ἀντί [before ὧν, ἀνθ᾽ ; elsewhere neglecting elision] a preposition foll. by the gen. (answering to the Lat. ante and the Germ. prefixes ant-, ent-), in the use of which the N. T. writ. coincide with the Greek (W. 364 (341)); 1. prop. it seems to have signified over against, opposite to, before, in a local sense (Bttm. Gram. p. 412; [ef. Curtius § 204]). Hence 2. indicating exchange, succession, for, instead of, in place of (something). a. univ. instead of: ἀντὶ ἰχθύος ὄφιν, Lk. xi. 11; ἀντὶ περιβολαίου to serve as a covering, 1 Co. xi. 15; ἀντὶ τοῦ λέγειν, Jas. iv. 15, (ἀντὶ τοῦ with inf. often in Grk. writ. [W. 329 (309); B. 263 (226)]). b. of that for which any thing is given, received, endured: Mt. v. 38; xvii. 27 (to release me and thyself from obligation) ; Heb. xii. 2 (to obtain the joy; ef. Bleek, Liinemann, or Delitzsch ad loc.) ; of the price of sale (or purchase): Heb. xii. 16; λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν, Mt. xx. 28; Mk.x.45. Then c. of recompense: κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόναι, Ro. xii. 17; 1 Th. v. 15; 1 Pet. iii. 9, (Sap. xi. 16 (15)). ἀνθ᾽ ὧν equiv. to ἀντὶ τούτων, ὅτι for that, because : Lk. i. 20; xix. 44; Acts xii. 23; 2 Th. ii. 10, (also in prof. auth. [exx. in Wetst. on Luke i. 20]; ef. Herm. ad Vig. p. 710; [W. 364 (342), ef. 162 (153); B. 105 (92)]; Hebr. wx ANA, Deut. xxi. 14; 2K. xxii. 17). d. of the cause: ἀνθ᾽ dy wherefore, Lk. xii. 3; ἀντὶ τούτου for this cause, Eph. v31. 6. of succession to the place of another: ‘Ap y. βασιλεύει ἀντὶ Ηρώδου in place of Herod, Mt. ii. 22, (1 K. xi. 44; Hdt.1, 108; Xen. an. 1, 1,4). χάριν ἀντὶ χάριros grace in the place of grace, grace succeeding grace perpetually, i. 6. the richest abundance of grace, Jn. i. 16, (Theogn. vs. 344 ἀντ᾽ ἀνιῶν ἀνίας [yet cf. the context vs. 342 (vss. 780 and 778 ed. Welcker); more appropriate are the reff. to Philo, i. 254 ed. Mang. (de poster. Caini § 48, vol. ii. 89 ed. Richter), and Chrys. de sacerdot. 1. vi. ο. 18 § 6227). 3. As a prefix, it denotes a. opposite, over against: ἀντιπέραν, ἀντιπαρέρχεσθαι. Ὁ. the mutual efficiency of two: ἀντιβάλλειν, ἀντικαλεῖν, ἀντιλοιδορεῖν. ο. requital: ἀντιμισθία, ἀνταποδίδωμι. ἃ. hostile opposition: ἀντίχριστος. 6. official substitution, instead of: ἀνθύπατος.

ἀντί anti 22x

over against; hence, in correspondence to, answering to, Jn. 1:16; in place of, Mt. 2:22; in retribution or return for, Mt. 5:38; in consideration of, Heb. 12:2, 16; on account of, Mt. 17:27; ἀνθ’ ὡ
, because, Lk. 1:20

