σῶμα, σώματος, τό (apparently from σῶς 'entire' (but cf. Curtius, § 570; others from the root, ska, sko, 'to cover', cf. Vanicek, p. 1055; Curtius, p. 696)), the Sept. for αΘΜωΘ�ψ, βΐΜεΔιΘΜδ, etc.; πΐαΕμΘδ (a corpse), also for Chaldean βΖΜωΖΡν; a body; and: 1. the body both of men and of animals (on the distinction between it and σάρξ see σάρξ, especially 2 at the beginning; (cf. Dickson, St. Paul's use of 'Flesh' and 'Spirit', p. 247ff)); a. as everywhere in Homer (who calls the living body δέμας and not infreqently in subsequently Greek writings, a dead body or corpse: universally, Luk_17:37; of a man, Mat_14:12 R G; (Mar_15:45 R G); Act_9:40; plural Joh_19:31; τό σῶμα τίνος, Mat_27:58; Mar_15:43; Luk_23:52; Luk_23:55; Joh_19:38; Joh_19:40; Joh_20:12; Jud_1:9; of the body of an animal offered in sacrifice, plural Heb_13:11 (Exo_29:14; Num_19:3). b. as in Greek writings from Hesiod down, the living body: of animals, Jas_3:3; of man: τό σῶμα, absolutely, Luk_11:34; Luk_12:23; 1Co_6:13, etc.; ἐν σώματι εἶναι, of earthly life with its troubles, Heb_13:3; distinguished from τό αἷμα, 1Co_11:27; τό σῶμα and τά μέλη of it, 1Co_12:12; 1Co_12:14-20; Jas_3:6; τό σῶμα the temple of τό ἅγιον πνεῦμα, 1Co_6:19; the instrument of the soul, τά διά τοῦ σωματου namely, πραχθεντα, 2Co_5:10; it is distinguished from τό πνεῦμα, in Rom_8:10; 1Co_5:3; 1Co_6:20 Rec.; ; Jas_2:26 (4Ma_11:11); from ἡ ψυχή, in Mat_6:25; Mat_10:28; Luk_12:22 (Wis_1:4 Wis_8:19 f; 2Ma_7:37 2Ma_14:38; 4Ma_1:28, etc.); from ἡ ψυχή and τό πνεῦμα together, in 1Th_5:23 (cf. Song of the Three, 63); σῶμα ψυχικόν and σῶμα πνευματικόν are distinguished, 1Co_15:44 (see πνευματικός, 1 and ψυχικός, a.); τό σῶμα τίνος, Mat_5:29; Luk_11:34; Rom_4:19; Rom_8:23 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 187 (176)), etc.; ὁ ναός τοῦ σωματου αὐτοῦ, the temple which was his body, Joh_2:21; plural, Rom_1:24; 1Co_6:15; Eph_5:28; the genitive of the possessor is omitted where it is easily learned from the context, as 1Co_5:3; 2Co_4:10; 2Co_5:8; Heb_10:22(23), etc.; τό σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν, the body of our humiliation (subjective genitive), i. e. which we wear in this servile and lowly human life, opposed to τό σῶμα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ (i. e. τοῦ Χριστοῦ), the body which Christ has in his glorified state with God in heaven, Php_3:21; διά τοῦ σωματου τοῦ Χριστοῦ, through the death of Christ's body, Rom_7:4; διά τῆς προσφοράς τοῦ σωματου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, through the sacrificial offering of the body of Jesus Christ, Heb_10:10; τό σῶμα τῆς σαρκός, the body consisting of flesh, i. e. the physical body (tacitly opposed to Christ's spiritual body, the church, see 3 below), Col_1:22 (differently in Col_2:11 (see just below)); σῶμα τοῦ θανάτου, the body subject to death, given over to it (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 2 β.), Rom_7:24; the fact that the body includes ἡ σάρξ:, and in the flesh also the incentives to sin (see σάρξ, 4), gives origin to the following phrases: μή βασιλευέτω ἡ ἁμαρτία ἐν τῷ θνητῷ ὑμῶν σώματι, Rom_6:12 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 