ἀφίημι; present 2 person singular ἀφείς (from the form ἀφέω, Rev_2:20 for Rec. ἐᾷς) (3 person plural ἀφίουσιν Rev_11:1-19 : Tdf. editions 2, 7, from a form ἀφιέω; cf. Buttmann, 48 (42)); imperfect 3 person singular ἤφιε, with the augment before the preposition, Mar_1:34; Mar_11:16, from the form ἀφίω; whence also present 1 person plural ἀφίομεν Luk_11:4 L T Tr WH for ἀφίεμεν Rec. and 3 person ἀφίουσιν Rev_11:9 L T Tr WH; (see WH's Appendix, p. 167); future ἀφήσω; 1 aorist ἀφῆκά, 2 person singular ἀφῆκες Rev_2:4 T Tr WH (cf. κοπιάω); 2 aorist imperative ἄφες, ἄφετε, subjunctive 3 person singular ἀφῇ, 2 person plural ἀφῆτε (infinitive ἀφεῖναι (Mat_23:23 L T Tr WH; Luk_5:21 L text T Tr WH)), participle ἀφείς, ἀφέντες; passive, present ἀφίεμαι (yet 3 person plural ἀφιονται Joh_20:23 WH marginal reading etc.; cf. ἀφίω above); perfect 3 person plural ἀφέωνται (a Doric form (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14, 3 a.; B 49 (42); Kühner, § 285, 4), Mat_9:2; Mat_9:5; Mar_2:5,(9) in both these Gospels L (except in Mark marginal reading) T Tr WH have restored the present 3 person plural ἀφίενταί; Luk_5:20; Luk_5:23; Luk_7:47 (48); Joh_20:23 L text T Tr text WH text; 1Jn_2:12); 1 aorist ἀφεθην; future ἀφεθήσομαι; cf. Winers Grammar, § 14, 3; Buttmann, 48 (42); (WHs Appendix, p. 167; Veitch, under the word ἵημι); (from ἀπό and ἵημι); (fr. Homer down); to send from (ἀπό) oneself; 1. to send away; a. to bid go away or depart: τούς ὄχλους, Mat_13:36 (others refer this to 3 below); τήν γυναῖκα, of a husband putting away his wife, 1Co_7:11-13 (Herodotus 5, 39; and a substantive, ἄφεσις, Plutarch, Pomp c. 42, 6). b. to send forth, yield up, emit: τό πνεῦμα, to expire, Mat_27:50 (τήν ψυχήν, Gen_35:18; Herodotus 4, 190 and often in other Greek writings (see πνεῦμα, 2)), φωνήν to utter a cry (emitterevocem, Livy 1, 58), Mar_15:37 (Gen_45:2 and often in Greek writings; (cf. Heinichen on Eusebius, h. e. 8, 14, 17)). c. to let go, let alone, let be; α. to disregard: Mat_15:14. β. to leave, not to discuss now, a topic, used of tethers, writers, speakers, etc.: Heb_6:1 (Euripides, Andr. 392; Theophrastus, char. praef. § 3; for other examples from Greek writings see Bleek on Heb. vol. 2:2, p. 144f) (others take the word in Hebrews, the passage cited as expressive of the duty of the readers, rather than the purpose of the writer; and consequently refer the passage to 3 below). γ. to omit, neglect: Mat_23:23 (Luk_11:42 R G); Mar_7:8; Rom_1:27. δ. to let go, give up, a debt, by not demanding it (opposed to κρατεῖν, Joh_20:23), i. e. to remit, forgive: τό δάνειον, Mat_18:27; τήν ὀφειλήν, Mat_18:32; τά ὀφειλήματα, Mat_6:12; τά παραπτώματα, Mat_6:14; Mar_11:25 f. (T Tr WH omit Mar_11:26); τάς ἁμαρτίας, τά ἁμαρτήματα, τάς ἀνομίας, Mat_9:2; Mat_9:5; Mat_12:31; Mar_2:5; Mar_2:7; Mar_3:28; Luke 5:20 f, 23 ; Rom_4:7 (from Psa_31:1 ()); 1Jn_1:9; Jas_5:15 (Isa_22:14; Isa_33:24, etc.); ἡ ἐπίνοια τῆς καρδίας, Act_8:22, (τήν αἰτίαν, Herodotus 6, 30; τά χρέα, Aelian v. h. 14, 24); absolutely, ἀφιέναι τίνι to forgive one: Mat_12:32; Mat_18:21; Mat_18:35; Mar_4:12; Luk_11:4; Luk_12:10; Luk_17:3; Luk_23:34 (L brackets WH reject the passage). e. to give up, keep no longer: τήν πρώτην ἀγάπην, Rev_2:4. 