ἄρχω ; [fr. Hom. down]; to be first. 1. to be the first to do (anything), to begin, —a sense not found in the Grk. Bible. 2. to be chief, leader, ruler: twos [B. 169 (147) ], Mk. x. 42; Ro. xv. 12 (fr. Is. xi. 10). See ἄρχων. Mid., pres. ἄρχομαι ; fut. ἄρξομαι (once [twice], Lk. xiii. 26 [but not Tr mrg. WH mrg.; xxiii. 30]); 1 aor. ἠρξάμην; to begin, make a beginning: ἀπό twos, Acts x. 37 [B. 79 (69); ef. Matth. § 558]; 1 Pet. iv. 17; by brachylogy ἀρξάμενος ἀπό τινος ἕως τινός for, having begun from some person or thing (and continued or continuing) to some person or thing: Mt. xx.8; Jn. viii. 9 [i.e. Rec.]; Acts i. 22; ef. W. § 66, 1 c.; [B. 374 (320)]; ἀρξάμενον is used impers. and absol. a beginning being made, Lk. xxiv. 27 (so in Hadt. 3, 91; cf. W. 624 (580) ; [B. 374 sq. (321)]); carelessly, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωυσέως καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων προφητῶν διηρμήνευεν for, beginning from Moses he went through all the prophets, Lk. xxiv. 27; W. § 67, 2; [B. 374 (320 sq.)]. ὧν ἤρξατο ποιεῖν re καὶ διδάσκειν, ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας which he began and continued both to do and to teach, until ete., Acts i. 1 [W. § 66, 1 ¢.; B. u.s.]. ἔΑρχομαι is connected with an inf. and that so often, esp. in the historical books, that formerly most interpreters thought it constituted a periphrasis for the finite form of the verb standing in the inf., as ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν for ἐκήρυξε. But through the influence principally of Fritzsche (on Mt. p. 539 sq.), ef. W. § 65, 7 d., it is now conceded that the theory of a periphrasis of this kind was arash assumption, and that there is scarcely an example which cannot be reduced to one of the following classes : a. the idea of beginning has more or less weight or importance, so that it is brought out by a separate word : Mt. xi. 7 (the disciples of John having retired, Christ began to speak concerning John, which he did not do while they were present) ; Lk. iii. 8 (do not even begin to say; make not even an attempt to excuse yourselves) ; Lk. xv. 14 (the beginning of want followed hard upon the squandering of his goods) ; Lk. xxi. 28; 2Co. iii. 1; esp. when the beginning of an action is contrasted with its continuance or its repetition, Mk. vi. 7; viii. 31 (εἴ. ix. 31; x. 33 sq.); or with the end of it, Lk. xiv. 30 (opp. to ἐκτελέσαι) ; Jn. xiii. 5 (cf. 12). b. apy. denotes something as begun by some one, others following : Acts xxvii. 35 sq. [W. §65,7d.]. ο. dpy. indicates that a thing was but just begun when it was interrupted by something else: Mt. xii. 1 (they had begun to pluck ears of corn, but they were prevented from continuing by the interference of the Pharisees); Mt. xxvi. 22 (Jesus answered before all had finished), 74; Mk. ii. 23; iv. 1 (he had scarcely begun to teach, when a multitude gathered unto him); Mk. vi. 2; x. 41; Lk. v.21; xii. 45 sq.; xiii. 23; Acts xi. 15 (cf. x. 44); xviii. 26, and often. d. the action itself, instead of its beginning, might indeed have been mentioned; but in order that the more attention may be given to occurrences which seem to the writer to be of special importance, their initial stage, their beginning, is expressly pointed out: Mk. xiv. 65; Lk. xiv. 18; Acts ii. 4, ete. 6. apy. occurs in a sentence which has grown out of the blending of two statements: Mt. iv. 17; xvi. 21 (fr. ἀπὸ τότε ἐκήρυξε... . ἔδειξε, and τότε ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν ... δεικνύειν). The inf. is wanting when discoverable from the context: ἀρχόμενος, sc. to discharge the Messianic office, Lk. iii. 23 [W. 349 (828) ]; ἀρξάμενος sc. λέγειν, Acts xi. 4. [Comp.: ἐν(μαι), mpo-ev-(-par), ὑπ-, mpo-Um -dpxa. |

ἄρχω archō 86x

(1) pr. (act.) to be first; to rule, Mk. 10:42; Rom. 15:12 (2) mid. to begin, Mt. 4:17; to take commencement, Lk. 24:27; 1 Pet. 4:17

ἄρχω,

[in LXX for חלל, משׁל, etc.;]

to begin.

to rule (v. DCG, ii, 538b.): c. gen., Mk 10:42, Ro 15:12. Mid., to begin: seq. ἀπό, Mt 16:21 20:8, Lk 14:18 23:5 24:27, 47, Jo 8:9, Ac 1:22 8:35 10:37, I Pe 4:17; c. inf., an Aramaic pleonasm, Mk 1:45 2:23 5:17, Lk 3:8, al. (v. M, Pr., 14 f.; Dalman, Words, 27; MM, s.v.).

