G3588: ὁ (ho) | SermonIndex

G3588 ὁ (ho)

Greek

Definite article

Quick Definition

the

Strong's Definition

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)

Derivation: the definite article;

KJV Usage: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τοι, ται for οἱ, αἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T. I. As a demonstrative pronoun; Latinhic, hacc, hoc; German der, die, das, emphatic; cf. Winers Grammar, § 17, 1; Buttmann, 101f (89f); 1. in the words of the poet Aratus, τοῦ γάρ καί γένος ἐσμεν, quoted by Paul in Act_17:28. 2. in prose, where it makes a partition or distributes into parts: ὁ μέν ... ὁ δέ, that ... this, the one ... the other: Mat_13:23 R G Tr (here the division is threefold); Gal_4:23 (here L WH Tr marginal reading brackets μέν); οἱ μέν ... οἱ δέ, Act_28:24; Php_1:16 f; οἱ μέν ... ὁ δέ, Hebrews 7:5 f, 20 (21), 23f; τούς μέν ... τούς δέ, Mar_12:5 R G; Eph_4:11; οἱ μέν ... ἄλλοι δέ (Lclnn. οἱ δέ) ... ἕτεροι δέ, Mat_16:14 cf. Joh_7:12; τινες followed by οἱ δέ, Act_17:18; ὅς (see ὅς I.) μέν followed by ὁ δέ, Rom_14:2; οἱ δέ stands as though οἱ μέν had preceded, Mat_26:67; Mat_28:17. 3. in narration, when either two persons or two parties are alternately placed in opposition to each other and the discourse turns from one to the other; ὁ δέ, but he, and he (German er aber): Mat_2:14; Mat_4:4; Mat_21:29; Mar_1:45; Mar_12:15; Luk_8:21; Luk_8:30; Luk_8:48; Luk_22:10; Luk_22:34; Joh_9:38, and very often; plural, Mat_2:5; Mat_2:9; Mat_4:20; Mar_12:14 (R G L marginal reading), 16 (L brackets οἱ δέ); Luk_7:4; Luk_20:5; Luk_20:12; Luk_22:9; Luk_22:38; Luk_22:71; Act_4:21; Act_12:15, and often; οἱ μέν οὖν, in the Acts alone: Act_1:6; Act_5:41; Act_15:3; Act_15:30; ὁ μέν οὖν, . II. As the definite or prepositive article (to be distinguished from the postpositive article as it is called when it has the force of a relative pronoun, like the German der, die, das, examples of which use are not found in the N. T.), whose use in the N. T. is explained at length by Winers Grammar, §§ 18-20; Buttmann, 85 (74ff); (Green, p. 5ff). As in all languages the article serves to distinguish things, persons, notions, more exactly, it is prefixed 1. to substantives that have no modifier; and a. those that designate a person or a thing that is the only one of its kind; the article thus distinguishes the same from all other persons or things, as ὁ ἥλιος, ὁ οὐρανός, ἡ γῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ Θεός, ὁ λόγος (Joh_1:1 f), ὁ διάβολος, τό φῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος, etc. b. appellative names of persons and things definite enough in themselves, or made so by the context, or sufficiently well-known from history; thus, to the names of virtues and vices, as ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία, ἡ δύναμις, ἡ ἀλήθεια, etc. ὁ ἐρχόμενος, the well-known personage who is to come, i. e. the Messiah, Mat_11:3; Luk_7:19; ὁ προφήτης, the (promised and expected) prophet, Joh_1:21; Joh_7:40; ἡ σωτηρία, the salvation which all good men hope for, i. e. the Messianic salvation: ἡ γραφή, etc.; ἡ νεφέλη, the cloud (well known from the O. T.), 1Co_10:1 f; τούς ἀγγέλους, Jas_2:25; τῷ ἐκτρώματι, 1Co_15:8. to designations of eminent personages: ὁ υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (see υἱός); ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, Joh_3:10; cf. Fritzsche on Mark, p. 613. The article is applied to the repeated name of a person or thing already mentioned or indicated, and to which the reader is referred, as τούς μάγους, Mat_2:7; Mat_1:1-25; οἱ ἀσκοί, Mat_9:17 : οἱ δαίμονες, Mat_8:31 cf. Mat_8:28; τήν ὄνον καί τόν πῶλον, Mat_21:7, cf. Mat_21:2, and countless other examples The article is used with names of things not yet spoken of, in order to show that definite things are referred to, to be distinguished from others of the same kind and easily to be known from the context; as τά βρέφη, the babes belonging to the people of that place, Luk_18:15; ἀπό τῶν δένδρων, namely, which were there, Mat_21:8; τῷ ἱερεῖ, to the priest whose duty it will be to examine thee, when thou comest, Mat_8:4; Mar_1:44; Luk_5:14; τό πλοῖον, the ship which stood ready to carry them over, Mat_8:23 (R G T, cf. Mat_8:18); (R G); (R G); τό ὄρος, the mountain near the place in question (der an Ort u. Stelle befindliche Berg) (But some commentators still regard τό ὄρος as used here generically or Hebraistically like ἡ ὀρεινῇ, the mountain region or the highlands, in contrast with the low country (cf. the Sept. Jos_17:16; Jos_20:7; Gen_19:17; Gen_19:19, etc.); cf. Lightfoot 'Fresh Revision' etc., p. 111f; Weiss, Matthäusevangelium, p. 129 note; and in Meyer's Mat_7:1-29 te Aufl.), Mat_5:1; Mar_3:13; Luk_9:28; Joh_6:3; Joh_6:15 (1Ma_9:38; 1Ma_9:40); ἡ οἰκία, the house in which (Jesus) was wont to lodge, Mat_9:10; Mat_9:28; Mat_13:36; Mat_17:25; ὑπό τόν μόδιον, namely, that is in the house, Mat_5:15; also ἐπί τήν λυχνίαν, ibid.; ἐν τῇ φάτνη, in the manger of the stable of the house where they were lodging, Luk_2:7 R G; ὁ ἔπαινος, the praise of which he is worthy, 1Co_4:5; so everywhere in the doxologies: ἡ δόξα τό κράτος, 1Pe_4:11; Rev_5:13, etc. c. The article prefixed to the plural often either includes all and every one of those who by the given name are distinguished from other things having a different name as οἱ ἀστέρες, Mat_24:29; Mar_13:25; αἱ ἀλωτεκες, Mat_8:20; Luk_9:58, etc.; or defines the class alone, and thus indicates that the whole class is represented by the individuals mentioned, however many and whosoever they may be; as in οἱ Φαρισαῖοι, οἱ γραμματεῖς, οἱ τελῶναι, οἱ ἄνθρωποι people, the multitude (German die Leute); οἱ ἀετοί, Mat_24:28; τοῖς κυσίν, Mat_7:6. d. The article prefixed to the singular sometimes so defines only the class, that all and every one of those who bear the name are brought to mind; thus, ὁ ἄνθρωπος, Mat_15:11; ὁ ἐθνικός καί τελώνης, Mat_18:17; ὁ ἐργάτης, Luk_10:7; 1Ti_5:18; ὁ μεσίτης, Gal_3:20; ὁ κληρονόμος, Gal_4:1; ὁ δίκαιος, Rom_1:17; Heb_10:38; τά σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου, the signs required of anyone who claims to be an apostle, 2Co_12:12, and ether examples e. The article is prefixed to the nominative often put for the vocative in addresses (cf. Winers Grammar, § 29, 2; Buttmann, § 129 a. 5): χαῖρε ὁ βασιλεύς τῶν Ἰουδαίων (properly, σύ ὁ βασιλεύς, thou who art the king), Joh_19:3; ναί, ὁ πατήρ, Mat_11:26; ἄγε νῦν οἱ πλούσιοι, κλαύσατε, Jas_5:1; οὐρανέ καί οἱ ἅγιοι, Rev_18:20; add, Mar_5:41; Mar_10:47; Luk_12:32; Luk_18:11; Luk_18:13; Joh_8:10; Joh_20:28; Act_13:41; Rom_8:15; Eph_5:14; Eph_5:22; Eph_5:25; Eph_6:1; Eph_6:4; Rev_12:12. f. The Greeks employ the article, where we abstain from its use, before nouns denoting things that pertain to him who is the subject of discourse: εἶπε or φησί μεγάλη τῇ φωνή, Act_14:10 (R G); (Pro_26:25); γυνή προσευχομένη ... ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλή, 1Co_11:5; especially in the expression ἔχειν τί, when the object and its adjective, or what is equivalent to an adjective, denotes a part of the body or something else which naturally belongs to anyone (as in French,il a les epaules larges); so, ἐήξειν τήν χεῖρα ξηράν, Mat_12:10 R G; Mar_3:1; τό πρόσωπον ὡς ἀνθρώπου ((Rec. ἄνθρωπος)), Rev_4:7; τά αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα, Heb_5:14; ἀπαράβατον τήν ἱερωσύνην, Heb_7:24; τήν κατοίκησιν κτλ., Mar_5:3; τήν εἰς ἑαυτούς ἀγάπην ἐκτενῆ, 1Pe_4:8. Cf. Grimm on 2Ma_3:25. the genitive of a person pronoun αὐτοῦ, ὑμῶν, is added to the substantive: Mat_3:4; Mar_8:17; Rev_2:18; 1Pe_2:12, cf. Eph_1:18; cf. Winers Grammar, § 18, 2; (Buttmann, § 125,5). g. Proper Names sometimes have the article and sometimes are anarthrous; cf. Winers Grammar, § 18, 5 and 6; Buttmann, § 124, 3 and 4; (Green, p. 28f); α. as respects names of Persons, the person without the article is simply named, but with the article is marked as either well known or as already mentioned; thus we find Ἰησοῦς and ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Παῦλος and ὁ Παῦλος, etc. Πιλᾶτος has the article everywhere in John's Gospel and also in Mark's Gospel, if Mar_15:43 (in R G L) be excepted (but T Tr WH insert the article there also); Τίτος is everywhere anarthrous. Indeclinable names of persons in the oblique cases almost always have the article, unless the case is made evident by a preposition: τῷ Ἰωσήφ, Mar_15:45; τόν Ἰακώβ καί τόν Ἠσαῦ, Heb_11:20, and many other examples, especially in the genealogies, Mat_1:1 ff; Luk_3:23; but where perspicuity does not require the article, it is omitted also in the oblique cases, as τῶν υἱῶν Ἰωσήφ, Heb_11:21; τῶν υἱῶν Αμμωρ, Act_7:16; ὁ Θεός Ἰσαάκ, Mat_22:32; Act_7:32; ὅταν ὄψησθε Ἀβραάμ καί Ἰσαάκ ... καί πάντας τούς προφήτας, Luk_13:28. The article is commonly omitted with personal proper names to which is added an apposition indicating the race, country, office, rank, surname, or something else, (cf. Matthiae, § 274): let the following suffice as examples: Ἀβραάμ ὁ πατήρ ἡμῶν, Joh_8:56; Rom_4:1; Ἰάκωβον τόν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καί Ἰωάννην τόν ἀδελφόν αὐτοῦ, Mat_4:21; Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή, Mat_27:56, etc.; Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής, Mat_3:1; ἡροδης ὁ τετράρχης, Luk_9:7; Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός, Mat_1:16; Σαῦλος δέ ὁ καί Παῦλος namely, καλούμενος, Act_13:9; Σίμωνος τοῦ λεπροῦ, Mar_14:3; Βαρτιμαῖος ὁ τυφλός, Mar_10:46 (R G); Ζαχαριου τοῦ ἀπολομένου, Luk_11:51. But there are exceptions also to this usage ὁ δέ ἡροδης ὁ τετράρχης, Luk_3:19; τόν Σαούλ, υἱόν Κίς, Act_13:21; in the opening of the Epistles: Παῦλος ἀπόστολος, Rom_1:1; 1Co_1:1, etc. β. Proper names of countries and region s have the article far more frequently than those of cities and towns, for the reason that most names of countries, being derived from adjectives, get the force of substantives only by the addition of the article, as ἡ Ἀχαΐα (but cf. 2Co_9:2), ἡ Γαλατία, ἡ Γαλιλαία, ἡ Ἰταλία, ἡ Ἰουδαία, ἡ Μακεδονία (but cf. Rom_15:26; 1Co_16:5), etc. Only Αἴγυπτος, if Act_7:11 L T Tr WH be excepted, is everywhere anarthrous. The names of cities, especially when joined to prepositions, particularly ἐν, εἰς and ἐκ, are without the article; but we find ἀπό (R G ἐκ) τῆς Ῥώμης in Act_18:2. γ. Names of rivers and streams have the article in Mat_3:13; Mar_1:5; Luk_4:1; Luk_13:4; Joh_1:28; τοῦ Κεδρών, Joh_18:1 G L Tr marginal reading 2. The article is prefixed to substantives expanded and more precisely defined by modifiers; a. to nouns accompanied by a genitive of the pronouns μου, σου, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτοῦ, ἑαυτῶν, αὐτῶν: Mat_1:21; Mat_1:25; Mat_5:45; Mat_6:10-12; Mat_12:49; Mar_9:17; Luk_6:27; Luk_10:7; Luk_16:6; Act_19:25 (L T Tr WH ἡμῖν); Rom_4:19; Rom_6:6, and in numberless other places; it is rarely omitted, as in Mat_19:28; Luk_1:72; Luk_2:32; 2Co_8:23; Jas_5:20, etc.; cf. Buttmann, § 127, 27. b. The possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος, joined to substantives (if Joh_4:34 be excepted) always take the article, and John generally puts them after the substantive (ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή, Joh_5:30; ὁ λόγος ὁ σός, ; κοινωνία ἡ ἡμετέρα, 1Jn_1:3; ὁ καιρός ὁ ὑμέτερος, Joh_7:6), very rarely between the article and the substantive (τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῤήμασιν, Joh_5:47; ἡ ἐμή διδαχή, ; τήν σήν λαλιάν, ), yet this is always done by the other N. T. writings, Mat_18:20; Mar_8:38; Luk_9:26; Act_24:6 (Rec.); ; Rom_3:7, etc. c. When adjectives are added to substantives, either the adjective is placed between the article and the substantive as τό ἴδιον φορτίον, Gal_6:5; ὁ ἀγαθός ἄνθρωπος, Mat_12:35; τήν δικαίαν κρίσιν, Joh_7:24; ἡ ἀγαθή μερίς, Luk_10:42; τό ἅγιον πνεῦμα, Luk_12:10; Act_1:8; ἡ αἰώνιος ζωή, Joh_17:3, and many other examples; or the adjective preceded by an article is placed after the substantive with its article, as τό πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, Mar_3:29; Joh_14:26; Act_1:16; Heb_3:7; Heb_9:8; Heb_10:15; ἡ ζωή αἰώνιος, 1Jn_1:2; 1Jn_2:25; ὁ ποιμήν ὁ καλός, Joh_10:11; τήν πύλην τήν σιδηρᾶν, Act_12:10, and other examples; very rarely the adjective stands before a substantive which has the article, as in Acts ( R G); ; 1Co_11:5 (cf. Buttmann, § 125, 5; Winer's Grammar, § 20, 1 c.). As to the adjectives of quantity, ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς, see each in its own place. d. What has been said concerning adjectives holds true also of all other limitations added to substantives, as ἡ κατ' ἐκλογήν πρόθεσις, Rom_9:11; παῥ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, Rom_11:27; ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ, 1Co_1:18; ἡ εἰς Χριστόν πίστις, Col_2:5; on the other hand, ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρός τόν Θεόν, 1Th_1:8; τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τούς ἁγίους, 2Co_8:4; see many other examples of each usage in Winers Grammar, 131ff (124ff); (Buttmann, 91ff (80ff)). e. The noun has the article before it when a demonstrative pronoun (οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging to it either precedes or follows (Winers Grammar, § 18, 4; Buttmann, § 127, 29-31); as, ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, Joh_9:24 (οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος, L Tr marginal reading WH); Act_6:13; Act_22:26; ὁ λαός οὗτος, Mat_15:8; ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος, Luk_15:30; plural Luk_24:17, and numberless other examples; οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος, Luk_14:30; οὗτος ὁ λαός, Mar_7:6 (ὁ λαός οὗτος, L WH marginal reading); οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου, Luk_15:24; οὗτος ὁ τελώνης, Luk_18:11 (ὁ τελώνης οὗτος, L marginal reading); οὗτος ὁ λόγος, Joh_7:36 (ὁ λόγος οὗτος, L T Tr WH), and many other examples on ἐκεῖνος, see ἐκεῖνος, 2; on αὐτός ὁ etc., see αὐτός (I. 1 b. etc.); on ὁ αὐτός etc., see αὐτός, III. 3. The neuter article prefixed to adjectives changes them into substantives (cf. Winers Grammar, § 34, 2; Buttmann, § 128, 1); as, τό ἀγαθόν, τό καλόν (which see each in its place); τό ἔλαττον, Heb_7:7; with a genitive added, τό γνωστόν τοῦ Θεοῦ, Rom_1:19; τό ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου, Rom_8:3; τό ἀσθενές τοῦ Θεοῦ, 1Co_1:25; αὐτῆς, Heb_7:18; τά ἀόρατα τοῦ Θεοῦ, Rom_1:20; τά κρυπτά τῆς αἰσχύνης, 2Co_4:2, etc. 4. The article with cardinal numerals: εἷς one; ὁ εἷς the one (of two), see εἷς, 4 a.; but differently ὁ εἷς in Rom_5:15; Rom_5:17, the (that) one. So also οἱ δύο (our the twain), Mat_19:5; οἱ δέκα the (those) ten, and οἱ ἐννέα, Luk_17:17; ἐκεῖνοι οἱ δέκα (καί) ὀκτώ, Luk_13:4. 