ἀποκρίνω: (passive, 1 aorist ἀπεκρίθην; 1 future ἀποκριθήσομαι); i. to part, separate; passive to be parted, separated (1 aorist ἀπεκρίθην was separated, Homer, Iliad 5:12; Thucydides 2, 49; (4, 72); Theoph. de caus. plant. 6, 14, 10; (other examples in Veitch, under the word)). ii. to give sentence against one, decide that he has lost; hence, middle (present ἀποκρίνομαι; 1 aorist 3 person singular ἀπεκρίνατο); (to give forth a decision from myself (Winers Grammar, 253 (238))), to give answer, to reply; so from Thucydides down (and even in Herodotus 5, 49 (Gaisf.); 8, 101 (Gaisf., Bekker), who generally uses ὑποκρίνομαι). But the earlier and more elegant Greek writings do not give this sense to the passive tenses ἀπεκρίθην, ἀποκριθήσομαι. "The example adduced from Plato, Alcib. Secund., p. 149 b. (cf. Stallb., p. 388) is justly discredited by Sturz, De dial. Alex., p. 148, since it is without parallel, the author of the dialogue is uncertain, and, moreover, the common form is sometimes introduced by copyists." Lobeck ad Phryn., p. 108; (cf. Rutherford, New Phryn., p. 186f; Veitch, under the word; Winers Grammar, 23 (22)). But from Polybius down ἀποκριθῆναι and ἀποκρίνασθαι are used indiscriminately, and in the Bible the passive forms are by far the more common. In the N. T. the aorist middle ἀπεκρίνατο is found only in Mat_27:12; Mar_14:61; Luk_3:16; Luk_23:9; Joh_5:17; Joh_5:19; Joh_12:23 (R G L Tr marginal reading); Act_3:12; in the great majority of places ἀπεκρίθη is used; cf. Winers Grammar, § 39, 2; (Buttmann, 51 (44)). 1. to give an answer to a question proposed, to answer; a. simply: καλῶς, Mar_12:28; νουνεχῶς, 34; ὀρθῶς, Luk_10:28; πρός τί, Mat_27:14. b. with the accusative: λόγον, Mat_22:46; οὐδέν, Mat_27:12; Mar_14:61; Mar_15:4 f. c. with the dative etc.: ἑνί ἑκάστῳ, Col_4:6; together with the words which the answerer uses, Joh_5:7; Joh_5:11; Joh_6:7; Joh_6:68, etc.; the dative omitted: Joh_7:46; Joh_8:19; Joh_8:49, etc. πρός τινα, Act_25:16. joined with φάναι, or λέγειν, or εἰπεῖν, in the form of a participle, as ἀποκριθείς εἶπε or ἔφη or λέγει: Mat_4:4; Mat_8:8; Mat_15:13; Luk_9:19; Luk_13:2; Mar_10:3, etc.; or ἀπεκρίθη λέγων: Mat_25:9; Mat_25:37; Mat_25:44; Luk_4:4 (R G L); (R G Tr marginal reading brackets); Joh_1:26; Joh_10:33 (Rec.); . But John far more frequently says ἀπεκρίθη καί εἶπε: Joh_1:48 (); (R G), , etc. d. followed by the infinitive: Luk_20:7; followed by the accusative with infinitive: Act_25:4; followed by ὅτι: Act_25:16. 2. In imitation of the Hebrew ςΘπΘδ (Gesenius, Thesaurus ii., p. 1047) to begin to speak, but always where something has preceded (either said or done) to which the remarks refer (Winer's Grammar, 19): Mat_11:25; Mat_12:38; Mat_15:15; Mat_17:4; Mat_22:1; Mat_28:5; Mar_9:5 ( T Tr WH); ; Luk_14:3; Joh_2:18; Joh_5:17; Act_3:12; Rev_7:13. (the Sept. (Deu_26:5); Isa_14:10; Zec_1:10; Zec_3:4, etc.; 1Ma_2:17 1Ma_8:19; 2Ma_15:14.) (Compare: ἀνταποκρίνομαι.)

ἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai 231x to answer, Mat_3:15 ; in NT to respond to certain present circumstances, to avow, Mat_11:25 answer; reply.