524 (488)); αἱ πράξεις τοῦ σώματος, Rom_8:13. Since the body is the instrument of the soul (2Co_5:10), and its members the instruments either of righteousness or of iniquity (Rom_6:13; Rom_6:19), the following expressions are easily intelligible: σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας, the body subject to, the thrall of, sin (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 2 β.), Rom_6:6; τό σῶμα τῆς σαρκός, subject to the incitements of the flesh, Col_2:11 (where Rec. has τό σῶμα τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τῆς σαρκός). δοξάζετε τόν Θεόν ἐν τῷ σώματι ὑμῶν, 1Co_6:20; μεγαλύνειν τόν Χριστόν ἐν τῷ σώματι, εἴτε διά ζωῆς, εἴτε διά θανάτου, Php_1:20; παραστῆσαι τά σώματα θυσίαν ... τῷ Θεῷ (i. e. by bodily purity (cf. Meyer at the passage)), Rom_12:1. c. Since according to ancient law in the ease of slaves the body was the chief thing taken into account, it is a usage of later Greek to call slaves simply σώματα; once so in the N. T.: Rev_18:13, where the Vulg. correctly translates bymancipia (A. V. slaves) (σώματα τοῦ οἴκου, Gen_36:6; σώματα καί κτήνη, Tob_10:10; Ἰουδαικα σώματα, 2Ma_8:11; examples from Greek writings are given by Lob. ad Phryn., p. 378f (add (from Sophocles Lexicon, under the word), Polybius 1, 29, 7; 4, 38, 4, also 3, 17, 10 bis); the earlier and more elegant Greek writings said σώματα δοῦλα, ὀικετικα, etc.). 2. The name is transferred to the bodies of plants, 1Co_15:37 f, and of stars (cf. our 'heavenly bodies'), hence, Paul distinguishes between σώματα ἐπουράνια, bodies celestial, i. e. the bodies of the heavenly luminaries and of angels (see ἐπουράνιος, 1), and σώματα ἐπίγεια, bodies terrestrial (i. e. bodies of men, animals, and plants), 1Co_15:40 (ἅπαν σῶμα τῆς τῶν ὅλων φύσεως ... τό σῶμα τοῦ κόσμου, diod. 1, 11). 3. tropically σῶμα is used of a (large or small) "number of men closely united into one society, or family as it were; a social, ethical, mystical body"; so in the N. T. of the church: Rom_12:5; 1Co_10:17; 1Co_12:13; Eph_2:16; Eph_4:16; Eph_5:23; Col_1:18; Colossians 2:19 3:15; with τοῦ Χριστοῦ added, 1Co_10:16; 1Co_12:27; Eph_1:23; Eph_4:12; Eph_5:30; Col_1:24; of which spiritual body Christ; is the head, Eph_4:15; Eph_5:23; Col_1:18; Col_2:19, who by the influence of his Spirit works in the church as the soul does in the body. ἕν σῶμα καί ἕν πνεῦμα, Eph_4:4. 4. ἡ σκιά and τό σῶμα are distinguished as the shadow and the thing itself which casts the shadow: Col_2:17; σκιάν αἰτησόμενος βασιλείας, ἧς ἥρπασεν ἑαυτῷ τό σῶμα, Josephus, b. j. 2, 2, 5; ((Philo de confus. ling. § 37; Lucian, Hermot. 79)).

σῶμα sōma 142x the body of an animal; a living body, Mat_5:29-30 ; Mat_6:22-23 ; Mat_6:25 ; Jas_3:3 ; a person, individual, 1Co_6:16 ; a dead body; corpse, carcass, Mat_14:12 ; Mat_27:52 ; Mat_27:58 ; Heb_13:11 ; the human body considered as the seat and occasion of moral imperfection, as inducing to sin through its appetites and passions, Rom_7:24 ; Rom_8:13 ; genr. a body, a material substance, 1Co_15:37-38 ; 1Co_15:40 ; the substance, reality, as opposed to ἡ σκιά , Col_2:17 ; in NT met., the aggregate body of believers, the body of the Church, Rom_12:5 ; Col_1:18 body.