5. The article prefixed to participles a. gives them the force of substantives (Winers Grammar, §§ 18, 3; 45, 7; Buttmann, §§ 129, 1 b.; 144, 9); as, ὁ πειράζων, Mat_4:3; 1Th_3:5; ὁ βαπτίζων, Mar_6:14 (for which Mat_14:2 ὁ βαπτιστής); ὁ σπείρων, Mat_13:3; Luk_8:5; ὁ ὀλοθρεύων, Heb_11:28; οἱ βαστάζοντες, Luk_7:14; οἱ βόσκοντες, Mat_8:33; Mar_5:14; οἱ ἐσθίοντες, the eaters (convivae), Mat_14:21; τό ὀφειλόμενον, Mat_18:30; Mat_18:34; τά ὑπάρχοντα (see ὑπάρχω, 2). b. the participle with the article must be resolved into he who (and a finite verb; cf. Buttmann, § 144, 9): Mat_10:40; Luk_6:29; Luk_11:23; Joh_15:23; 2Co_1:21; Php_2:13, and very often. πᾶς ὁ followed by a participle (Winer's Grammar, 111 (106)), Mat_5:22; Mat_7:26; Luk_6:30 (T WH omit; L Tr marginal reading brackets article); ; Rom_2:1; 1Co_16:16; Gal_3:13, etc.; μακάριος ὁ with a participle, Mat_5:4 (), , etc.; οὐαί ὑμῖν οἱ with a preposition, Luk_6:25; the neuter τό with a participle must be resolved into that which (with a finite verb), τό γεννώμενον, Luk_1:35; τό γεγεννημένον, Joh_3:6. c. the article with participle is placed in apposition: Mar_3:22; Act_17:24; Eph_3:20; Eph_4:22; Eph_4:24; 2Ti_1:14; 1Pe_1:21, etc. 6. The neuter τό before infinitives a. gives them the force of substantives (cf. Buttmann, 261ff (225ff) (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 44, 2 a.; 3 c.)); as, τό καθίσαι, Mat_20:23; Mar_10:40; τό θέλειν, Rom_7:18; 2Co_8:10; τό ποιῆσαι, τό ἐπιτελέσαι, 2Co_8:11, and other examples; τοῦτο κρίνατε. τό μή τιθέναι κτλ., Rom_14:13. On the infinite with the article depending on a preposition (ἀντί τοῦ, ἐν τῷ, εἰς τό, etc.), see under each preposition in its place. b. Much more frequent in the N. T. than in the earlier and more elegant Greek writings, especially in the writings of Luke and Paul (nowhere in John's Gospel and Epistles), is the use of the genitive τοῦ with an infinitive (and in the Sept. far more frequent than in the N. T.), which is treated of at length by Fritzsche in an excursus at the end of his commentary on Matthew, p. 843ff; Winers Grammar, § 44, 4; Buttmann, 266ff (228ff). The examples fall under the following classes: τοῦ with an infinitive is put α. after words which naturally require a genitive (of a noun also) after them; thus after ἄξιον, 1Co_16:4; ἔλαχε, Luk_1:9 (1Sa_14:47); ἐξαποροῦμαι, 2Co_1:8. β. for the simple expletive (i. e. 'complementary') or (as it is commonly called) epexegetical infinite, which serves to fill out an incomplete idea expressed by a noun or a verb or a phrase (where in German zu is commonly used); thus after προθυμία, 2Co_8:11; βραδεῖς, Luk_24:25; ἐλπίς, Act_27:20; 1Co_9:10 (not Rec.); ἐζήτει εὐκαιρίαν, Luk_22:6 (not L marginal reading); ὁ καιρός (namely, ἐστι) τοῦ ἄρξασθαι, to begin, 1Pe_4:17 (καιρόν χειν with the simple infinitive Heb_11:15); διδόναι τήν ἐξουσίαν, Luk_10:19 (ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν with simple infinitive, Joh_19:10; 1Co_9:4); ὀφειλέται ἐσμεν (equivalent to ὀφείλομεν), Rom_8:12 (with an infinitive alone, Gal_5:3); ἕτοιμον εἶναι, Act_23:15 (1Ma_3:58 1Ma_5:39 1Ma_13:31; with an infinitive alone, Luk_22:33); χρείαν ἔχειν, Heb_5:12; ἔδωκεν ὀφθαλμούς τοῦ μή βλέπειν καί ὦτα τοῦ μή ἀκούειν, that they should not see ... that they should not hear (cf. Buttmann, 267 (230)), Rom_11:8 (χειν ὦτα elsewhere always with a simple infinitive; see οὖς, 2); ἐπλήσθη ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν, at which she should be delivered (cf. Buttmann, the passage cited), Luk_1:57; ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ... τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν, that they should circumcise him (cf. Buttmann, the passage cited), Luk_2:21; after ἀνένδεκτόν ἐστιν, Luk_17:1 (so Buttmann, § 140, 15; (Winer's Grammar, 328 (308) otherwise)); quite unusually after ἐγένετο (cf. Buttmann, § 140, 16 δ.; Winer's Grammar, the passage cited), Act_10:25 (Rec. omits the article). γ. after verbs of deciding, entreating, exhorting, commanding, etc.: after κρίνειν (see κρίνω, 4); ἐγένετο γνώμη (γνώμης T Tr WH (see γίνομαι, 5 e. a.)), Act_20:3; τό πρόσωπον ἐστήριξεν, Luk_9:51; συντίθεσθαι, Act_23:20 (with an infinitive alone, Luk_22:5); προσεύχεσθαι, Jas_5:17; παρακαλεῖν, Act_21:12; ἐντέλλεσθαι, Luk_4:10; ἐπιστέλλειν, Act_15:20 (with an infinitive alone, Act_21:25 (R G T, but L Tr text WH here ἐπεστείλαμεν; Buttmann, 270 (232))); κατανεύειν, Luk_5:7. δ. after verbs of hindering, restraining, removing (which naturally require the genitive), and according to the well-known pleonasm with μή before the infinitive (see μή, I. 4 a.; Buttmann, § 148, 13; Winer's Grammar, 325 (305)); thus, after κατέχω τινα, Luk_4:42; κρατοῦμαι, Luk_24:16; κωλύω, Act_10:47; ὑποστέλλομαι, Act_20:20; Act_20:27; παύω, 1Pe_3:10; καταπαύω, Act_14:18; without μή before the infinitive after ἐγκόπτομαι, Rom_15:22. ε. τοῦ with an infinitive is added as a somewhat loose epexegesis: Luk_21:22; Act_9:15; Act_13:47; Php_3:21; εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τά σώματα αὐτῶν, to the uncleanness of their bodies being dishonored, Rom_1:24 (cf. Buttmann, § 140, 14); Winer's Grammar, 325f (305f). ζ. it takes the place of an entire final clause, in order that (Winers Grammar, § 44, 4 b.; Buttmann, § 140, 17); especially after verbs implying motion: Mat_2:13; Mat_3:13; Mat_13:3; Mat_24:45; Mar_4:3 (where L T WH omit; Tr brackets τοῦ); Luk_1:77; Luk_1:79; Luk_2:24; Luk_2:27; Luk_5:1 (R G L text Tr marginal reading); (here L omits; Tr brackets τοῦ); ; Act_3:2; Act_20:30; Act_26:18; Rom_6:6; Rom_11:10; Gal_3:10; Php_3:10; Heb_10:7; Heb_10:9; Heb_11:5. ἡ. used of result so that: Act_7:19; Rom_7:3; after ποιῶ, to cause that, make to, Act_3:12; (cf. Winers Grammar, 326 (306); Buttmann, § 140, 16 δ.). 7. The article with adverbs (Buttmann, § 125, 10f; Winer's Grammar, § 18, 3), a. gives them the force of substantives; as, τό πέραν, the region beyond; τά ἄνω, τά κάτω, τό νῦν, τά ἔμπροσθεν, τά ὀπίσω, etc.; see these words in their proper places. b. is used when they stand adjectivally, as ἡ ἄνω Ἱερουσαλήμ, ὁ τότε κόσμος, ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος, ὁ νῦν αἰών, etc., on which see these several words. c. the neuter τό is used in the accusative absolute, especially in specifications of time: both with adverbs of time, τό πάλιν, 2Co_13:2; τά νῦν or τανῦν, and with neuter adjectives used adverbially, as τό λοιπόν, τό πρότερον (Joh_6:62; Gal_4:13); τό πρῶτον (Joh_10:40; Joh_12:16; Joh_19:39); τό πλεῖστον (1Co_14:2;); see these words themselves. 