ἀπό -κρίνω , [in LXX chiefly for H6030 ;] in cl ., 1. to separate, dis\-tinguish. 2. to choose. Mid ., to answer: Mat_27:12 , Mar_14:61 , Luk_3:16 ; Luk_23:9 , Joh_5:17 ; Joh_5:19 , Act_3:12 . In late Gk . the pass . also is used in this sense, and pass . forms are the more freq . in NT ( M , Pr., 39, 161; MM , s.v. ); (a) in general sense: absol. , Mar_12:34 ; c . acc rei , Mat_22:46 ; c. dat. pers ., Mat_12:38 ; seq . πρός , Act_25:16 ; (b) Hebraistically (i) like H6030 , to begin to speak, take up the conversation (Kennedy, Sources, 124 f .): Mat_11:25 , a1., (ii) redundant, as in the Heb . phrase H559 H6030 ( Dalman, Words , 24 f ., 38; M , Pro_14:1-35 ; B1., § 58, 4; 74, 2; Cremer , 374): ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπε , Mat_4:4 ; ἔφη Mat_8:8 ; λέγει Mar_3:33 ; in John most freq . ἀπεκ . κ . εἶπε , Joh_1:49

ἀποκρίνομαι [page 64] Syll 928 .52 (Magnesia, early ii/B.C.) περὶ ταύ [της τῆς ] χώρας τῆς παρὰ Πριηνέων ἀποκεκριμένης οὔσης shows the old ἀποκρίνω in passive. For the combination of pf. partic. and ὤν , cf. Col_1:21 . In P Ryl II. 122 .11 (A.D. 127) εἰς τὸ κἀμὲ δύνασθαι ἀποκριθῆναι τῶι δημοσίωι , enabling me thus to fulfil my duties towards the Treasury (Edd.), we have an isolated ex. of the passive aor. not meaning answer. This latter, so overwhelmingly predominant in NT, is rather surprisingly uncommon in the non-literary Κοινή . Early inscriptional instances are Syll 328 .11 (B.C. 84) ἀπεκρίθ [ην κα ]λῶς [αὐτ ]όν [τε δεδω ]κέναι καὶ κτλ ., ib. 307 .61 (B.C. 150 47) ἔδοξεν . . . τούτοις φιλανθρώπως ἀποκριθῆναι , ib. 930 .54 (B.C. 112), same phrase : the last two are senatus consulta , starting in Latin. Similarly the dialectic Syll 654 .5 (? ii/B.C.) ἀποκριθῆμεν τοῖς πρεσβευταῖς διότι κτλ . Mayser, p. 379, pronounces it die eigentliche κοινή -form, but he only has five instances, P Par 34 .10 (B.C. 157), 35 .30 (B.C. 163), 15 .35 (B.C. 120), P Leid U iii. 11 (ii/B.C.), and. P Grenf I. 37 .14 (B.C. 108 ἐκρίθη for ἀπεκρ .) : he cannot, however, quote any cases of ἀπεκρινάμην . On the other hand we cannot find any more instances of ἀπεκρίθην from later papyri, except P Lond 121 .330 (iii/A.D.) (= I. p. 95), and two Christian documents, P Grenf II. 112 .20 (a Festal Epistle, A.D. 577 ?) and PSI 26 .1 (see Addenda) (v/A.D. acts of a martyrdom). Since MGr ἀποκρίθηκα shows that it lived on, its disappearance in the post-Ptolemaic period outside NT is hard to explain. It is not, however, replaced by ἀπεκρινάμην , as to which subsequent information has antiquated the statement in Proleg. p. 161 f. (corrected in Einleitung p. 254 n. .1 ). For the middle aorist occurs very often in papyri, but they are without exception legal reports, in which ἀπεκρείνατο (so usually also ptc. or inf.) means replied, of an advocate or a party in a suit. The references had better be appended : P Hib I. 31 .24 ( c. B.C. 270) . . . ἀ ]π̣εκρίνᾳ [το . . . , no context, but the whole document proves its connotation), P Amh II. 66 .37 (A.D. 124), P Catt i. 22 (= Chrest. II. p. 419) (ii/A.D.), P Oxy II. 237 vii. 25, .33 (A.D. 186), ib. III. 653 (A.D. 162 3), BGU I. 114 