Hateful (4767) (stugeo) means to hate and is not found elsewhere in the NT. Hate is a natural fruit of envy, but it is also produced by many other things. It often has no rational base and simply is expressed for its own sake. It does not need a reason. Synonyms for hateful include - detestable, loathsome, despicable, odious, exciting great dislike, aversion or disgust. Clarke has a note that the Greek word for hateful derives from Styx, the infernal river by which the gods were wont to swear; and he who (according to the mythology of the heathens) violated this oath, was expelled from the assembly of the gods, and was deprived of his nectar and ambrosia for a year; hence the river was hateful to them beyond all things, and the verb stugeô, formed from this, signifies to shiver with horror. The Styx, which was natively good, came to be despised, exactly as do even the best things in life for those who are lost. Hating (3403) (miseo) means to have a strong aversion or to dislike strongly, with the implication of hostility. Miseo is in the present tense, indicating that hating is their way of life. It is the opposite of agapáo to love or philéo to be a friend to and is the equivalent to not loving or loveless, to slight. Hating is the active sense and natural result of being "hateful". Hiebert remarks that the fearful outcome (of the preceding actions) was the lovelessness of pagan society: "hateful, hating one another." Their detestable character and malignant disposition aroused mutual repulsion and antagonism, thus promoting and the dissolution of the bonds of human society. Clarke adds that because unsaved men so hated each other...self-interest alone could induce them to keep up civil society. This is the true state of all unregenerate men...the wretched state of fallen man. Hiebert sums up this section noting that In Romans 1 Paul has given an expansion of this brief picture. Not all the unsaved manifest these characteristics to the same extent but it is a picture of what depraved human nature naturally leads to. It is a depression picture. "Sin blunts the mind (foolish), perverts the heart and will (disobedient, going astray), and encourages the growth of all forms of selfish feeling (malice, envy, hate) Matthew Henry sums this last section up -- What contentions and quarrels flow from men's corruptions, such as were in the nature of those who by conversion are now good, but in their unconverted state made them ready to run like furious wild beasts one upon another! The consideration of its having been thus with us should moderate our spirits, and dispose us to be more equal and gentle, meek and tenderhearted, towards those who are such. This is the argument from their own past condition here described. This "unretouched picture" of unbelievers may not be beautiful, but it is certainly accurate! Some unregenerate persons do not display all of the traits mentioned here, but the works of the flesh (Gal 5:19—21) are always potentially present in their dispositions. Along with Romans 1:18—32; 3:9—18; Ephesians 2:1—3 and 4:17—19, this passage stands out as one of the most pathetic, penetrating descriptions in the NT of the human condition in all its sinfulness and misery. The root of the problem lies in our heart, for Jesus taught "That which proceeds out of the man, that is what defiles the man. For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed the evil thoughts, fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries, deeds of coveting and wickedness, as well as deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride and foolishness. All these evil things proceed from within and defile the man.” (Mk 7:20—23)