σῶμα , -τος , τό , [in LXX for H1320 , H1472 , etc., and for Aram.] a body. 1. Prop ., of the human body, (a) as always in Hom . ( opp . to δέμας ), of the dead body: Mat_27:58-59 , Mar_15:43 , al. ; (b) of the living body: Luk_11:34 , 1Co_6:13 , al. ; ἐν σ . εἶναι , Heb_13:3 ; as the instrument of the soul, τὰ διὰ τοῦ σ ., 2Co_5:10 ; opp . to πνευμα , Rom_8:10 , 1Co_5:3 ; 1Co_7:4 , Jas_2:26 ; to ψυχή , Mat_6:25 ; Mat_10:28 , Luk_12:22 ( cf. Wis_1:4 , al. ); to τὸ Papyri καὶ ἡ ψ ., 1Th_5:23 ; σ . ψυχικόν , opp . to σ . πνευματικόν , 1Co_15:44 ; ὁ ναὸς τοῦ σ . αὐτοῦ ( gen . epexeg .), Joh_2:21 ; τὸ σ . τ . ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν (Hebraistic " gen . of definition"; M , Pr., 73 f .; B1., § 35, 5), opp . to τὸ σ . τ . δοξῆς αὐτοῦ , Php_3:21 ; similarly, τὸ σ . τ . σαρκός , Col_1:22 ; σ . τοῦ θανάτου (subject to death), Rom_7:24 ; σ . τ . ἁμαρτίας , Rom_6:6 ; (c) periphr., ἀνθρώπου σ ., then absol. , σῶμα ( Soph ., Xen ., al .), a person , and in later writers ( Polyb ., al. ), a slave: Rev_18:13 ( cf. MM , i, ii, xxiv; Deiss., BS , 160). 2. Of the bodies of animals: living, Jas_3:3 ; dead, Heb_13:11 ( Exo_29:14 , al. ). 3. Of inanimate objects ( cf. Eng. "heavenly bodies"): 1Co_15:37-38 ; 1Co_15:40 ( Diod ., al. ). 4. Of any corporeal substance ( Plat ., al. ): opp . to σκιά , Col_2:17 . Metaph ., of a number of persons united by a common bond; in NT, of the Church as the spiritual body of Christ: Rom_12:5 , 1Co_10:16-17 ; 1Co_12:13 ; 1Co_12:27 , Eph_1:23 ; Eph_2:16 ; Eph_4:4 ; Eph_4:12 ; Eph_4:16 ; Eph_5:23 ; Eph_5:30 , Col_1:18 ; Col_1:24 ; Col_2:19 ; Col_3:15 ; ἓν σ . κ . ἓν πνεῦμα , Eph_4:4 .

σῶμα [page 620] a body (1) properly of the human body (a) alive : cf. P Cairo Zen I. 59034 .20 (B.C. 257) μετὰ τῆς τοῦ σώματος ὑγιείας , and the common salutation, as in ib . 59036 .9 (B.C. 257), εἰ τῶι τε σώματι ἔρρωσαι καὶ τἄλλα σοι κατὰ γνώμη [ν ] ἐστίν , εἴη ἂν ὡς ἡμεῖς θέλομεν . See also BGU IV. 1208 .48 (B.C. 27 26) τὰ δὲ ] α̣͗λλα χαρι̣ε̣ῖ τ̣ο̣υ̣̑ σ̣ω̣μ̣α̣(τος ) [ἐπι ]μ̣ε̣(λόμενος ) ἵ̣ν̛̣ ὑ̣γ̣ι̣ε̣νῃς , ο̣ ] δη̣̣ μέγιστον ἡγ̣ο̣υ̣ͅμ̣[αι , PSI VII. 807 .23 (A.D. 280) where a prisoner petitions ἔχειν τὸ σῶμα ἐλεύθερον καὶ ἀνύβριστον , and the magic P Lond 121 .589 (iii/A.D.) (= I. p. 103) διαφύλασσέ μου τὸ σῶμα τὴν ψυχὴν ὁλόκληρον . Cf. Aristeas 139 ἁγνοὶ καθεστῶτες κατὰ σῶμα καὶ κατὰ ψυχήν . The tripartite division of 1Th_5:23 is found in P Oxy VIII. 1161 .6 (iv/A.D.), where the writer (a Christian) prays to our God and the gracious Saviour and His beloved Son, ὄ̣π̣ως οὗτοι πάντες β [ο ]ηθήσωσιν ἡμῶν τῷ σώματι , τῇ ψυχῇ , τῷ . . . πν (εύματι ). For the corresponding dim. σωμάτιον see the Christian letter P Oxy VI. 939 .21 (iv/A.D.) (= Chrest . I. p. 156 , Selections , p. 129) εἰ μὴ ἐπινόσως ἐσχήκει τὸ σωμάτιον τότε ὁ υἱὸς Ἀθανάσιος , αὐτὸν ἂν ἀπέστειλα πρός σε , unless my son Athanasius had been then in a sickly state of body, I would have sent him to you, and ib . .26 νοσηλότερον δὲ ὅμως τὸ σωμάτιον ἔχει , she is still in a somewhat sickly state of body. (b) dead , a corpse, as in Mar_15:43 et saepe : cf. P Leid M ii. 2 (ii/ B.C.) (= I. p. 60) τὴν