ἀντί

(the ι is elided only in ἀνθ᾽ ὧν), prep. c. gen. (cf. MM, VGT, s.v.);

prop, in local sense, over against, opposite, hence;

instead of, in place of, for (Hom., etc.): Mt 5:38 17:27, Lk 11:11, I Co 11:15, He 12:2; c. artic. inf. (cl.), Ja 4:15; of succession, Mt 2:22; χάριν ἀ. χάριτος, Jo 1:16 (M, Pr., 100); of price in exchange, He 12:16; λύτρον ἀ. πολλῶν, Mt 20:28, Mk 10:45 (M, Pr., 105); of requital, Ro 12:17, I Th 5:15, I Pe 3:9 (cf. Wi 11:15); ἀνθ᾽ ὧν, because, Lk 1:20 19:44, Ac 12:23, II Th 2:10 (cl., LXX for אֲשֶׁר תַּחַת); id. therefore (cl., LXX), Lk 12:3; ἀ. τούτου (LXX for עַל־כֵּן), Eph 5:31. As a prefix, ἀντι- (before vowels ἀντ-, ἀνθ᾽-), denotes over against, ἀντιπέραν;

co-operation, ἀντιβάλλειν;

requital, ἀντιμισθία;

opposition, ἀντίχριστος;

substitution, ἀνθύπατος. Compounds of ἀ. usually govern dat. (Bl., § 37, 7).†

Ir has been often claimed, and in the interests of an all-important truth, namely the vicarious character of the sacrifice of the death of Christ, that in such passages as Met. 4i;-93 Tit. i. 14: 1 Tim. 11. 6; Gal. 111: 13+ Luke REM 19, 203 1 Pet. 11. 21: 11.133 iv.1; Rom. v.38; John x. 15, in all of which Christ is said to have died ὑπὲρ πάντων, UTEP ἡμῶν, ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων, and the like, ὑπέρ shall be accepted as equipollent with ἀντί. And then, it is further urged that, as ἀντί is the preposition first of equivalence (Homer, Jl. ix. 116, 117) and then of exchange (1 Cor. xi. 15; Heb. xii. 2, 16; Matt. v. 38), ὑπέρ must in all those passages be regarded as having the same force. Each of these, it is evident, would thus become a dictum probans for a truth, in itself most vital, namely that Christ suffered, not merely on our behalf and for our good, but also in our stead, and bearing that penalty of our sins which we otherwise must ourselves have borne. Now, though some have denied, we must yet accept as eertain that ὑπέρ has sometimes this meaning. Thus in the Gorgias.of Plato, 515 c, ἐγὼ ὑπὲρ σοῦ ἀποκρινοῦμαι, “1 312 SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. δχχΧη, will answer in your stead ;? compare Xenophon, Anab. vii. 4.9: ἐθέλοις ἂν ὑπὲρ τούτου ἀποθανεῖν ; ‘Wouldst thou die instead of this lad?’ as the context and the words εἰ παίσειεν αὐτὸν ἀντὶ ἐκείνου make abundantly manifest ; Thucydides, i. 141; Euripides, Alcestis, 712; Poiybius, iii. 67. 7; Philem. 13; and perhaps I Cor. xv. 29; but it is not less certain that in passages far more numerous ὑπέρ means no more than, on behalf of, for the good of ; thus Matt. v. 44; John xiii. 37; 1 Tim. ii. 1, and continually. It must be admitted to follow from this, that had we in the Scripture only statements to the effect that Christ died ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, that He tasted death ὑπὲρ παντός, it would be impossible to draw from these any irrefragable proof that his death was vicarious, He dying in our stead, and Himself bearing on his Cross our sins and the penalty of our sins; however we might find it, as no doubt we do, elsewhere (Isai. lili. 4-6). It is only as having other declarations, to the effect that Christ died ἀντὶ πολλῶν (Matt. xx. 28), gave Himself as an ἀντί λυτρον (1 Tim. ii. 6), and bringing those other to the interpretation of these, that we obtain a perfect right to claim such declarations of Christ’s death for us as.also declarations of his death in our stead. And in them beyond doubt the preposition ὑπέρ is the rather employed, that it may embrace both these meanings, and express how Christ died at once for our sakes (here it touches more nearly on the meaning of περί, Matt. xxvi. 28; Mark xiv. 24; 1 Pet. iii. 18; διά also once occurring in this connexion, I Cor. viii. 11), and in our stead; while ἀντί would only have expressed the last of these. , Tischendorf, in his little treatise, Doctrina Pauli de Vi Mortis Christi Satisfactorid, has some excellent remarks on this matter, which I will quote, though what has been just said has anticipated them in part: ‘ Fuerunt, qui ex sola naturé et usu prepositionis ὑπέρ demonstrare conarentur, Paulum docuisse satisfactionem Christi vicariam ; δΊχχχπι. SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. 313 alii rursus negarunt prepositionem ὑπέρ a N. Test. auctoribus recte positam esse pro ἀντί, inde probaturi contrarium. Peccatum utrimque est. Sola preepositio utramque pariter adjuvat sententiarum partem; pariter, inquam, utramque. Namque in promptu sunt, contra perplurium opinionem, desumta ex multis veterum Grecorum scriptoribus loca, quee preepositioni ὑπέρ significatum, loco, vice, alicujus plane vindicant, atque ipsum Paulum eodem significatu eam usurpasse, et quidem in locis, quee ad nostram rem non pertinent, nemini potest esse dubium (cf. Philem. 13; 2 Cor. v. 20; 1 Cor. xv. 29). Siautem queritur, cur hac potissimum prepositione incerti et fluctuantis significattis in re tam gravi usus sit Apostolus—inest in ipsd pr™positione quo sit aptior reliquis ad describendam Christi mortem pro nobis oppetitam. Etenim in hoc versari rei summam, quod Christus mortuus sit in commodum hominum, nemo negat; atque id quidem factum est ita, ut moreretur hominum loco. Pro conjuncta significatione et commodi et vicarii preclare ab Apostolo adhibita est prepositio ὑπέρ. Itaque rectissime, ut solet, contendit Winerus noster, non licere nobis in gravibus locis, ubi de morte Christi agatur, prepositionem ὑπέρ simpliciter = ἀντί sumere. Est enim plane Latinorum pro, nostrum /iir. Quotiescunque Paulus Christum pro nobis mortuum esse docet, ab ips4 notione vicarii non disjunctam esse voluit notionem commodi, neque umquam ab hic, quamvis perquam aperta sit, excludi illam in ista formula, jure meo dico.’”

