συν-είδησις, -ews, 7, (συνεῖδον), Lat. conscientia, [lit. ‘joint-knowledge’; see σύν, II. 4], 1. 6. a. the consciousness of anything: with a gen of the obj., τῶν ἅμαρτιῶν, a soul conscious of sins, Heb. x. 2 (rod μύσους, Diod. 4, 65; συνείδησις εὐγενής, consciousness of nobility; a soul mindful of its noble origin, Hdian. 7, 1, 8 [3 ed. Bekk.]). b. the soul as distinguishing between what is morally good and bad, prompting to do the former and shun the latler, commending the one, condemning the other ; conscience: with a gen. of the subj., ἡ o. τινος, Ro. ii. 15 (where the idea of ἡ συνείδησις is further explained by καὶ μεταξὺ... ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων [ef. W. 580 (539); see ἀπολογέομαι, 2, and συμμαρτυρέω]); Ro. ix. 1; 1 Co. viii. 7 [0 W. § 30, 1 a.], 10,12; x. 29; 2Co.i. 12; iv. 2; v. 11; Heb. ix. 14 (ἡ τοῦ φαύλου συνείδησις, Philo, fragm., vol. ii. p. 659 ed. Mangey [vi. p. 217 sq. ed. Richter]) ; ἡ ἰδία συνείδησις, 1 Tim. iv. 2; ἄλλη συνείδ. i. 4. ἄλλου τινὸς συν. 1 Co. x. 39; διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν, for conscience’ sake, because conscience requires it (viz. the conduct in question), Ro. xiii. 5; in order not to occasion scruples of conscience (in another), 1 Co. x. 28; μηδὲν ἀνακρίνειν διὰ τὴν συνείδ (anxiously) questioning nothing, as though such questioning were demanded by conscience, 1 Co. x. 25, 27; διὰ συνείδησιν θεοῦ, because conscience is impressed and governed by the idea of God (and so understands that griefs are to be borne according to God’s will), 1 Pet. ii. 19; ἡ συνείδ. rod εἰδώλου, a conscience impressed and controlled by an idea of the idol (i.e. by a notion of the idol’s existence and power), 1 Co. viii. 7 Rec.; τελειῶσαί τινα κατὰ τὴν συνείδησιν (sc. αὐτοῦ), so to perfect one that his own conscience is satisfied, i.e. that he can regard himself as free from guilt, Heb. ix. 9; ἐλέγχεσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς συν. In. viii. 9 (ὑπὸ τοῦ συνειδότος, Philo de Josepho ὃ 9 fin.; συνέχεσθαι τῇ ovr ειδ. Sap. xvii. 10); ἡ συνείδησις is said μαρτυρεῖν, Ro. ix. 1; συμμαρτυρεῖν, Ro. ii. 15; τὸ μαρτύριον τῆς συν. 2 Co. i. 12. With epithets: ἀσθενής, not strong enough to distinguish clearly between things lawful for a Christian and things unlawful, 1 Co. viii. 7, οἵ. 10; συνείδ. ἀγαθή, a conscience reconciled to God, 1 Pet. iii. 21; free from guilt, consciousness of rectitude, of right conduct, Acts xxiii. 1; 1 Tim. i. 5, (Hdian. 6, 3, 9 [4 ed. Bekk.]) ; ἔχειν συνείδ. ἀγαθήν, 1 Tim. i. 19; 1 Pet. iii. 16, (ἐν ἀγαθῇ συν ed. ὑπάρχειν, Clem. Rom. 1 Cor.41,1); ἔχειν συν. καλήν, | xix. 29; 2 Co. viii. 19. ({Diod. fr. lib. 37, 5,1 and 4 ed. Heb. xiii. 18 ; συν. καθαρά, 1 Tim. iii. 9; 2Tim.i. 3, (Clem. Rom. 1 Cor. 45, 7, cf. ἁγνὴ συν. ibid. 1, 3; καθαρὸς τῇ συνεἰδήσει, Ignat. ad Trall. 7,2); ἀπρόσκοπος, Acts xxiv. 16; πονηρά, a mind conscious of wrong-doing, Heb. x. 22 ([ἐν συνειδήσει πὸ ηρᾷ, ‘Teaching’ ete. 4, 14]; ἀπρεms, Leian. amor. 49). ἡ συνείδησις καθαρίζεται ἀπὸ κτλ. Heb. ix. 14; μολύνεται, 1 Co. vill. 7; μιαίνεται, πὶ. τ 158 (μηδὲν ἑκουσίως ψεύδεσθαι μηδὲ μιαίνειν τὴν αὑτοῦ συνείδησιν, Dion. Hal. jud. Thue. 8. ἅπασιν ἡμῖν ἡ συνείδησις θεός, Menand. 597 p. 108 ed. Didot; βροτοῖς ἅπασιν ἡ συνεἰδησις θεός, ibid. 654 p. 101 ed. Didot ; Epictet. fragm. 91 represents ἡ συνείδησις as filling the same office in adults which a tutor [παιδαγωγύς, q-v-] holds towards boys; with Philo, Plutarch, and others, τὸ συνειδός is more common. In Sept. once for 77, Eccl. x. 20; [i-q. conscience, Sap. xvii. 11; ef. Delitzsch, Brief an d. Rom. p-11]). Cf. esp. Jahnel, Diss. de conscientiae notione, qualis fuerit apud veteres et apud Christianos usque ad aevi medii exitum. Berol. 1862 [also the same, Ueber den Begr. Gewissen in d. Griech. Philos. (Berlin, 1872) ]; Kahler, Das Gewissen. I. die Entwickelung seiner Namen u. seines Begriffes. i. Alterth. u. N. T. (Halle, 1878); [also in Herzog ed. 2, 5. v. Gewissen; Zezschwitz, Profangricitat u.s.w. pp. 52-57; Schenkel, 8. v. Gewissen both in Herzog ed. 1, and in his BL.; P. Ewald, De vocis συν. ap. script. Novi Test. vi ac potestate (pp. 91; 1883); other reff. in Schaff-Herzog, s. v. Conscience ].