ἄρχομαι. For the participle in a quasi-adverbial position (see Proleg.® p. 240) cf. P Ryl 11. 156*8 (i/a-pD.) λιβὸς [δὲ] ὧν κεκλήρων[ται λιβὸς ἐπ᾽’ ἀπηλιώτην ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς λιβικῆς γωνίας τοῦ πύργου, ἐῤ. 1577 (A.D. 135) ἧς ἐστὶν cxowiopos [..-....- ἀ]ρχομένου νότου ε[ἰ]ς Blo]ppa, “its measurements are . . . beginning from south to north” etc., Sy// 5375 (iv B.C.) σκευοθήκην οἰκοδομῆσαι... ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ προπυλαίου. P Tebt 11. 526 (1i/A.D.) ἀπηλί(ιώτου) ἐχόμ(εναι) ἀρχόμί(εναι) ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ΤΤανκράτης (ἄρουραι) [ . ] Πρῖσκος (ἄρουραι) B (cited in Moulton, Ezn/ertung p. 287). In reply to a suggestion from one of us that the frequent abbreviation of this participle might have occasioned some of the grammatical confusion found in NT passages (Proleg. 182, 240), Dr A. 8. Hunt wrote (Sept. 1909) that ἀρχόμενος was ‘commonly abbreviated apX in land-survey lists, from Ptolemaic times downwards . . . So it was a stereotyped phrase which might have influenced Lk 2447: at any rate it is an ingenious suggestion.” The ordinary use of ἄρχομαι “begin” hardly needs illustrating. In P Giss I. 15° (ii/A.D.) τῆς ἄλλης ἀρχόμεθα we see it c. ρθη. : so P Tebt II. 4178 (iii/A.D.) πλὴν ἀρξόμεθα] τοῦ ἔργου. The familiar NT use ina quasi-auxiliary sense, by its significant absence from Paul and presence in

ἄρχομαι (archomai) — to rule/begin. ἄρχω, Epic dialect infinitive ἀρχέμεναι[Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect ἦρχον[Refs]; Doric dialect ἆρχον[Refs 5th c.BC+]: future ἄρξω[Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist ἦρξα, Epic dialect ἄρξα[Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect ἦρχα[Refs 1st c.AD+]:—middle, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; non-thematic participle ἄρχμενος[Refs 3rd c.BC+]: imperfect, [Refs 8th c.BC+]future ἄρξομαι (in middle sense, see below) [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Doric dialect ἀρξεῦμαι[Refs 3rd c.BC+]: aorist ἠρξάμην[Refs 8th c.BC+] —passive, perfect ἦργμαι only in middle sense, see below [Refs]: aorist ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι[Refs 5th c.BC+]:—to be first,

I. in Time, begin, make a beginning, active and middle (in [Refs 8th c.BC+]to be the aggressor, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin one's operations, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, [Refs]; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin one's speech, [Refs]

I.1. mostly with genitive, make a beginning of, ἄρχειν πολέμοιο[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, [Refs 5th c.BC+] — in middle in religious sense, = {ἀπάρχεσθαι}, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; but active, σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.2. with genitive, begin from or with.., ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ᾽ ἄρξομαι[Refs 8th c.BC+]; πόθεν ἄρξωμα; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀπό τινος frequently in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+] —ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀφ᾽ ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.3. with genitive of things et dative person, ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, [Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.4. with accusative, ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, [Refs 8th c.BC+] lead the way, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον[Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.5. of actions, σέο δ᾽ ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ[Refs 8th c.BC+]infinitive, τοῖσιν δ᾽ ἦρχ᾽ ἀγορεύειν among them, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with participle, of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων[Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.6. absolutely, ἄρχε take the lead! [Refs 8th c.BC+]: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ἄρχον, opposed to τὸ ἑπόμενον, [Refs 5th c.AD+]: participle ἀρχόμενος at first, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; at the beginning, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος[Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.7. Grammars, of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος[Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἡ ἄρχουσα (i.e. συλλαβή) [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

II. in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command,

II.1. mostly with genitive, rule, be leader of.., Βοιωτῶν[Refs 8th c.BC+]

II.2. less frequently with dative, ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα[Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ᾽ held command among them, [Refs 8th c.BC+]infinitive added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, [Refs 8th c.BC+]

II.3. absolutely, rule, ὅσον τό τ᾽ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα[Refs 4th c.BC+]; especially hold a magistracy, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; at Athens, etc., to be archon, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) [Refs]

II.4. passive, with future ἄρξομαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]:—to be ruled, governed, etc., ὑπό τινος[Refs 6th c.BC+]subjects, [Refs 5th c.BC+]