2. to permit, allow, not to hinder; a. followed by a present infinitive (Buttmann, 258 (222)): Mar_10:14; Luk_18:16 ἄφετε ἔρχεσθαι καί μή κωλύετε αὐτά, Mat_13:30; Mar_1:34; Joh_11:44; Joh_18:8. by the aorist infinitive: Mat_8:22; Mat_23:13 (14); Mar_5:37; Mar_7:12; Mar_7:27; Luk_8:51; Luk_9:60; Luk_12:39; Rev_11:9. b. without an infinitive: Mat_3:15 (ἄφες ἄρτι permit it just now). with an accusative of the person or thing permitted: Mat_3:15 τότε ἀφίησιν αὐτόν, Mar_5:19; Mar_11:6; Mar_14:6; Luk_13:8; Joh_12:7 R G; ; Act_5:38 (L T Tr WH; R G ἐάσατε); Rev_2:20 (Rec. ἐᾷς). c. ἀφίημι τίνι τί, to give up a thing to one: Mat_5:40 (ἄφες αὐτῷ καί τό ἱμάτιον). d. followed by ἵνα: Mar_11:16; Joh_12:7 L T Tr WH, a later construction, cf. Winers Grammar, § 44, 8; Buttmann, 238 (205). e. followed by the simple hortative subjunctive: Mat_7:4; Luk_6:42 (ἄφες ἐκβάλω); Mat_27:49; Mar_15:36 (ἄφετε ἴδωμεν); Epictetus diss. 1, 9, 15 ἄφες δειξωμεν, 3, 12, 15 ἄφες ἴδω. Cf. Buttmann, 209f (181f); Winer's Grammar, 285 (268). 3. to leave, go away from one; to depart from anyone, a. in order to go to another place: Mat_22:22; Mat_26:44; Mar_8:13 (Mat_16:4 καταλιπών); ; Joh_4:3; Joh_16:28. b. to depart from one whom one wishes to quit: Mat_4:11; so of diseases departing, ἀφῆκεν τινα ὁ πυρετός, Mat_8:15; Mar_1:31; Luk_4:39; Joh_4:52. c. to depart from one and leave him to himself, so that all mutual claims are abandoned: τόν πατέρα, Mat_4:22; Mar_1:20; Mat_18:12 (Luk_15:4 καταλείπει). Thus also ἀφιέναι τά ἑαυτοῦ to leave possessions, home, etc.: Mat_4:20; Mat_19:27; Mat_19:29; Mar_1:18; Mar_10:28; Luk_5:11; Luk_18:28 f. d. to desert one (wrongfully): Mat_26:56; Mar_14:50; Joh_10:12. e. to go away leaving something behind: Mat_5:24; Joh_4:28. f. to leave one by not taking him as a companion: opposed to παραλαμβάνειν, Mat_24:40 f: Luk_17:34 f. g. to leave on dying, leave behind one: τέκνα, γυναῖκα, Mat_22:25; Mar_12:20; Mar_12:22 (Luk_20:31 καταλείπω). h. to leave so that what is left may remain, leave remaining: οὐ μή ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπί λίθον (or λίθῳ), Mat_24:2; Mar_13:2; Luke 21:6 . 1 :ἀφιέναι followed by the accusative of a noun or pronoun with an accusative of the predicate (Buttmann, § 144, 18): Luk_10:30 (ἡμιθανῆ); Joh_14:18 (τινα ὀρθανον); Mat_23:38; Luk_13:35 (but Lachmann omits ἔρημος in both passages, WH text omits in Matthew, G T Tr WH omit in Luke; that being omitted, ἀφιέναι means to abandon, to leave destitute of God's help); Act_14:17 (ἀμάρτυρον ἑαυτόν (L T Tr αὐτόν (WH αὑτόν which see))).

ἀφίημι aphiēmi 143x to send away , dismiss, suffer to depart; to emit, send forth; τὴν φωνήν , the voice, to cry out, utter an exclamation, Mar_15:37 ; τὸ πνεῦμα , the spirit, to expire, Mat_27:50 ; to omit, pass over or by; to let alone, care not for, Mat_15:14 ; Mat_23:23 ; Heb_6:1 ; to permit, s uffer, let, forbid not; to give up, yield, resign, Mat_5:40 ; to remit, forgive, pardon; to relax, suffer to become less intense, Rev_2:4 ; to leave, depart from; to desert, forsake; to leave remaining or alone; to leave behind, i.e. at one s death, Mar_12:19-22 ; Joh_14:27 divorce; forgive; leave.