ἀντί. The primitive local force, surviving in ἔναντι and the Latin cognate ate, and conspicuous in the old Cretan dialect, leaves traces in the Kow7: there is an interesting discussion of its provenance in Wackernagel’s pamphlet, Aed/enzstica (Gottingen, 1907), p. 5 f. Its solitary appearance in an Attic inscr., and in one passage of the ‘* Halbattiker ” Xenophon, make quite natural such an abnormality in the Kowy as P Par 14° (the astronomical treatise of Eudoxus) ὅταν ἡ σελήνη τῷ ἡλίῳ ἐπισκοτήσ[ῃ] ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἡμῶν. Closely akin is the temporal use in Sy// 6164 (dialect of Cos, iii/B.c.) ayvever@ar . . ἀντὶ νυκτός, ‘ea ipsa nocte”: so Dittenberger, who compares 438% (Delphi, before B.c. 400) ἀντὶ Féreos, and Hesychius ‘‘ avrérous τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἔτους." This may be seen still in P Lond 11719 (B.c. 8) (= III. p. 177) τιμ(ῆς) οἴνου ἀντὶ τῆς € τῶν ἐπαγομένων “‘ to cost of wine for the 5th of the intercalary days.” By far the commonest meaning of ἀντί is the simple ‘‘instead of.” P Tebt IT. 343% (ii/A.D.) ὥστε ἀντὶ ἐλαιῶνο[ς] φ[ο(ρίμου)] ἄρουραι κτλ. “making 2%? arourae converted from productive oliveyard” (Edd.). P Giss I. 477° (ii/A.D.) a corslet bought for 360 dr. ἀντὶ πλείονος, “under its value.” P Rein 74 (B.c. 141?) avr’ ἐλευθέρου δοῦλο[ς] γενέσθαι. P Oxy VIII. 111979 (A.D. 254) ἑτέρους ἀντ᾽ αὐτῶν. P Hib I. 170 (B.c. 247) ἵνα μὴ ἀντὶ φιλίας ἔχθραν [ποώ]μεθα. P Tebt 11. 302° (A.p. 71-2) τυγχάνομεν μερισθἸ]έντες ἐκ τοῦ δημοσίου ἀντὶ συντάξεως κτλ. “instead of a subvention” (Edd.). This shades into ““in exchange for” or ‘‘in return for” : Calder 455 (c. mid. ili/A.D.) τόνδε σε Μυγδονίη Διονύσιον ἀντὶ β[(]ου πολλῶν καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης στέμμα, “thy statue here, a Dionysius (in marble), M. (erected, thus honouring thee with) a crown in return for guarding the life of many and for preserving the peace” (Ed.). Preisigke 678 (A.D. 216)—the writer begs to have the stipulated 7 artabae of wheat ἀντὶ πλειόνων τῶν κλεπέντων. BGU III. $22! (iii/A.p.) ὀφείλ[ι] yap por

