of foreman, superintendent.

ἀγγαρεύω [Etym: ἄγγαρος] "to press" one "to serve as a courier, to press into service", NTest.

ἀγγαρεύω (from the Persian; cf. Vg. angiare, and the Heb. אִגֶרֶת; on the orthogr., see Bl., §6, 1; M, Pr., 46), to impress into public service, employ a courier; hence, to compel to perform a service (prob. common in the vernac.; cf. Deiss., BS, 86f., MM, Exp., iv; VGT, see word): Mat.5:41, 27:32, Mrk.15:21.† (AS)