Lavished (4052) (perisseuo from perissos = abundant, exceeding some number, measure, rank or need, over and above) means to cause to superabound, to be superfluous, to overflow, to be in affluence, to excel or to be in abundance with the implication of being considerably more than what would be expected. Perisseuo carries the idea of exceeding the requirements, of overflowing or overdoing. It means to exceed a fixed number of measure, to be left over and above a certain number or measure. It means to have or to be more than enough, to be extremely rich or abundant. To exceed or remain over (as used in loaves left over after feeding the 5000 [Mt 14:20]! When Jesus supplies there is more than enough so that some is even left over! How quick we are to forget this basic principle!) The idea is to overflow like a river out of its banks! Moulton and Milligan give a secular Greek usage quoting extracts as follows - “more than enough has been written; if you find any purchasers of the surplus donkeys”. Of the noun M&M say; “superfluity.” The verb perisseuo means to exist in superfluity, to super-abound” Perisseuo and its cognates (like perisseuma 4051 = a surplus, huperperisseuo 5248 = to abound exceedingly) suggest being present in a way that the given space is unable to contain. NIDNTT notes that... perisseuo is used intransitively from the time of Hesiod in the sense of to be over and above, go beyond, outflank, be more than enough, remain over, abound. The adj. perissos means beyond the regular number or size, out of the common, extraordinary, strange, more than sufficient, superfluous, excessive, extravagant. The adv. perissos means extraordinarily, exceedingly...In the Gospels perisseuo and its cognates are found with the primary meaning to have abundance, to have many goods. Mk. 12:44 tells of the widow who gave all that she possessed, whereas others gave of their abundance. Lk. 12:15 warns of misplaced trust in the abundance of possessions. The proverbial utterance in Matt. 12:34 declares: “For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks.” The more Jesus commanded men not to tell of his healing work, the more (mallon perissoteron) they proclaimed it (Mk. 7:36). (Brown, Colin, Editor. New International Dictionary of NT Theology. 1986. Zondervan) Perisseuo - 39x in 35v -Matt 5:20; 13:12; 14:20; 15:37; 25:29; Mark 12:44; Luke 9:17; 12:15; 15:17; 21:4; John 6:12f; Acts 16:5; Rom 3:7; 5:15; 15:13; 1 Cor 8:8; 14:12; 15:58; 2 Cor 1:5; 3:9; 4:15; 8:2, 7; 9:8, 12; Eph 1:8; Phil 1:9, 26; 4:12, 18; Col 2:7; 1 Thess 3:12; 4:1, 10 NAS =: abound(10), abounded(1), abounding(1), abundance(2), abundant(1), better(1), cause(1), cause*(1), excel(2), has an abundance(1), have an abundance(3), have more than enough(1), having abundance(1), increasing(1), lavished(1), left over(4), leftover(1), live in prosperity(1), make...abound(1), overflowed(1), overflowing(2), surpasses(1), surplus(2). Perisseuo - 3x in the Septuagint - 1Sa 2:33, 36; Eccl 3:19 God’s grace was manifested to us in superabundance. Lavish (from French lavasse = a downpour of rain in turn from laver = to wash - ponder these word pictures as you think of God's grace made available to you even today! You can rest assured that it will be more than sufficient to meet your every need. "Put down your umbrella" and let His grace pour down on you beloved!) means to bestow something in generous or extravagant quantities on. It suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion (like a lavish wedding reception -- which is also coming for the bride of Christ!) When you lavish something upon someone you heap it on more and more. It is an supersized supernatural grace. It is more than enough to save and keep every sinner who comes to God in Christ Jesus saved and safe today and throughout eternity! This is really good news! Paul uses perisseuo with a similar meaning in Romans writing... But the free gift is not like the transgression. For if by the transgression of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one Man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many. (See note Romans 5:15) Comment: The sin of Adam was devastating in its effect upon all people and justifiably brought God's wrath and judgment into the world just as God had promised. In dramatic contrast, the grace of God loosed through Jesus Christ was even greater in its impact upon mankind, not being given in token amount but in superabundance! Undeserved salvation became available to all people. On Calvary Jesus demonstrated that God's love and grace is greater than all human sin. No one and nothing is beyond the reach of His grace. How great is our Father's love! Lavished is in the aorist tense which speaks of an action performed effectively but not stating necessarily when. The active voice says that God initiated this action of His Own free will! The indicative mood is the mood of reality and thus speaks of a definite event. Application: Because our Father has so abundantly overdone Himself for us who deserve nothing from Him, we should determine to "overdo" ourselves (if that were possible) in service to Him, For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him be the glory forever. Amen. Perisseuo is used with this idea in Corinthians where Paul writes... Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your toil is not in vain in the Lord. (1Cor 15:58) The first use of perisseuo is by Jesus who declares to the Jews gathered on the side of the mountain... "For I say to you, that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you shall not enter the kingdom of heaven. (Mt 5:20-note) Here are a few other representative used of perisseuo which are worth meditating over to get a better sense of the meaning of this wonderful verb... "For whoever has, to him shall more be given, and he shall have an abundance; but whoever does not have, even what he has shall be taken away from him. (Mt 13:12) "for they all put in out of their surplus, but she, out of her poverty, put in all she owned, all she had to live on." (Mark 12:44) And He said to them, "Beware, and be on your guard against every form of greed; for not even when one has an abundance does his life consist of his possessions." (Luke 12:15) "But when he came to his senses, he said, 'How many of my father's hired men have more than enough bread, but I am dying here with hunger! (Luke 15:17) And so they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets with fragments from the five barley loaves, which were left over by those who had eaten. (John 6:13) So the churches were being strengthened in the faith, and were increasing in number daily. (Acts 16:5) "Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit." (Ro 15:13-note) Comment: Lavished with grace, abounding in hope! How great and precious is our salvation! So also you, since you are zealous of spiritual gifts, seek to abound for the edification of the church. (1Cor 14:12) For just as the sufferings of Christ are ours in abundance, so also our comfort is abundant through Christ. (2Cor 1:5) For if the ministry of condemnation has glory, much more does the ministry of righteousness abound in glory. (2Cor 3:9) For all things are for your sakes, that the grace which is spreading to more and more people may cause the giving of thanks to abound to the glory of God. (2Cor 4:15) that in a great ordeal of affliction their abundance of joy and their deep poverty overflowed in the wealth of their liberality. (2Cor 8:2) And God is able to make all grace abound to you, that always having all sufficiency in everything, you may have an abundance for every good deed; (2Cor 9:8) And this I pray, that your love may abound (present tense = indicates a continual process - this God-like love is to grow and even abound throughout the life of every believer) still more and more in real knowledge and all discernment, (Php 1:9-note) I know how to get along with humble means, and I also know how to live in prosperity; in any and every circumstance I have learned the secret of being filled and going hungry, both of having abundance and suffering need. (Php 4:12-note) Comment: This shows how a believer may not only be free from cares, but be cheerful and joyous in his trust in God and in the realization of God’s care for him. having been firmly rooted and now being built up in Him and established in your faith, just as you were instructed, and overflowing with gratitude. (Col 2:7-note) Comment: Knowing Christ and being rooted and built up in him, believers should live in Him a life that supernaturally is abounding in thanksgiving! and may the Lord cause you to increase and abound in love for one another, and for all men, just as we also do for you; (1Th 3:12-note) Finally then, brethren, we request and exhort you in the Lord Jesus, that, as you received from us instruction as to how you ought to walk and please God (just as you actually do walk), that you may excel still more. (1Th 4:1-note) Comment: Note that there is no finality in practical holiness while the Christian remains on the earth. Life is marked either by growth or by decay. On (1519) (eis) indicates motion toward or into and thus reaches not only toward the believing sinner, but into his very being. The grace comes not only towards him, but grips him in its irresistible working and brings him into salvation. IN ALL WISDOM AND INSIGHT: en pase sophia kai phronesei : (Ep 1:11; 3:10; Psalms 104:24; Proverbs 8:12; Isaiah 52:13; Daniel 2:20,21; Matthew 11:19; Romans 11:33; 1Corinthians 1:19-24; 2:7; Colossians 2:3; Jude 1:25; Revelation 5:12) The meaning of this phrase is somewhat difficult to interpret and is not easily resolved. Some versions, such as NASB have this phrase beginning a new sentence but most versions do not. Eadie who has a lengthy discussion appears to favor the NASB interpretation which would link "in all wisdom and insight" with the next phrase "He made known". Professor Blaikie in the Pulpit Commentary offers the following thought The wisdom and prudence refer to God; he has not made his grace abound to us in a random manner, but in a carefully regulated manner. This is more fully explained afterwards, in reference to God’s concealment for a time of the universality of his grace, but manifestation of it now. (Pulpit Commentary scroll down for Homilies) The Pillar NT Commentary says that... Although some interpreters have taken the expression ‘with all wisdom and insight’ as qualifying what follows, namely, ‘he made known’ (v. 9), and referring to God’s own wisdom and insight (cf. NRSV, TEV), on balance it is better to link them with the preceding relative clause, that he lavished on us (cf. NEB, NIV, JB), and to understand them of God’s gifts of grace. (O'Brien, P. T. The letter to the Ephesians. The Pillar New Testament commentary Eerdmans) In (1722) (en) in this context is locative of sphere, i.e., this superabundance of grace was ensphered within the guiding limitations of all wisdom and insight." All (3956) (pas) means all, whole, every. Includes idea of totality and implies no exceptions.