ἀντί (anti) — for. ἀντί, preposition governing genitive:—originally sense, over against. (Cf. Sanskrit ánti 'opposite', 'facing', Latin ante, etc.) __A USAGE: __A.I of Place, opposite, over against, formerly quoted from several places of [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so ἄντ᾽ Αἴαντος (i.e. ἄντα)[Refs 8th c.BC+]; but ἀντί is so used in [Refs 5th c.BC+]c-l68; αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων mortises facing tenons, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἀντὶ μαιτύρων in the presence of witnesses, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.II of Time, ἀντὶ νυκτός the same night, [Refs]; ἀντὶ ϝέτεος[Refs 1st c.BC+]; ἀνθ᾽ ἡμέρας· δι᾽ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας, [Refs 5th c.AD+]; compare ἀντετοῦς. __A.III instead, in the place of, Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι[Refs 8th c.BC+]: sometimes used elliptically, ἦ 'τολμήσατ᾽ ἀντ᾽ ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τιν; i.e. ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.2 in [Refs 8th c.BC+] he is as good as many men, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος.. τέτυκται a guest is as much as a brother, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀντί τοί εἰμ᾽ ἱκέταο I am as a suppliant, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so later τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί serves as a bath, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον to be as hostages for.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων just like bought slaves, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.III.3 to denote exchange, at the price of, in return for, σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ᾽ ἀντὶ χάριν.. δοῖεν[Refs 8th c.BC+]; νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον for money paid, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δοίην ἀντ᾽ ἀνιῶν ἀνίας grief for grief, [Refs 6th c.BC+]:—hence ἀνθ᾽ ὧν wherefore, [NT+5th c.BC+]; ἀντὶ τούτου therefore, [NT]; but ἀνθ᾽ ὧν also for ἀντὶ τούτων ὄτι.., because, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀντὶ το; wherefore? why? [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ὅτι ἦτε.. instead of being as you were.., [LXX] __A.III.4 for the sake of, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; with Verbs of entreaty, like{πρός} with genitive, ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε[Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.5 to mark comparison, ἓν ἀνθ᾽ ἑνός one set against the other, compared with it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος, i.e. ever-increasing grace, [NT]; in preference to, ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντ᾽ ἀγαθοῦ[Refs 6th c.BC+]: even after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ[Refs 5th c.BC+]; so (especially after a negative) ἄλλος ἀντ᾽ ἐμοῦ[Refs 5th c.BC+] __B POSITION: ἀντί rarely follows its case, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; but the Grammars hold that it never suffers anastrophe. __C IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), it signified, __C.1 over against, opposite, as ἀντιβαίνω, ἀντίπορος. __C.2 against, in opposition to, as ἀντιλέγω, ἀντίβιος. __C.3 one against another, mutually, as ἀντιδεξιόομαι. __C.4 in return, as ἀντιβοηθέω. __C.5 instead of, as ἀντιβασιλεύς, ἀνθύπατος. __C.6 equal to, like, as ἀντίθεος, ἀντίπαις, ἀντίδουλος. __C.7 corresponding, counter, as ἀντίφορτος, ἀντίτυπος.