συνείδησις syneidēsis 30x

consciousness, Heb. 10:2; a present idea, persisting notion, impression of reality, 1 Pet. 2:19; conscience, as an inward moral impression of one’s actions and principles, Acts 23:1; 24:16; Rom. 9:1; 2 Cor. 1:12; conscience, as the inward faculty of moral judgment, Rom. 2:15; 13:5; 1 Cor. 8:7b, 10, 12; 10:25, 27, 28, 29; 2 Cor. 4:2; 5:11; 1 Tim. 1:5, 19; 3:9; 4:2; 2 Tim. 1:3; conscience, as the inward moral and spiritual frame, Tit. 1:15; Heb. 9:9, 14; 10:22; 13:18; 1 Pet. 3:16, 21*

συν-είδησις, -εως, ἡ

(< συνεῖδον), [in LXX: Ec 10:20 (מַדָּע), Wi 17:11, Si 42:18 א * ;]

consciousness: c. gen. obj., He 10:2, I Pe 2:19.

In ethical sense, innate discernment, self-judging consciousness, conscience (Stoics and late writers): Ro 2:15 9:1, I Co 10:29, II Co 1:12 4:2 5:11, I Ti 4:2, He 9:14; σ. ἀγαθή, Ac 23:1, I Ti 1:5, 19, I Pe 3:16, 21; ἀσθενής, I Co 8:7, 10; ἀσθενοῦσα, ib. 12; ἀπρόσκοπος, Ac 24:16; καθαρά, I Ti 3:9, II Ti 1:3; καλή, He 13:18; πονηρά, He 10:22; ὁ νοῦς καὶ ἡ σ., Tit 1:15; διὰ τὴν σ., Ro 13:5, I Co 10:25, 27, 28; κατὰ σ., He 9:9; ὑπὸ (τῆς) σ., Jo 8:[9] (Rec.), I Co 10:29 (cf. Cremer, 233 ff.; ICC on Ro 2:15; DB, i, 468 ff.).†

