πῶς (from the obsolete ΠΟΣ, whence ποῦ, ποῖ, etc. (cf. Curtius, § 631)), adverb (from Homer down); I. in interrogation; how? in what way? in a direct question, followed by a. the indicative, it is the expression α. of one seeking information and desiring to be taught: Luk_1:34; Luk_10:26; Joh_3:9; Joh_9:26; 1Co_15:35 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 266 (250)); πῶς οὖν, Joh_9:10 Tdf. (but L WH brackets οὖν), Joh_9:19; Rom_4:10. β. of one about to controvert another, and emphatically deny that the thing inquired about has happened or been done: Mat_12:29; Mar_3:23; Luk_11:18; Joh_3:4; Joh_3:12; Joh_5:44; Joh_5:47; Joh_6:52; Joh_9:16; 1Jn_3:17; 1Jn_4:20; Rom_3:6; Rom_6:2; 1Co_14:7; 1Co_14:9; 1Co_14:16; 1Ti_3:5; Heb_2:3; καί πῶς, Mar_4:13; Joh_14:5 (here L text Tr WH omit καί); πῶς οὖν, Mat_12:26; Rom_10:14 R G; πῶς δέ, Rom_10:14 a R G L marginal reading, 14b R G T, 15 R G (on this see in b. below). where something is asserted and an affirmative answer is expected, πῶς οὐχί is used: Rom_8:32; 2Co_3:8. γ. of surprise, intimating that what has been done or is said could not have been done or said, or not rightly done or said being equivalent to how is it, or how has it come to pass, that etc.: Gal_2:14 G L T Tr WH; Mat_22:12; Joh_4:9; Joh_6:52; Joh_7:15; πῶς λέγεις, λέγουσι, κτλ., Mar_12:35; Luk_20:41; Joh_8:38; καί πῶς, Luk_20:44; Act_2:8; καί πῶς σύ λέγεις, Joh_12:34; Joh_14:9 (here L T WH omit; Tr brackets καί); πῶς οὖν, Joh_6:42 (here T WH Tr text πῶς νῦν); Mat_22:43; πῶς οὐ, how is it that ... not, why not? Mat_16:11; Mar_8:21 R G L marginal reading; (R G T); Luk_12:56. b. the deliberative subjunctive (where the question is, how that can be done which ought to be done): πῶς πληρωθῶσιν αἱ γραφαί, how are the Scriptures (which ought to be fulfilled) to be fulfilled? Mat_26:54; πῶς φύγητε, how shall ye (who wish to escape) escape etc. Mat_23:33; add, πῶς οὖν, Rom_10:14 L T Tr WH; πῶς δέ, Rom_10:14 a L text T Tr WH; 14{b} L Tr WH; 15 L T Tr WH (Sir_49:11); cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 405f c. followed by ἄν with the optative: πῶς γάρ ἄν δυναίμην; Act_8:31 (on which see ἄν, III., p. 34b). II. By a somewhat negligent use, occasionally met with, even in Attic writings, but more frequent in later authors, πῶς is found in indirect discourse, where regularly ὅπως ought to have stood; cf. Winers Grammar, § 57, 2 at the end; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, IV.). a. with the indicative present: Mat_6:28; Mar_12:41; Luk_12:27; Act_15:36; 1Co_3:10; Eph_5:15; Col_4:6; 1Ti_3:15; τό πῶς (on the article see ὁ, II. 10 a.); with the imperfect Luk_14:7; with the perfect, Rev_3:3; with the aorist, Mat_12:4; Mar_2:26 (here Tr WH brackets πῶς); Luk_8:36; Act_9:27, etc.; after ἀναγινώσκειν, Mar_12:26 T Tr WH; how it came to pass that, etc. Joh_9:15; with the future: μέριμνα, πῶς ἀρέσει (because the direct question would be πῶς ἀρέσω;), 1Co_7:32-34 (but L T Tr WH ἀρέσῃ); ἐζήτουν πῶς αὐτόν ἀπολέσουσιν, how they shall destroy him (so that they were in no uncertainty respecting his destruction, but were only deliberating about the way in which they will accomplish it), Mar_11:18 R G (but the more correct reading here, according to the best manuscripts, including codex Siniaticus, is ἀπολέσωσιν 'how they should destroy him' (cf. Winers Grammar, § 41 b. 4 b.; Buttmann, § 139, 61; see the next entry)). b. with the subjunctive, of the aorist and in deliberation: Mar_11:18 L T Tr WH; Mar_14:1; Mar_14:11 (R G); Mat_10:19; Luk_12:11; τό πῶς, Luk_22:2; Luk_22:4; Act_4:21. III. in exclamation, how: πῶς δύσκολόν ἐστιν, Mar_10:24; πῶς παραχρῆμα, Mat_21:20; πῶς δυσκόλως, Mar_10:23; Luk_18:24; with a verb, how (greatly): πῶς συνέχομαι, Luk_12:50; πῶς ἐφίλει αὐτόν, Joh_11:36.