8. The article before prepositions with their cases is very often so used that ὤν, ὄντες, ὄντα, must be supplied in thought (cf. Buttmann, § 125, 9; Winer's Grammar, § 18, 3); thus, οἱ ἀπό Ἰταλίας, ἀπό Θεσσαλονίκης, Act_17:13; Heb_13:24 (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 66, 6); ὁ ἐν τίνι, Mat_6:9; Rom_8:1; neuter τά πρός, Mar_2:2; οἱ ἐκ τίνος, Rom_2:8; Rom_4:14; Rom_4:16; Php_4:22 etc.; οἱ παρά τίνος, Mar_3:21 (see παρά, I. e.). τά περί τίνος, Luk_24:19; Act_24:10; Php_1:27; (add, τά (T Tr WH τό) περί ἐμοῦ, Luk_22:37), etc. (see περί, I. b. β.); τά περί τινα, Php_2:23 (see περί, II. b.); οἱ μετά τίνος, those with one, his companions, Mat_12:3; οἱ περί τινα, and many other examples which are given under the several prepositions. the neuter τό in the accusative absolute in adverbial expressions (cf. Winers Grammar, 230 (216); Buttmann, §§ 125, 12; 131, 9): τό καθ' ἡμέραν, daily, day by day, Luk_11:3; Luk_19:47; Act_17:11 (R G WH brackets); τό καθόλου, at all, Act_4:18 (L T WH omit τό); besides, in τό κατά σάρκα, as respects human origin, Rom_9:5 (on the force of the article here see Abbot in the Journal of the Society for Biblical Literature, etc. for 1883, p. 108); τά κατ' ἐμέ, as respects what relates to me, my state, my affairs, Col_4:7; Eph_6:21; τό ἐξ ὑμῶν, as far as depends on you, Rom_12:18; τό ἐφ' ὑμῖν, as far as respects you, if I regard you, Rom_16:19 R G; τά πρός (τόν) Θεόν, the accusative absolute, as respects the things pertaining to God, i. e. in things pertaining to God, Rom_15:17; Heb_2:17; Heb_5:1 (ἱερεῖ τά πρός τούς Θεούς, στρατήγω δέ τά πρός τούς ἀνθρώπους, Xenophon, resp. Laced. 13, 11; cf. Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, iii., p. 262f); τό ἐκ μέρους namely, ὄν, that which has been granted us in part, that which is imperfect, 1Co_13:10. 9. The article, in all genders, when placed before the genitive of substantives indicates "kinship, affinity, or some kind of connection, association or fellowship, or in general that which in some way pertains to a person or thing" (cf Winers Grammar, § 30, 3; Buttmann, § 125, 7); a. the masculine and the feminine article: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου, ὁ τοῦ Ἀλφαίου, the son, Mat_10:2 (3), 3; Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Ἰακώβου, the mother, Mar_16:1 (T omits; Tr brackets τοῦ); Luk_24:10 (L T Tr WH); Ἑμμόρ τοῦ Συχέμ, of Hamor, the father of Shechem, Act_7:16 R G; ἡ τοῦ Ουριου, the wife, Mat_1:6; οἱ Χλόης, either the kinsfolk, or friends, or domestics, or work-people, or slaves, of Chloe, 1Co_1:11; also οἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οἱ Ναρκίσσου, Rom_16:10 f; οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, the followers of Christ (A. V. they that are Christ's), 1Co_15:23 G L T Tr WH; Gal_5:24; οἱ τῶν Φαρισαίων, the disciples of the Pharisees, Mar_2:18 a Rec., 18b R G L; Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου, the city of Philip, Mar_8:27. b. τό and τά τίνος: as τά τοῦ Θεοῦ, the cause or interests, the purposes, of God, opposed to τά τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Mat_16:23; Mar_8:33; in the same sense τά τοῦ κυρίου, opposed to τά τοῦ κόσμου, 1Co_7:32-34; τά τῆς σαρκός, τά τοῦ πνεύματος, Rom_8:5; τά ὑμῶν, your possessions, 2Co_12:14; ζητεῖν τό or τά τίνος, 1Co_10:24; 1Co_13:5; Php_2:21; τά τῆς εἰρήνης, τῆς οἰκοδομῆς, which make for, Rom_14:19; τά τῆς ἀσθενείας μου, which pertain to my weakness, 2Co_11:30; τά Καίσαρος, τά τοῦ Θεοῦ, due to Caesar, due to God, Mat_22:21; Mar_12:17; Luk_20:25; τά τοῦ νηπίου, the things wont to be thought, said, done, by a child, 1Co_13:11; τά τίνος, the house of one (τά Λυκωνος, Theocritus, 2, 76; (εἰς τά τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ, Lysias c. Eratosthenes § 12, p. 195); cf. ἐν τοῖς πατρικοῖς, in her father's house, Sir_42:10; (Chrysostom hom. 52:(on Gen_26:16), vol. iv. part ii. col. 458, Migne edition; Gen_41:51; Est_7:9, (Hebrew αΗΜιΔϊ); Job_18:19 (Hebrew ξΘβεΜψ))); with the name of a deity, the temple (τά τοῦ Διός, Josephus, contra Apion 1, 18, 2; also τό τοῦ Διός, Lycurgus, adverb, Leocr., p. 231 ((orat. Attic, p. 167, 15))), Luk_2:49 (see other examples in Lob. ad Phryn., p. 100). τά τοῦ νόμου, the precepts of the (Mosaic) law, Rom_2:14; τό τῆς παροιμίας, the (saying) of (that which is said in) the proverb, 2Pe_2:22; τά τῶν δαιμονιζομένων, what the possessed had done and experienced, Mat_8:33; τό τῆς συκῆς, what has been done to the fig-tree, Mat_21:21. 10. The neuter τό is put a. before entire sentences, and sums them up into one conception (Buttmann, § 125, 13; Winer's Grammar, 109 (103f)): εἶπεν αὐτῷ τό Αἰ δύνασαι πιστεῦσαι, said to him this: 'If thou canst believe,' Mar_9:23 (but L T Tr WH τό Αἰ δύνῃ 'If thou canst!'); cf. Bleek at the passage; (Riddell, The Apology etc. Digest of Idioms § 19 γ.). before the sayings and precepts of the O. T. quoted in the New: τό Οὐ φονεύσεις, the precept, 'Thou shalt not kill', Mat_19:18; add, Luk_22:37 (where Lachmann ὅτι for τό); Rom_13:9; (1Co_4:6 L T Tr WH); Gal_5:14. before indirect questions: τό τίς etc., τό τί etc., τό πῶς etc., Luk_1:62; Luk_9:46; Luk_19:48; Luk_22:2; Luk_22:4; Luk_22:23; Act_4:21; Act_22:30; Rom_8:26; 1Th_4:1; cf. Matthiae, § 280; Krüger, § 50, 6, 10; Passow, ii., p. 395b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 3f). b. before single words which are explained as parts of some discourse or statement (references as above): τό Αγαρ, the name Αγαρ, Gal_4:25 (T L text WH marginal reading omit; Tr brackets Αγαρ); τό 'ἀνέβη', this word ἀνέβη, Eph_4:9 (cf. Lightfoot on Galatians, the passage cited); τό ἔτι ἅπαξ, Heb_12:27; cf. Matthiae, 2, p. 731f, 11. We find the unusual expression οὐαί (apparently because the interjection was to the writer a substitute for the term ἡ πληγή or ἡ θλῖψις (Winers Grammar, 179 (169))), misery, calamity (A. V. the Woe), in Rev_9:12; Rev_11:14. III. Since it is the business, not of the lexicographer, but of the grammarian, to exhibit the instances in which the article is omitted in the N. T. where according to the laws of our language it would have been expected, we refer those interested in this matter to the Grammars of Winer (sec. 19) and Alex. Buttmann (sec. 124, 8) (cf. also Green, chapter ii. § iii.; Middleton, The Doctrine of the Greek Article (edited by Rose), pp. 41ff, 94f; and, particularly with reference to Granville Sharp's doctrine (Remarks on the uses of the Def. Art. in the Greek Text of the N. T., 3rd edition 1803), a tract by C. Winstanley (A Vindication etc.) republished at Cambr. 1819), and only add the following remarks: 1. More or less frequently the article is lacking before appellatives of persons or things of which only one of the kind exists, so that the article is not needed to distinguish the individual from others of the same kind, as ἥλιος, γῆ, Θεός, Χριστός, πνεῦμα ἅγιον, ζωή αἰώνιος, θάνατος, νεκροί (of the whole assembly of the dead (see νεκρός, 1 b., p. 423b)); and also of those persons and things which the connection of discourse clearly shows to be well-defined, as νόμος (the Mosaic law (see νόμος, 2, p. 428a)), κύριος, πατήρ, υἱός, ἀνήρ (husband), γυνή (wife), etc. 2. Prepositions which with their cases designate a state and condition, or a place, or a mode of acting, usually have an anarthrous noun after them; as, εἰς φυλακήν, ἐν φυλακή, εἰς ἀέρα, ἐκ πίστεως, κατά σάρκα, ἐπ' ἐλπίδι, παῥ ἐλπίδα, ἀπ' ἀγορᾶς, ἀπ' ἀγροῦ, ἄν ἀγρῷ, εἰς ὁδόν, ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου, εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως, and numberless other examples. STRONGS NT 3588: ὅὅ, τέ, ἥ, τέ, τό, τέ, see τέ 2 a.