i. 22 (ii/A.D.), 136 .15 (A.D. 135), and 361 iii. 6, .12 (ii/A.D.), ib. II. 388 ii. 17, .30 (ii/iii A.D.), ib. III. 969 i. 16 (A.D. 142?), P Lips I. 32 .1, .5, .6 (iii/A.D.), ib. 33 ii. 15 and 36 .5 (iv/A.D.), Chrest. II. 78 .9 (p. 86, A.D. 376 8), P Thιad 14 .24 (iv/A.D.) δι᾽ ἑρμηνέ [ως ] ἀπεκρείναν [το (in a procθs verbal ), BGU III. 936 .13 (A.D. 426), PSI 52 .33 (vi/A.D.) and 61 .33 , 62 .24 (early vii/A.D.) all three πᾶσιν τοῖς πρὸς αὐτὸν (or ὴν ) ἐπιζητουμένοις ἀποκρίνασθαι . The only one that need be noted specially is P Giss I. 40 ii. 8 (A.D. 212), where Caracalla says ἵνα μή τις στενότε̣ρ̣ον παρερμηνεύσῃ τὴν χάριτά μου ἐκ τῶν ῥη [μά ]των το [ῦ ] προτέρου διατάγματος , ἐν ᾧ οὕτως ἀπεκριν [ά ]μην κτλ . This may represent rescripsi , but in any case we cannot miss the formal and weighty tone of the verb. We proceed to compare these facts with those of Biblical Greek. Thackeray tells us ( Gr. p. 239) that ἀπεκρίθην is employed throughout the LXX : the classical ἀπεκρινάμην in the few passages where it occurs seems to be chosen as suitable for solemn or poetical language. Such a passage as 3 Regn 2 .1 , the last charge of King David to his heir, might be compared with Caracalla s use of the form. The fairly clear use in the fragment of a law report from P Hib above tells us that the legal use was already possible at the time when the LXX was growing. So we may take its meaning throughout as being (1) uttered solemnly, (2) replied in a court of law. These two meanings cover all the NT passages : (1) accounts for Luk_3:16 , Joh_5:17 ; Joh_5:19 , Act_3:12 , (2) for Mat_27:12 , Mar_14:61 , Luk_23:9 , with Joh_5:11 ( ΰ *) not far away. With the absence of ἀπεκρίθην from the Pauline and other Epistles, and the Apocalypse except for one passage, we may compare the silence of the papyri after ii/B.C. We are inclined to suggest that the word belongs only to early Hellenistic, whence it was taken by the LXX translators to render a common Hebrew phrase, passing thence into the narrative parts of NT as a definite Septuagintalism. From the Gospels and Acts it passed into ecclesiastical diction (cf. Reinhold, p. 77), and so ultimately into MGr. The contrast between the two halves of the NT will thus be parallel with that noted above under ᾅδης .

ἀποκρίνω, ἀποκρίνομαι, [in LXX chiefly for ענה ;] in cl., __1. to separate, distinguish. __2. to choose. Mid., to answer: Mat.27:12, Mrk.14:61, Luk.3:16 23:9, Jhn.5:17, 19 Act.3:12. In late Gk. the pass, also is used in this sense, and pass. forms are the more frequently in NT (M, Pr., 39, 161; MM, see word); __(a) in general sense: absol., Mrk.12:34; with accusative of thing(s), Mat.22:46; with dative of person(s), Mat.12:38; before πρός, Act.25:16; __(b) Hebraistically __(i) like ענה, to begin to speak, take up the conversation (Kennedy, Sources, 124f.): Mat.11:25, al., __(ii) redundant, as in the Heb. phrase וַיַּעַן וַיּאֹמֶר (Dalman, Words, 24f., 38; M, Pr., 14; Bl., §58, 4; 74, 2; Cremer, 374): ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπε, Mat.4:4; ἔφη, 8:8; λέγει, Mrk.3:33; in Jo most frequently (ἀπεκ. κ. εἶπε, 1:49. ) (AS)