προστασίαν τῶν ἐπιβαλλόντων αὐτῷ σωμάτων , τῶν μεταγομένων εἰς τοὺς τάφους , and ib . W vii. 14 (ii/iii A.D. a spell Ἔγερσις σώματος νεκροῦ . In P Oxy I. 51 .7 (A.D. 173) a public physician reports that he had been instructed ἐφιδεῖν σῶμα νεκρὸν ἀπηρτημένον , to inspect the dead body of a man who had been found hanged, and in P Grenf II. 77 .3 (iii/iv A.D.) the writer states that he has dispatched through the grave-digger τὸ σῶμα τοῦ [ἀδελφοῦ ] Φιβίωνος , and has paid [το ]ὺς μισθοὺς τῆς παρακομιδῆς τοῦ σώματος . Similarly σωμάτιον in the illiterate P Oxy VII. 1068 .6 (iii/A.D.), where the writer asks for a ship, εἵνα δυνηθῶ τὸ σωμάτιν κατενενκῖν ἐν Ἀλεξάνδριαν , so that I might be able to carry the corpse down to Alexandria. (2) For σώματα = slaves, as in Rev_18:13 and frequently in the LXX, we can now produce many exx. The word stands alone in such passages as P Cairo Zen I. 59027 .2 (B.C. 258) ὀψώνιον τοῖς σώμασιν , wages for the slaves, P Hib I. 54 .20 ( c . B.C. 245) τὸ σῶμα δὲ εἰ συνείληφας , but if you have arrested the slave (Edd.), P Oxy III. 493 .7 (a Will early ii/A.D.) τὰ ἄπρατα τῶν σωμάτων , unsold slaves, and BGU I. 1871 .12 (A.D. 159) Μελανᾶς ὁ προκίμενος [πέπ ]ραχα τὸ σῶμα , where the context shows that a slave is intended. For σῶμα in this sense but with a defining epithet cf. P Lond 401 .9 (B.C. 116 111) (= II. p. 14) τῶν οἰκετικῶν σωμάτ [ων , P Oxy I. 94 .9 (A.D. 83) πατρικὰ δοῦλα σώματα , BGU I. 168 .9 (A.D. 169) δουλι [κ ]ῶν σωμάτων , and P Lond 251 .23 (A.D. 337 350) (= II. p. 317) τῶν δούλων σωμάτων . The dim. σωμάτιον is correspondingly used in P Oxy I. 37 i. 7 (A.D. 49) ἀρρενικὸν σωμάτιον , a male foundling, whom the next document in the vol. shows to have been a slave ; and similarly the agreement for the nursing of a slave-child for two years, P Ryl II. 178 .1 (early i/A.D.) μηδὲ ἕτερον σωμα̣τ̣ι̣ο̣ν̣ π̣α̣ρ̣α̣[θηλάζειν παρ ]α̣̣ τ̣ο̣δ̣ε̣, and not to nurse another than this one ; and ib . 244 .10 (iii/A.D.) τὰ δὲ σωμάτια πολλοῦ ἐστὶν ἐνθά [δ ]ε καὶ οὐ συμφέρει ἀγοράσαι , slaves are very dear here, and it is inexpedient to buy (Edd.). (3) Σῶμα has also the general sense of person, as when in the iii/B.C. census-paper, P Petr III. 59 (b) .2 , σώματα ἐρσενικά are simply = males, or in ib . 107, an account of fares and freights, where the word is applied repeatedly to passengers. In P Petr II. 13 (3) .5 (B.C. 258 3) warning is uttered that a prison wall may fall, and some of the prisoners perish διαφανῆσαί τι τῶν σωμάτων . So in PSI IV. 359 .6 (B.C. 252 1) a certain μισθωτός is referred to as τὸ σῶμα : cf. ib . 366 .7 (B.C. 250 49), and the editor s introd. to ib . 423. (4) Reference may also be made to the metaph. use of σῶμα to denote the body of a document, as in P Fay 34 .20 (A.D. 161) Ἥρων ὁ προγεγρα (μμένος ) ἔγραψα τὸ σῶμα καὶ συνεθέμην πᾶσι τοῖς προκειμένοις καθὼς πρόκειται , I, Heron, the above-mentioned, have written the body of the contract and agreed to all the aforesaid terms as is aforesaid (Edd.) : cf. P Lond 1132 b . .11 (A.D. 142) (= III. p. 142) ἔγρα ]ψα τὸ σῶμα [αὐτοῦ τὸ ὄ ]νομα ὑπογράφοντος ἔτους πέμπτ [ου ] Ἀντωνίνου Καίσαρος .