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

G3588, G5120 ὁ ho 19,867x t he prepositive article, answering, to a considerable extent, to the English definite article; but, for the principle and facts of its usage, consult a grammar; ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δέ , the one ... the other, Php_1:16-17 ; Heb_7:5-6 ; Heb_7:20-21 ; Heb_7:23-24 ; pl. some ... others, Mat_13:23 ; Mat_22:5-6 ; ὁ δέ , but he, Mat_4:4 ; Mat_12:48 ; οἱ δέ , but others, Mat_28:17 ; used, in a poetic quotation, for a personal pronoun, Act_17:28

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

ὁ , ἡ , τό , the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν ), originally a demonstr. prop . (so usually in Hom .), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. I. As demonstr. Aron. 1. As freq . in Hom ., absol. , he ( she, it ), his (etc.) : Act_17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus). 2. Distributive, ὁ μὲν . . . ὁ δέ , the one . . . the other: 1Co_7:7 , Gal_4:22 ; pl ., Act_14:4 ; Act_17:32 , Php_1:16 , al. ; οἱ μὲν . . . ἄλλοι δέ , Mat_16:14 , Joh_7:12 . οἱ μὲν . . . ὁ δέ , Heb_7:21 ; Heb_7:23 . 3. In narration (without ό μὲν preceding), ὁ δέ , but he: Mat_2:14 , Mar_1:45 , Luk_8:21 , Joh_9:38 , al. mult. II. As prepositive article, the, prefixed, 1. to nouns unmodified: ὁ θεός , τὸ φῶς , etc.; to abstract nouns, ἡ σοφία , etc., to pl. nouns which indicate a class, οἱ ἀλώπεκες , foxes, Mat_8:20 , al. ; to an individual as representing a class, ὁ ἐργάτης , Luk_10:7 ; c . nom . = voc . in addresses, Mat_11:26 , Joh_19:3 , Jas_5:1 , al. ; to things which pertain to one, ἡ χεῖρ , his hand, Mar_3:1 ; to names of persons well known or already mentioned; usually to names of countries (originally adjectives), ἡ Ἰουδαία , etc. 2. To modified nouns : c . pers . prop . gen ., μοῦ , σοῦ , etc.; c . poss. prop ., ἐμός , σός , etc.; c . adj. between the art, and the noun, ό ἀγαθὸς ἄθρωτος , Mat_12:35 ; the noun loll, by adj. , both c . art., ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός , Joh_10:11 (on ὁ ὄχλος πολύς , Joh_12:9 , v. M , Pr., 84); before adjectival phrases, ἡ κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν πρόοθεσις , Rom_9:11 . 3. To other parts of speech used as substantives; (a) neuter adjectives: τ . ἀγαθόν , etc.; (b) cardinal numerals: ὁ εἷς , oἷ δύο , etc.; (c) participles: ὁ Βαπτίζων ( = ὁ Βαπτιστής , Mat_14:2 ), Mar_6:14 ; πᾶς ὁ , c . ptcp ., every one who , etc.; (d) adverbs: τὸ πέραν , τὰ νῦν , ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος ; (e) infinitives: nom ., τὸ θέλειν , Rom_7:18 , al. ; gen ., τοῦ , after adjectives, ἄξιον τοῦ πορεύεσθαι , 1Co_16:4 ; verbs, ἔλαχεν τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι , Luk_1:9 ; and freq . in a final sense, ἐξῆλθεν σπΕέιρων τοῦ σπείρειν , Mat_13:3 (on the artic. inf ., v. B1., § 71). 4. In the neut. to sentences, phrases or single words treated as a quotation : τὸ Ἐι δύνῃ , Mar_9:23 ; τὸ ἔτι ἅπαξ , Heb_12:27 ; τό ἀνέβη , Eph_4:9 , al. 5. To prepositional phrases: oἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας , Heb_13:24 ; oἱ ἐκ νόμου , Rom_4:14 ; neut. acc absol. , in adverbial phrases, τὸ καθ᾿ ἡμέραν , daily , Luk_11:3 ; τὸ κατὰ σάρκα , as regards the flesh, Rom_9:5 , 6. To nouns in the genitive, denoting kinship, association, etc.: ὁ τοῦ , the son of (unless context indicates a different relationship), Mat_10:2 , al. ; τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ , the things that pertain to God , Mat_16:23 ; τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης , Rom_14:19 ( cf. M , Pr., 81 If.; B1., §§ 46, 47).

Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT

ὁ , ἡ , τό [page 436] Apart from connexion with μέν or δέ (see below) the demonstrative use of the art. in the NT is confined to a poetical quotation Act_17:28 , but it is not uncommon in the papyri, e.g. P Par 45 .8 (B.C. 153) ( = Witkowski .2 , p. 85) τὰ (for ἃ ) πράσεις ( l. πράσσεις ) , P Oxy VIII. 1160 .16 (iii/iv A.D.) τὰ (for ἃ ) σεσύλληχα (for συνείληχα ) δὲ κέρμα <τα > τηρῶ αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν δίκην , I am keeping for the trial the money that I have collected (Ed.). For the distributive ὁ μέν . . . ὁ δέ , as in 1Co_7:7 , cf. P Lond 33 .6 (B.C. 161) (= I. p. 19, U.P.Z. i. p. 239) καὶ τὰ μὲν ἡμῶν ἐληφότων εἰς τὴν γινομένην ἡμῖν συντάξειν , τὰ δ᾽ ἔτι διὰ τὴν τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων < . . . . . > παρελκομένων . The use of the art. as a relative, of which there is no trace in the NT, may again be illustrated by the following papyrus citations from c. A.D. 346 P Lond 414 .9 ( = II. p. 292) γεινω̣σ̣κιν σε θέλω περὶ τοῦ βρεουίου ( brevium , memorandum ) τό μοι δέδωκες , ib. 413 .9 (=II. p. 301) ἵνα ἀνταποδώσει σο̣ι̣ [τὴν ἀγ ]άπην τὴν ποιεῖς δι᾽ αὐτοῦ , and ib. 244 .14 (=II.p. 304) τὴν χῖ (= εῖ )ρα ( certificate ) τὴν δέδωκεν . See also P Grenf II. 41 .14 (A.D. 46) οἴνου κεράμια δύωι τῶν τε̣ προσδιαγράψο (= ω ), P Oxy XIV.1765 .10 (iii/A.D.) τοὺς (= οὓς ) γὰρ ἔπεμψάς μοι τρεῖς στατῆρας πάλιν σοι διεπεμψάμην , P Hamb I. 22 .3 (iv/A.D.) [Υ ]ἱὲ θεοῦ μεγάλοιο τὸν οὐδέποτε δρᾶκεν ἀνήρ , and the illiterate BGU III. 948 .12 (iv/v A.D.) ποιῶ σοι εἱ (= ἱ )μάτια πρὸς τὸ δύνομε (= αι ), I am making garments for you as far as I can. The usage is rare in the Ptolemaic period (Mayser Gr. p, 310 f.), but see P Magd 28 .10 (B.C. 217) ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτοὶ γεωργοῦσιν γῆς . The RV rendering in Luk_2:49 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου , in my Father s house, receives fresh confirmation from passages such as P Oxy III. 523 .3 (ii/A.D.) (= Selections , p. 97) an invitation to dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδ (ίου ) Σαραπίω (νος ), P Tebt II. 316 ii. 23 (A.D. 99) οἰκοῦμεν δὲ ἐν τῷ ἔνπροσθι̣ς̣ ( l. ἔμπροσθε ) ναυάρχου ἐν τοῖς Ποτάμωνος , we live opposite the admiralty in the house of Potamon (Edd.), and in the sing. P Oxy IX. 1215 .4 (ii/iii A.D.) μὴ ἀπέλθῃς εἰς τὸ Σατύρου , αἰπεὶ γὰρ ἀκούομεν ὅτι κακὰ μέλλι (= ει ) πράσ <σ >ι <ν >, do not go to the house of Satyrus, for we hear that he is going to get into trouble (Ed.). From the inscrr. we may cite C. and B. ii. p. 655, no. 581 ῎ Ερως Ἑρμοῦ κατεσκεύασε ἐν τῦς ( l. τοῖς ) προγονικοῖς ἑαυτῷ καὶ Λουκιανῇ συμβίῳ ζῶντες τὸ μνημῖον . Other prepositional phrases are P Tebt I. 59 .5 (B.C. 99) τῶν ἐξ ὑμῶν , members of your society, P Amh II. 66 .30 (A.D. 124) ἐπὶ τῶν κατὰ Στοτοῆτιν Πεκύσεως πρὸς Σαταβοῦν Πεκύσεως , in the case of Stotoλtis son of Pekusis against Satabous son of Pekusis (Edd.), P EiEph 13 .3 (B.C.223 2) ἐχάρην ἐπὶ τῶι με αἰσθέσθαι τὰ κατὰ σέ , I was glad when I perceived the state of your affairs (cf. Act_24:22 , al. ), P Oxy I. 120 .14 (iv/A.D.) ἄχρις ἂν γνῶ πῶς τὰ κατ᾽ αἰμαὶ ἀποτίθαιται , until I know the state of my affairs, and from the inscrr. C. and B. i. p. 150, No. 45 ἐπὶ ὅ , in view of which. (5) We may notice one or two anarthrous prepositional phrases in the NT which can be paralleled from the papyri Mat_27:45 ἀπὸ δὲ ἕκτης ὥρας , cf. P Oxy III. 523 .4 (ii/A.D.) τῆι ις̄ ἀπὸ ὥρας θ̄ , on the 16th at 9 o clock ; Act_2:23 ; Act_7:25 διὰ χειρός , cf. P Magd 25 .2 (B.C. 221) ὀφείλων γάρ μ [ο ]ι διὰ χερὸς κριθῶν (ἀρτάβας ) ιε̄ , il m a empruntι de la main ΰ la main et me doit quinze artabes d orge (Ed.); Act_7:21 , Heb_1:5 εἰς υἱόν , cf. P Oxy I. 37 i. 9 (A.D. 49) (= Selections , p. 49) ἐγένετο ἐνθάδε ἡ τροφεῖτις εἰς υἱὸν τοῦ Πεσούριος , there took place there the contract for the nursing of the son of Pesouris ; Mat_26:6 ἐν οἰκίᾳ , cf. P Oxy I. 51 .13 (A.D. 173) ἐπὶ παρόντι τῷ αὐτῷ ὑπηρέτῃ ἐν οἰκίᾳ Ἐπαγαθοῦ , in the presence of the aforesaid assistant at the house of Epagathus ; Rom_5:6 κατὰ καιρόν , cf. P Lond 974 .5 (A.D. 305 6) (= III. p. 116) τῶν κατὰ καιρὸν εἴδων ὀπωριμείων , fruits in season ; and Mar_3:6 περὶ Τύρον καὶ Σιδῶνα , cf. ib. 45 .9 (A.D. 95) περὶ κώμην Κορῶβ [ιν ?. Similarly πρὸ προσώπου σου Mat_11:10 may be paralleled by Herodas viii. 59 ἔρρ᾽ ἐκ προσώπου . In themselves these exx. may not seem of much importance, but they are of interest, as Eakin ( AJP xxxvii. (1916), p. 334) has pointed out, as illustrating the liking of the NT writers for short-cut phrases in keeping with the common speech of the time, and further as reminding us that, even when the art. is absent, it should frequently be expressed in translation. Ἐν οἰκίᾳ , e.g., in Luk_8:27 is not in any house (AV, RV), but in the house, i.e. at home ; while ἐν συναγωγῇ in Joh_6:59 is simply in the synagogue, or, as we would say, in church, rather than in time of solemn assembly (Westcott ad l. ). (6) Deissmann discusses the anaphoric use of the art. with proper names in the Berl. Phil. Woch. xxii. (1902) p.1467 f., where he shows that, when a name is introduced without an art., the art. is frequently prefixed to each recurrence of the name, much in the sense of our the aforesaid, e.g. P Grenf I. 40 .3 (ii/B.C.) Νεχθμίνιος , but .5 τὸν Νεχθμῖνιν , P Oxy I. 37 i. 5 (A.D. 49) (= Selections , p. 49) Πεσοῦρις , but .9 ἡ τροφεῖτις εἰς υἱὸν τοῦ Πεσούριος . But, as showing that the practice was not uniform, cf. BGU I. 276 .9 f. (ii/iii A.D.) λαβὼν τὰ γρ [ά ]μματα Σερήνου τοῦ νομεικοῦ , πρὸς Σέρηνον γενέσθαι . (7) The art. is frequently inserted before the gen. of a father s or mother s name appended to the name of a person, as in P Oxy I. 45 .4 (A.D. 95) Διογένους τοῦ Πτολεμαίου παρακεχωρημένου παρὰ Ταποτάμωνος τῆς Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Κολύλιδ (ος ) . . ., Diogenes, son of Ptolemaeus, has had ceded to him by Tapota non, the daughter of Ptolemaeus, son of Kolylis. . . (8) ὁ καί introducing an alternative name, as in Act_13:9 , meets us everywhere both in the papyri and in the inscriptions. According to Mayser Gr. p. 311 the nom. first appears in Roman times, e.g. BGU I. 22 .25 (A.D. 114) Ἀμμώνιος ὁ καὶ Φίμων , ib. 36 .4 (ii/A.D.) Στοτόητις ὁ καὶ Φανῆσις . For earlier exx. of the gen., see P Par 15 bis i. 3 (B.C. 143) Σισοΐτος τοῦ καὶ Ἐριέως , P Grenf I. 21 .12 (B.C. 126) Ἀπολλωνίας τῆς καὶ Σεμμώνθιος , and of the dat., see P Rein 26 .5 (B.C. 104) Διονυσίωι τῶι καὶ Πλήνει . From the inscrr. we may cite Priene 313 .86 (list of placenames from the gymnasium i/B.C.) ὁ τ (όπος ) Ἀπελ [λᾶ τ ]οῦ καὶ Ζ [ω ]πυρίωνο [ς , Magnesia , 122 (h) .4 (iv/A.D.) Εὐτυχίου τοῦ καὶ Ταγηνίου . According to Hatch JBL xxvii (1908) p. 141 the phrase has been found as early as B.C. 400 in a fragment of Ctesias. In Archiv vi. p. 213 Sir F. G. Kenyon publishes an ostrakon of A.D. 174 5 with the dating ιε̄ (ἔτους ) τοῦ καὶ ᾱ (ἔτους ), for the fiftieth year, which is also the first. (9) With this may be compared the use of the art. in private or familiar letters, showing that the person referred to was well known to the author, as in P Oxy I. 117 .17 (ii/iii A.D.) τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἀσπάζου καὶ τὴν Κύριλλαν , salute your sister and Cyrilla. As regards the names of places, the art. is not used unless it be anaphoric as in P Oxy III. 475 .15 (A.D. 182) ἀπὸ Σενέπτα , followed by .17 ἐν τῇ Σενέ [πτα and .28 εἰς τὴν Σενέπτα : cf. Act_9:2 f; Act_10:1 ; Act_10:24 . (10) A good ex. of the noun followed by an adj., both with the art. as in Joh_10:11 , is afforded by P Oxy I. 113 .29 (ii/A.D.) where a man writes to a business correspondent ἔσχον παρὰ Κορβόλωνος τοὺς τυροὺς τοὺς μεγάλους , I received the large cheeses from Corbolon, notwithstanding the fact that it was small cheeses he had ordered οὐκ ἤθελον δὲ μεγάλους ἀλλὰ μεικροὺς ἤθελον . (11) On the much disputed question whether in Tit_2:13 τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ the reference is to one person or to two, we may cite for what it is worth in favour of the former interpretation P Leid G .3 (B.C. 181 145) (= I. P. 42) τῷ ἐπὶ [τ ]ῶν προσόδ [ω ]ν καὶ βασιλ [ικ ]ῷ [γρ ]αμματεῖ , redituum Procuratori qui et Regius scriba (Ed.). As showing that the translation our great God and Saviour (one person) was current in vii/A.D. among Greek-speaking Christians reference may also be made to the formula in BGU II. 366 .1 ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου καὶ δ [εσπότου ] Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν : cf. ib. 367, 368, al. See further Proleg. p. 84 where a curious parallel is quoted from the Ptolemaic formula applied to deified Kings P Grenf II. 15 i. 6 (B.C. 139) τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ εὐεργέτου καὶ σωτῆρος [ἐπιφανοῦς ] εὐχαρίστο [υ . We may also note here the use of the art. with the nom. in forms of address, as in Luk_18:11 ὁ θεός : see Blass Gr. p. 86 f., and Wackernagel Anredeformen pp. 7 ff., 11 ff., where reference is made to the common formula on Christian gravestones ὁ θεός , ἀνάπαυσον . (12) The common articular infin. with a preposition (e.g. P Oxy I. 69 .15 (A.D. 190) εἰς τὸ καὶ ἐμαὶ ( l. ἐμὲ ) δύνασθαι τὴν κριθὴν ἀπολαβεῖν , so that I may be able to recover the barley ) need only be referred to here in order to point out that the art. is sometimes omitted in the papyri in the case of family or business accounts, as when provision is made for so much εἰς πεῖν (BGU II. 34 ii. 7 A.D. 223). Nothing answering to this is found in the NT, another proof of the general correctness of its articular usage ( Proleg. p. 81). Τοῦ c. inf. (a gen. of reference, Brugmann) occurs in inscrr., e.g. C. and B. ii. p. 608, No. 497 .7 τοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους . . . πειρᾶσ [θαι . . . ἀ ]γαθοῦ τινος παραιτίους ἔσ ]εσθ [αι ? τῷ δήμῳ . With 2Co_1:8 we may perhaps compare the ablatival usage in the Lycaonian inscr. cited s.v. διχοτομέω τῷ διχοτομήσαντί με τοῦ πολοέτιον ζῆν . See further Evans CQ xv. (1921), p. 26 ff. Other exx. will be found in Eakin s paper on The Greek Article in First and Second Century Papyri in AJP xxxvii. (1916), p. 333 ff., to which we are much indebted, and in the exhaustive study by F. VΦlker on Der Artikel (Mόnster, 1903) in the Beilage zu dem Jahresberichte όber das Realgymnasium zu Mόnster i. W. fur das Schuljahr 1902.

