G4531: σαλεύω (saleúō)

G4531 σαλεύω (saleúō)

Greek

Quick Definition

σαλεύω v. I shake, excite

Strong's Definition

from 4535; to waver, i.e. agitate, rock, topple or (by implication) destroy; figuratively, to disturb, incite

KJV Usage: move, shake (together), which can(-not) be shaken, stir up

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

σαλεύω (G4531) — σαλεύομαι

verb | ἅλλομαι

16.7 · Non-Linear Movement

to shake to cause something to move back and forth rapidly, often violently In some languages there are quite distinct terms for shaking, depending upon the vigor of the motion and/or the objects which are shaken. Accordingly, one must exercise care in selecting terms which will accurately and adequately represent the nature of the shaking in the various contexts. For example, in HEB 12:26 the shaking would presumably involve some kind of reverberation, but in REV 6:13 the action of the wind suggests whipping something back and forth.
It is possible to interpret σαλεύω in MAT 24:29 (αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται ‘the hosts of heaven will be shaken’) as meaning literal shaking, but it may be used figuratively in the sense of deposing the hosts of heaven from their positions of power.

MAT 11:7 · MAT 24:29 · MRK 13:25 · LUK 6:38 · LUK 6:48 · LUK 7:24 · LUK 21:26 · ACT 4:31 · ACT 16:26 · HEB 12:26 · HEB 12:27 · HEB 12:27

39.44 · Hostility, Strife · Riot

to stir up against, to start a riot, to cause an uproar to cause people to riot against

ACT 17:13

25.242 · (σαλεύομαι) · Attitudes and Emotions · Worry, Anxiety, Distress, Peace

to become unsettled, to be deeply distressed, to be upset (a figurative extension of meaning of σαλεύω ‘to shake,’ 16.7) to become emotionally unsettled and distraught

ACT 2:25 · 2TH 2:2

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

σαλεύω ; 1 aor. ἐσάλευσα; Pass., pres. ptep. σαλευόμεvos; pf. ptep. σεσαλευμένος ; 1 aor. ἐσαλεύθην ; 1 fut. σαλευθήσομαι ; (σάλος, α- v-); fr. Aeschyl. and Arstph. down; in Sept. pass. σαλεύομαι for Oi) and 333; a. prop. of the motion produced by winds, storms, waves, etc.; to agitate or shake: κάλαμον, pass., Mt. xi. 7; Lk. vii. 243 to cause to totter, ras δυνάμεις τῶν ovp., pass., Mt. xxiv. 29; Mk. xiii. 25; Lk. xxi. 26; τὴν γῆν, Heb. xii. 26 (Is. xxiv. 20; Am. ix.5); an edifice, Lk. vi. 48; Acts iv. 31; xvi. 26; τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα, the things which are not shaken, i. 6. the perfect state of things which will exist after the return of Christ from heaven and will undergo no change, opp. to τὰ σαλευόμενα, the present order of things subject to vicissitude and decay, Heb. xii. 27. to shake thoroughly, of a measure filled by shaking its contents together, Lk. vi. 38. b. to shake down, overthrow, i. e. trop. to cast down from one’s (secure and happy) state, Acts ii. 25 (fr. Ps. xv. (xvi.) 8); by a trop. use foreign to prof. auth. to move or agitate the mind, to disturb one: twa ἀπὸ τοῦ νοός, so as to throw him out of his sober and natural mental state [B. 322 (277)], 2 Th. ii. 2; τοὺς ὄχλους, to stir up, Acts xvii. 13.

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

σαλεύω saleuō 15x

to make to rock, to shake, Mt. 11:7; 24:29; Mk. 13:25; Lk. 6:38, 48; 7:24; 21:26; Acts 4:31; 16:26; Heb. 12:26; met. to stir up, excite the people, Acts 17:13; to agitate, disturb mentally, Acts 2:25; 2 Thess. 2:2; pass. impl. to totter, be ready to fall, be near to ruin, met. Heb. 12:36, 27*

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

σαλεύω

(< σάλος), [in LXX for מוּט, נוּעַ, etc. ;]

prop., of the action of wind, storm, etc., to agitate, shake: of a reed, Mt 11:7, Lk 7:24; a house, Lk 6:48, Ac 4:31 16:26; the earth, He 12:26; the heavenly bodies, Mt 24:29, Mk 13:25, Lk 21:26; of a vessel shaken in filling, Lk 6:38. Metaph.,

to shake, i.e. to render insecure: τὰ σαλευόμενα, τὰ μὴ., He 12:27;

c. acc pers., to cast down from a sense of security and happiness: Ac 2:25 (LXX);

to unsettle or drive away: pass., seq. ἀπὸ τ. νοός, II Th 2:2;