συνείδησις, (1) lit. “‘co-knowledge,’’ hence ‘‘consciousness’’: P Par Ρ. 422? (ii/A.D.) ὅταν ἰσελθῇς, καλῇ ὥρᾳ, εὑρήσις συνίδησιν, “lorsque tu seras entré, ἃ la bonne heure, tu trouveras les gens au courant de la chose(?)’’ (Ed.), P Ryl II. 116° (A.D. 194) θλειβομένη τῇ συνειδήσει περὶ ὧν ἐνοσφίσατο ἔν τε ἐνδομενείᾳ καὶ ἀποθέτοις, ‘‘oppressed by the consciousness of what she had appropriated both of the furniture and stored articles ’’ (Edd.), P Flor III. 3381? (iii/A.D.) οἶδα yap ὅτι συψειδήσι (‘“‘coscenziosamente,’’ Ed.) σπουδάζεις ἐμοί, P Oxy I, 1231} (iii/iv A.D.) ἤδη γὰρ οἱ τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων συνείδησιν εἰσήνεγκαν τοῖς κολλήγαις αὐτῶν, εἰσῆλθαν, “already the notaries of the other towns have acquainted their colleagues, and they have come in”’ (Edd.), BGU IV. 1024 41-7 (iv/A.D.) τὴν συνείδησιν τ[ῶν πεπραγμένων (?) . ., and P Par 211° (A.D. 616) ὁμολογοῦμεν γνώμῃ ἑκουσίᾳ καὶ αὐθαιρέτῳ βουλήσει καὶ ἀδόλῳ συνειδήσει. (2) The deeper sense of ‘‘conscience,’’ which the word has in the Pauline writings, is often traced to the influence of popular Greek philosophy: ‘‘it is one of the few technical terms in St. Paul which seem to have Greek rather than Jewish affinities,’’ say SH αὐ Rom 2'*. But it should be noted that the word does not occur in Epictetus (47ag. 97, Schweighauser, is now pronounced non-genuine), nor in M. Antoninus (see Bonhoffer Zpzhtet. p. 156f.). The word would seem, therefore, to have been ‘‘ baptized” by Paul into a new and deeper connotation, and to have been used by him as equivalent to τὸ συνειδός, for which we may quote three exx. from our sources—P Oxy IIT. 53275 (ii/A.D.) ὑπὸ κακοῦ συνειδότος κατεχόμενος, ‘‘being oppressed by an evil conscience ” (cf. Sap 1711), P Reinach 52

συνείδησις (suneidēsis) — conscience. συνείδησις, εως, ἡ, knowledge shared with another, τῶν ἀλγημάτων (in a midwife) [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

2. communication, information, εὑρήσεις σ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; σ. εἰσήνεγκαν τοῖς κολλήγαις αὐτῶν [Refs 3rd c.AD+]

3. knowledge, λῦε ταῦτα πάντα μὴ διαλείψας ἀγαθῇ σ. (variant{ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ}) [Refs 5th c.BC+]

4. consciousness, awareness, [τῆς αὑτοῦ συστάσεως] [NT+5th c.BC+]; inner consciousness, ἐν σ. σου βασιλέα μὴ καταράσῃ [LXX+NT]

5. consciousness of right or wrong doing, conscience, Periander and [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐὰν ἐγκλήματός τινος ἔχῃ σ. [Refs] (a) ii 19; βροτοῖς ἅπασιν ἡ σ. θεός [NT+4th c.BC+]; ἀπρόσκοπος πρὸς τὸν θεόν[NT+2nd c.AD+]; κολαζομένους κατὰ συνείδησιν [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὸν.. θεὸν κεχολωμένον ἔχοιτο καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν σ. [Refs]; conscientiousness, [Refs 6th c.AD+].--Senses 4 and 5 sometimes run one into the other, see [NT]

6. complicity, guilt, crime, περὶ τοῦ πεφημίσθαι αὐτὴν ἐν σ. τοιαύτῃ [Refs 2nd c.AD+]