Liddell-Scott — Intermediate Greek Lexicon

ὁ "the, that" ὁ, ἡ, τό, is demonstr. Pronoun. the definite Article. in epic, the relative Pronoun, when it is written with the accent ὅ, ἥ, τό ῀ ὅς, ἥ, ὅ. Besides the common forms, note epic gen. sg. τοῖο for τοῦ; pl. nom. τοί, ταί; gen. fem. τάων [α^], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι; dual gen, and dat. τοῖιν:— in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν . . , τοὶ δέ . . , for οἱ μέν . . , οἱ δέ . . ; dat. pl. also τοῖσι, ταῖσι: the dual has commonly but one gender, τώ for τά, τοῖν for ταῖν. DEMONSTR. PRONOUN: joined with a Subst., not as the Art., but like Lat. ille, ὁ Τυδείδης Tydeus's "famous" son, Il. ; Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων Nestor— "that" aged man, id=Il. ; τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, "namely that" of Priam, id=Il. without a Subst., "he, she, it", ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε id=Il. , etc. pecul. usages, before Relat. Pronouns, to call attention to the foregoing noun, ἐφάμην σε περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίκην ναιετάουσιν far above the rest, "namely" above "those who . ." , id=Il. ὁ μέν . . , ὁ δέ . . , either in Opposition, ὁ μέν "the former", ὁ δέ "the latter)", or in Partition, "the one . . , the other . ." , Lat. hic . . , ille . . . absolute usages of single cases, fem. dat. τῇ, "there, on that spot", Hom. ; τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ Xen. :—with a notion of motion towards, "thither", Il. of Manner, τῇπερ "in this way, thus", Od. ; τῇ μέν . . , τῇ δέ . . , "in one way . . , in another . ." , or "partly . . , partly", Eur. , etc. relative, "where", for ᾗ, Hom. neut. gen. τοῦ, "therefore", id=Hom. neut. dat. τῷ, "therefore", id=Hom. , Soph. "thus, in this wise, then, if this be so, on this condition", Hom. neut. acc. "wherefore", id=Hom. , Soph. ; τὸ δέ, absol., but "as to this . ." , Plat. τὸ μέν . . , τὸ δέ . . , "partly . . , partly . ." , or "on the one hand . . , on the other . ." , Od. , attic; τὰ μέν . . , τὰ δέ . . , Hdt. , Soph. , Thuc. ; also, τὰ μέν τι . . , τὰ δέ τι . . , Xen. with Prepositions, of Time, ἐκ τοῦ, epic τοῖο, "ever since", Il. πρὸ τοῦ, sometimes written προτοῦ, "before this, aforetime", Hdt. , Aesch. ; so, ἐν τῷ προτοῦ χρόνῳ Thuc. ἐν τοῖς is often used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖς θειότατον one of the most marvellous things, Hdt. ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι among the first, Thuc. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, "the", the indefin. being τὶς, τὶ, "a or an." The use of as the Article sprung from its use as demonstr. Pron., τὸν ὀπίστατον "him that was hindmost", i.e. "the hindmost man", Il. ; τὸν ἄριστον "him that was" bravest, etc.;— also with Advs. τὸ πρίν, τὸ πάρος περ, τὸ πρόσθεν, τὸ τρίτον, τὰ πρῶτα all in Il. the true Article is first fully established in attic: it is omitted with prop. names and with appellatives which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς:—but it is added to Prop. Names, when there has been previous mention of the person, as Thuc. speaks first of Πειθίας, and then refers to him as ὁ Π.; or to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος Soph. with Infinitives, which thereby become Substantives, τὸ εἶναι "the" being; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, etc. in neuter, to specify any word or expression, τὸ ἄνθρωπος "the word" man; τὸ λέγω "the word" λέγω; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν "the sentiment" "ne quid nimis." before Pronouns, before the pers. Pron., to give them greater emphasis, but only in acc., τὸν ἐμέ, τὸν σὲ καὶ ἐμέ Plat. before the interrog., to make the question more precise, τὸ τί; Aesch. , etc.; τὰ ποῖα; Eur. Elliptic. expressions: before the gen. of a prop. n., to express descent, ὁ Διός (sc. παῖς) ἡ Λητοῦς (sc. θυγάτηρ) often in attic; but sometimes, as appears from the context, to denote "husband, brother, friend, wife:—" then before a gen. it indicates all general relations, as, τὰ τῆς πόλεως "all that concerns" the state; τὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων φρονεῖν to hold with the Athenians, be on their side, Hdt. :—so with neut. of possess. Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν "what regards" me or thee, my or thy business. But τὸ τινος is often also, "a man's saying", as, τὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt. with cases governed by Preps., οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει, οἱ ἀπὸ (or ἐκ) τῆς πόλεως the men of the city; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα such an one and his followers, but also periphr. for the person himself. on μὰ τόν, v. μά IV. πορεύεσθαι τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν), Plat. ; κρίνασθαι τὴν ἐπὶθάνατον, v. θάνατος I. 2; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα) "the" morrow: —also with Advs., which thus take an Adject. sense, as, τὸ νῦν "the" present; οἱ τότε ἄνθρωποι "the" men of that time, also οἱ τότε, οἱ νῦν, etc.; τὸ πρίν "formerly;" τὸ πρόσθεν, τὸ πρῶτον, etc.; τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου, τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε from the present time, etc. CRASIS OF ART.: —in Trag. with α^ make α_, as ἁνήρ, ἅνθρωπος, ἁλήθεια, ἁρετή, τἀγαθόν, τἀδικεῖν, τᾁτιον; so, οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, ἅνθρωποι, τἀγαθά, τἀκίνητα; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τάγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: —ὁ, οἱ, with ε become ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but in one case α_, ἅτερος, θἄτερον, for οὔτερος (which is ionic); τῷ remains unchanged, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι:—ἡ with ε becomes α_, ἁτέρα: —ὁ, τό before ο becomes ου, as Οὕλυμπιος, τοὔνομα:—ὁ, etc., before αυ donot change the diphthong, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ; so, τὰ αὐτά ῀ ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί ῀ αὑταί: —ἡ before εὐ becomes ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια:—τῇ before ἡ becomes θη, as θἠμέρα: —τό before ὑ becomes θου-, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ.