to stir up: τ. ὄχλους, Ac 17:13.†

Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT

σαλεύω, lit. “agitate,” ‘shake,’ as by winds and storms: see P Lond 46%? (iv/a.p.) (=I. p. 80) ἐπικαλοῦμαί oe τὸν . σαλε[ύσαντα] τὸν οὐρανόν, cf. Mt 2455, a/., and the citations in Boll Offenbarung, p. 135. The verb is used figuratively, as in Heb 12°, in the illiterate P Oxy III. 52818 (ii/A.D.) where a man writes to his sister (wife) ἔπεμσάς pu ἐπιστολὰς δυναμένου λίθον σαλεῦσε, οὕτως ὑ λόγυ σου καικίνηκάν με, “you sent me letters which would have shaken a stone, so much did your words move me” (Edd.), and OG/S 515} (iii/A.D.) σαλεύει yap ὡς ἀληθῶς ἡ σωτηρία τῆς πόλε]ως ἐκ κακουργίας Kal πανουργίας ὀλίγων τινῶν αὐτῇ ἐπεμβα)ινόντων. Tlence the derived meaning “‘dislodge,”’ ‘‘ drive away” from your sober senses, as in 2 Thess 25, where Lightfoot (Votes on Epp. of S. Paul, p. 109) compares Plut. Afor. 493 D ὄρεξιν τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ἀποσαλεύουσαν followed almost immediately by ὡς ἐπ᾽ ἀγκύρας τῆς φύσεως σαλεύει. For a weakened sense cf. PSI IV. 299! (iii/a.D.) κατεσχέθην νόσῳ... ὡς μὴ δύνασθαι μηδὲ σαλεύεσθαι, “1 was held fast by illness, so as to be unable even to move myself ’’: see also P Oxy III. 472°9(c. A.D. 130) the request of a daughter to her mother—tt kal παρασχεῖν ds ἐπὶ ἑνὶ μόνῳ σαλεύουσαν, “to give her something since she was dependent upon onlyasingle source ’’ (Edd.): cf. 1,55 II. 2. MGr σαλεύω, ‘ move,’’ * stir.

Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon

σαλεύω (saleuō) — to shake. σαλ-εύω, future σαλεύσω [LXX]: aorist ἐσάλευσα [Refs 5th c.BC+]:— passive, future σαλευθήσομαι [LXX+NT]: aorist ἐσαλεύθην [LXX+NT+5th c.BC+]perfect σεσάλευμαι (see. below): (σάλος):—cause to rock, make to vibrate or oscillate, with accusative, [τὰς ἀγκύρας] οὐδεὶς χειμὼν σαλεύει [Refs 4th c.BC+]; σ. τρικυμίᾳ πέδον, of the sea, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; of an earthquake, [LXX+1st c.AD+]heartrending, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; σ. τοὺς ὄχλους stir them up, [LXX+NT]:—passive, to be shaken to and fro, waver, totter, reel, χθὼν σεσάλευται [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of teeth or nails, to be loosened, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; of persons, ἐκ Βρομίου γυῖα σαλευόμενον [Refs 6th c.AD+]; ὑφ᾽ ἡδονῆς σαλευομένη κορώνη [Refs 7th c.BC+]; later simply, stir, move, κατεσχέθην νόσῳ.. ὡς μὴ δύνασθαι μηδὲ σαλεύεσθαι [Refs 3rd c.AD+]

2. shake in measuring, so as to give good measure, μέτρον σεσαλευμένον [NT]

II. intransitive, move up and down, roll, toss, especially of ships in a stormy sea or persons in them, σ. ἐν πλοίοις [Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, put out to sea, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]: metaphorically, toss like a ship at sea, to be tempest-tossed, be in sore distress, πόλις γὰρ.. ἄγαν ἤδη σαλεύει [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν νόσοις ἢ γήρᾳ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν κινδύνῳ σ. [Refs 1st c.BC+]; to be unstable, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; flicker, of the eye-balls in nystagmus, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; oscillate, of the λόγος ἐνδιάθετος, ἐν τούτοις [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

II.2. of ships also, ἐπ᾽ ἀγκυρῶν ride at anchor, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; also ὁρῶν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τούτῳ μόνῳ (i.e. τῷ υἱῷ) σαλεύοντας [Refs 1st c.AD+]; γραῦν ἐπὶ ἑνὶ γομφίῳ σ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἐπὶ τοιούτοις παραγγέλμασιν [Refs 2nd c.AD+] anchor them upon.., [Refs 3rd c.AD+]

II.3. metaphorically, roll like a ship, roll in one's walk, of persons with the hip-joints far apart, [Refs 5th c.BC+]