σῶμα σῶμα, ατος, τό, [Etym: deriv. uncertain] "the body" of a man: in Hom. always "the dead body, corpse, carcase", whereas "the living body" is δέμας. "the living body", Hes. , Hdt. , attic; τὸ ς. σώζειν or -εσθαι to save one's "life", Dem. , Thuc. ; ἔχειν τὸ ς. κακῶς, ὡς βέλτιστα, to be in a bad, a good state of body, Xen. "body", as opp. to the "soul" (ψυχή), Plat. , etc.; τὰ τοῦ ς. ἔργα "bodily" labours, Xen. ; τὰ εἰς τὸ ς. τιμήματα "bodily" punishments, Aeschin. periphr., ἀνθρώπου σῶμα ῀ ἄνθρωπος, Hdt. ; esp. in Trag. , σῶμα θηρός ῀ ὁ θήρ, Soph. , etc.:—often of slaves, ς. αἰχμάλωτα Dem. , etc generally, "a body", i. e. "any material substance", Plat. , etc. "the whole body or mass" of a thing, ὑπὸ σώματι γῆς Aesch. ; τὸ ς. τῆς πίστεως "the body" of the proof, Arist.

σῶμα, -τος, τό, [in LXX for גְּוִיָּה ,בָּשָׂר, etc., and for Aram. נְבֵלָה ;] a body. __1. Prop., of the human body, __(a) as always in Hom. (opposite to δέμας), of the dead body: Mat.27:58, 59 Mrk.15:43, al.; __(b) of the living body: Luk.11:34, 1Co.6:13, al.; ἐν σ. εἶναι, Heb.13:3; as the instrument of the soul, τὰ διὰ τοῦ σ., 2Co.5:10; opposite to πνεῦμα, Rom.8:10, 1Co.5:3 7:4, Jas.2:26; to ψυχή, Mat.6:25 10:28, Luk.12:22 (cf. Wis.1:1, al.); to τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ., 1Th.5:23; σ. ψυχικόν, opposite to σ. πνευματικόν, 1Co.15:44; ὁ ναὸς τοῦ σ. αὐτοῦ (genitive epexeg.), Jhn.2:21; τὸ σ. τ. ταπεινώσεως (Hebraistic "genitive of definition"; M, Pr., 73f.; Bl., §35, 5), opposite to τὸ σ. τ. δοξῆς αὐτοῦ, Php.3:21; similarly, τὸ σ. τ. σαρκός, Col.1:22; σ. τοῦ θανάτου (subject to death), Rom.7:24; σ. τ. ἁμαρτίας, Rom.6:6; __(with) periphr., ἀνθρώπου, then absol., σῶμα (Soph., Xen., al.), a person, and in later writers (Polyb., al.), a slave: Rev.18:13 (cf. MM, i, ii, xxiv; Deiss., BS, 160). __2. Of the bodies of animals: living, Jas.3:3; dead, Heb.13:11 ( Exo.29:14, al.). __3. Of inanimate objects (cf. Eng. "heavenly bodies"): 1Co.15:37, 38 40 (Diod., al.). __4. Of any corporeal substance (Plat., al.): opposite to σκιά, Col.2:17. Metaphorical, of a number of persons united by a common bond; in NT, of the Church as the spiritual body of Christ: Rom.12:5, 1Co.10:16, 17 12:13, 27, Eph.1:23 2:16 4:4, 12, 16 5:23, 30, Col.1:18, 24 2:19 3:15; ἓν σ. κ. ἓν πνεῦμα, Eph.4:4. (AS)