STEPBible — Tyndale Abridged Greek Lexicon

ὁ, ἡ, τό, the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. __I. As demonstr. pron. __1. As frequently in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Act.17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus). __2. Distributive, ὁ μὲν . . . ὁ δέ, the one . . . the other: 1Co.7:7, Gal.4:22; pl., Act.14:4, 17:32, Php.1:16, al.; οἱ μὲν . . . ἄλλοι δέ, Mat.16:14, Jhn.7:12; οἱ μεν̀ . . . ὁδέ, Heb.7:21, 23. __3. In narration (without ὁ μὲν preceding), ὁ δέ, but he: Mat.2:14, Mrk.1:45, Luk.8:21, Jhn.9:38, al. mult. __II. As prepositive article, the, prefixed, __1. to nouns unmodified: ὁ θεός, τὸ φῶς, etc.; to abstract nouns, ἡ σοφία, etc., to pl. nouns which indicate a class, οἱ ἀλώπεκες, foxes, Mat.8:20, al.; to an individual as representing a class, ὁ ἐργάτης, Luk.10:7; with nom. = voc. in addresses, Mat.11:26, Jhn.19:3, Jas.5:1, al.; to things which pertain to one, ἡ χεῖρ, his hand, Mrk.3:1; to names of persons well known or already mentioned; usually to names of countries (originally adjectives), ἡ Ἰουδαία, etc. __2. To modified nouns: with of person(s) pron. genitive, μοῦ, σοῦ, etc.; with poss. pron., ἐμός, σός, etc.; with adj. between the art. and the noun, ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος, Mat.12:35; the noun foll, by adj., both with art., ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, Jhn.10:11 (on ὁ ὄχλος πολύς, Jhn.12:9, see M, Pr., 84); before adjectival phrases, ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Rom.9:11. __3. To Other parts of speech used as substantives; __(a) neuter adjectives: τ. ἀγαθόν, etc.; __(b) cardinal numerals: ὁ εἶς, οἷ δύο, etc.; __(with) participles: ὁ βαπτίζων (= ὁ Βαπτιστής, Mat.14:2), Mrk.6:14; πᾶς ὁ, with ptcp., every one who, etc.; __(d) adverbs: τὸ πέραν, τὰ νῦν, ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος; __(e) infinitives: nom., τὸ θέλειν, Rom.7:18, al.; genitive, τοῦ, after adjectives, ἄξιον τοῦ πορεύεσθαι, 1Co.16:4; verbs, ἐλαχεν τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι, Luk.1:9; and frequently in a final sense, ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρειν, Mat.13:3 (on the artic. inf., see Bl., §71). __4. In the neut. to sentences, phrases or single words treated as a quotation: τὸ Ἐι δύνῃ, Mrk.9:23; τὸ ἔτι ἅπαξ, Heb.12:27; τὸ ἀνέβη, Eph.4:9, al. __5. To prepositional phrases: οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας, Heb.13:24; οἱ ἐκ νόμου, Rom.4:14; neut. accusative absol., in adverbial phrases, τὸ καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, daily, Luk.11:3; τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, as regards the flesh, Rom.9:5. __6. To nouns in the genitive, denoting kinship, association, etc.: ὁ τοῦ, the son of (unless context indicates a different relationship), Mat.10:2, al.; τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, the things that pertain to God, Mat.16:23; τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης, Rom.14:19 (cf. M, Pr., 81ff.; Bl, §§46, 47). (AS)

Bible Occurrences (6976)

1:2 1:3 1:4 1:5 1:6 1:7 1:8 1:9 1:10 1:11 1:12 1:13 1:14 1:15 1:16 1:17 1:18 1:19 1:20 1:21 1:22 1:23 1:24 1:25 2:1 2:2 2:3 2:4 2:5 2:6 2:7 2:8 2:9 2:10 2:11 2:12 2:13 2:14 2:15 2:16 2:17 2:18 2:19 2:20 2:21 2:22 2:23 3:1 3:2 3:3 3:4 3:5 3:6 3:7 3:8 3:9 3:10 3:11 3:12 3:13 3:14 3:15 3:16 3:17 4:1 4:3 4:4 4:5 4:6 4:7 4:8 4:10 4:11 4:12 4:13 4:14 4:15 4:16 4:17 4:18 4:20 4:21 4:22 4:23 4:24 4:25 5:1 5:2 5:3 5:4 5:5 5:6 5:7 5:8 5:9 5:10 5:12 5:13 5:14 5:15 5:16 5:17 5:18 5:19 5:20 5:21 5:22 5:23 5:24 5:25 5:26 5:28 5:29 5:30 5:31 5:32 5:33 5:34 5:35 5:36 5:37 5:39 5:40 5:42 5:43 5:44 5:45 5:46 5:47 5:48 6:1 6:2 6:3 6:4 6:5 6:6 6:7 6:8 6:9 6:10 6:11 6:12 6:13 6:14 6:15 6:16 6:17 6:18 6:19 6:21 6:22 6:23 6:24 6:25 6:26 6:27 6:28 6:29 6:30 6:32 6:33 6:34 7:3 7:4 7:5 7:6 7:8 7:9 7:11 7:12 7:13 7:14 7:15 7:16 7:17 7:19 7:21 7:22 7:23 7:24 7:25 7:26 7:27 7:28 7:29 8:1 8:3 8:4 8:6 8:8 8:9 8:10 8:11 8:12 8:13 8:14 8:15 8:16 8:17 8:18 8:20 8:21 8:22 8:23 8:24 8:26 8:27 8:28 8:29 8:31 8:32 8:33 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Matthew 1:2

Abraham was the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Jacob, and Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers.

Matthew 1:3

Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram.

Matthew 1:4

Ram was the father of Amminadab, Amminadab the father of Nahshon, and Nahshon the father of Salmon.

Matthew 1:5

Salmon was the father of Boaz by Rahab, Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth, Obed the father of Jesse,

Matthew 1:6

and Jesse the father of David the king. Next: David was the father of Solomon by... Uriah’s [wife],

Matthew 1:7

Solomon the father of Rehoboam, Rehoboam the father of Abijah, and Abijah the father of Asa.

Matthew 1:8

Asa was the father of Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat the father of Joram, and Joram the father of Uzziah.

Matthew 1:9

Uzziah was the father of Jotham, Jotham the father of Ahaz, and Ahaz the father of Hezekiah.