πῶς pōs 103x interrogative particle, How? In what manner? By what means? Mat_7:4 ; Mat_22:12 ; Joh_6:52 ; used in interrogations which imply a negative, Mat_12:26 ; Mat_12:29 ; Mat_12:34 ; Mat_22:45 ; Mat_23:33 ; Act_8:31 ; put concisely for How is it that? How does it come to pass that? Mat_16:11 ; Mat_22:43 ; Mar_4:40 ; Joh_7:15 ; with an in direct interrogation, how, in what manner, Mat_6:28 ; Mat_10:19 ; Mar_11:18 ; put for τί , What? Luk_10:26 ; put for ὡς , as a particle of exclamation, how, how much, how greatly, Mar_10:23-24

πῶς , interrog. adv. , correl. of ὅπως , 1. prop ., in direct questions, how ?: c . indic ., Mat_12:29 , Mar_3:23 , Luk_11:18 , Joh_3:4 , al. ; Καὶ Papyri, Mar_4:13 , Luk_20:44 ; Papyri οὖν , Mat_12:26 ; Papyri οὐ , Mat_16:11 , Luk_12:56 ; in deliberative questions ( cf. Bl., § 64, 6), c . subjc ., Mat_23:33 ; Mat_26:54 ; Papyri οὖν , Rom_10:14 ; Papyri δέ Rom_10:14-15 ; seq . ἄν , c . optat ., Act_8:31 . 2. As sometimes in cl . but more freq . and increasingly so in late writers ( v. WM , § 57, 2; B1., § 70, 2; Thumb, MGr ., 192; Jannaris , Gr ., App ., vi, 13 f .), = ὅπως , ὥς ; (a) in indirect discourse: c . indic ., Mat_6:28 , Mar_12:41 , Luk_8:36 , Joh_9:15 , Act_9:27 , al. ; c . subjc ., Mar_11:18 , Luk_12:11 ; (b) in exclamations: Mat_21:20 , Mar_10:23-24 , Luk_12:20 ; Luk_18:24 , Joh_11:36 .

πῶς [page 561] how, in what manner, ( a ) in direct questions P Oxy IV. 744 .12 (B.C. 1) (= Selections , p. 33) πῶς δύναμαί σε ἐπιλαθεῖν ; how can I forget you? Cf. Act_8:31 πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην ; which Field ( Notes , p. 117) renders, Why, how can I ? For the exclamatory πῶς , as in Mar_10:24 , cf. Philemon fr . 2 ὦ πῶς πονηρόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου φύσις | τὸ σύνολον , Epict. Man . 24. 3 ὁρᾶτε ὑμεῖς , πῶς ἄνισοί ἐστε καὶ ἀγνώμονες ; see further K. Rupprecht in Philologus lxxx. ( N.F . xxxiv.), 1924, p. 207. ( b ) in indirect discourse P Oxy IV. 745 .6 ( c . A.D. 1) οὐκ οἶδας γὰρ πῶς μοι ἐχρήσατο ἐν Ὀξυρύγχοις , you don t know how he treated me at Oxyrhynchus (?), P Tebt II. 408 .4 (A.D. 3) ἐπιστάμενος πῶς σε τίθεμαι κὲ φιλῶ , since you know how I esteem and love you (Edd.) (cf. Act_20:18 ), P Oxy II. 294 .24 (A.D. 22) (= Selections , p. 36) γράψον μοι πῶς πάλιν ἄνω λαλαχεύεται , write me how his hair is growing again on the top, P Ryl II. 235 .8 (ii/A.D.) οὐκ ἐδήλωσάς μοι περὶ τῆς εὐρωστίας σου καὶ πῶς διάγεις , you did not inform me of your good health and how you are, P Oxy VI. 932 .4 (late ii/A.D.) ἐρῖ σοι δὲ Ἀπολινάρις πῶς τὰ θέματα καὶ τὰ δημόσια , Apolinarius will tell you how the deposits and public dues stand, ib . 939 .24 (iv/A.D.) νῦν δὲ πῶς πλίονα γράψω περὶ αὐτῆς ἀπορῶ , but now I am at a loss how I shall write more regarding her, and ib . I. 120 .14 (iv/A.D.) ἄχρις ἂν γνῶ πῶς τὰ κατ᾽ αἰμαὶ ἀποτίθαιται ( l . ἐμὲ ἀποτίθεται ), until I know the position of my affairs (Edd.). We find already in the NT (e.g. 1Th_1:9 ) the MGr tendency to use πῶς as equivalent to little more than ὅτι : cf. BGU I. 37 .6 (A.D. 50) οἶδας γὰρ πῶς αὐτοῦ ἑκάστης ὥρας χρήζωι , P Ryl II. 235 .6 (ii/A.D.) ἐθ̣[αύ ]μασε (=α ) δὲ πῶς διὰ Λυπέρκου οὐκ ἐδήλωσάς μοι περὶ τῆς εὐρωστίας σου , I was surprised that you did not inform me through Lupercus of your good health (Edd.), and see Radermacher Gr . p. 159, Hatzidakis Gr . p. 19.

πῶς, interrog. adv., correl. of ὅπως, __1. prop., in direct questions, how?: with indic., Mat.12:29, Mrk.3:23, Luk.11:18, Jhn.3:4, al.; καὶ π., Mrk.4:13, Luk.20:44; π. οὖν, Mat.12:26; π. οὐ, Mat.16:11, Luk.12:56; in deliberative questions (cf. Bl., §64, 6), with subjc., Mat.23:33 26:54; π. οὖν, Rom.10:14; π. δέ, Rom.10:14, 15; before ἄν, with optative, Act.8:31. __2. As sometimes in cl. but more frequently and increasingly so in late writers (see WM, §57, 2; Bl., §70, 2; Thumb, MGr., 192; Jannaris, Gr., App., vi, 13f.), = ὅπως, ὥς; __(a) in indirect discourse: with indic., Mat.6:28, Mrk.12:41, Luk.8:36, Jhn.9:15, Act.9:27, al.; with subjc., Mrk.11:18, Luk.12:11; __(b) in exclamations: Mat.21:20, Mrk.10:23, 24 Luk.12:50 18:24, Jhn.11:36. (AS)