ἀφ -ίημι , [in LXX for H5375 , H5117 hi ., H5414 , H5545 ni ., H5800 , etc.;] 1. to send forth, send away, let go: of divorce ( DB , iii, 2748), τ . γυναῖκα ( Hdt .), 1Co_7:11-13 ; of death, τ . πνεῦμα ( Gen_35:18 , Hdt ., al. ), Mat_27:50 ; φωνήν , to utter a cry , Mar_15:37 ; of debts, to remit, forgive ( cl .), τ . δανεῖον , Mat_18:27 ; τ . ὀφειλήν , Mat_18:32 ; esp . of sins ( Cremer 296 f .), τ . ἁμαρτίας , ἁμαρτήματα , ἀνομίας , Mat_9:2 , Rom_4:7 (LXX) , 1Jn_1:9 , al. ; punctiliar and iterative prey. ( M , Pr., 119), Mar_2:5 , Luk_11:4 ; Ion . pf ., ἀφέωνται ( M , Pr., 38), Luk_5:23 . 2. to leave alone, leave, neglect: Mat_4:11 ; Mat_5:24 ; Mat_15:14 Mar_1:20 ; Mar_1:31 Joh_4:3 ; Joh_4:28 , al. ; τ . ἐντολὴν τ . θεοῦ , Mar_7:8 ; τὸν τ . ἀρχῆς τ . Χριστοῦ λόγον , Heb_6:1 ; τ . ὀγάπην τ . πρώτην , Rev_2:4 ; ptcp ., ἀφείς , pleonastic (as in Aram.; M , Pro_14:1-35 ; Dalman, Words , 21 f .), Mat_13:36 ; Mat_22:22 , Mar_8:13 , al. 3. to let, suffer, permit: Mat_3:15 ; c . acc , Mat_3:15 ; Mat_19:14 , al. ; c . acc rei et dat . pers ., Mat_5:40 ; c . inf . pres., Mat_23:14 , al. ; aor. , Mar_5:37 , al. ; in late Gk . ( M , Pr., 175 f .), seq . ἵνα , Mar_11:16 , Joh_12:7 ; c . subjunct. ( M , Pr., l.c .; Bl. § 64, 2), Mat_7:4 ; Mat_27:49 , Mar_15:36 , Luk_6:42 (see further MM , s.v. ).

ἀφίημι [page 97] Some abnormal NT forms of this very irregular verb may be illustrated : cf. Moulton, Einleitung , p. 82 f. The unaugmented aor. pass. ἀφέθησαν in Rom_4:7 (from LXX Psa. 31꞉ 1 [MT Psa_31:1 ] where ΰ has ἀφείθησαν ) is matched by OGIS 435 .9 (ii/B.C.) ἀφέθη ; but BGU IV. 1022 .8 (A.D. 196) ἀφθείθημεν ( i.e. ἀφείθ .). Ἀφέωνται is to be compared with the imper. ἀφεώσθω in Michel 585 .14 (Arcadian ? iii/B.C.), as well as with the Herodotean ἀνέωται : see Proleg. p. 38 n. Against this note imper. ἀφείσθω in CPHerm 119 verso iii. 14 (Gallienus). The pres. ἀφεῖς in Rev_2:20 and Ex 32 .82 is best taken as a regular contraction of ἀφίεις , from ἀφίω (not a contract verb), which is the normal conjugation into which the μι verb tends here to merge itself : evidence for ἀφιέω seems to be wanting. The assumption of an ἀφέω , formed by proportion from ἀφήσω , is insufficiently supported by the barbarous Silco inscr., OGIS 201 .13 (vi/A.D.). The MGr is ἀφήνω , with aor. ἄφησα and ἀφῆκα Proleg. p. 175, may be referred to for the quasi-auxiliary use of ἄφες , MGr ἄς . We may quote P Amh II. 37 .10 (B.C. 172) ἄφες αὐτὸν χαίρειν , P Hib I. 41 .6 ( c. B.C. 261) ὰ̣ϕ̣[ε ]ς̣ αὐτὸν εἰσαγαγεῖν allow him to collect (Edd.); but P Oxy III. 413 .184 α̣͗φες ἐγὼ αὐτὴν θρηνήσω (literary, i/A.D.). The Latin sine , sinite videamus in Mat_27:49 and Mar_15:36 severally, may well mean Let us see, as Pallis renders it (ἂς δοῦμε ) in both cases, only differing in the speakers. The verb has not yet become a mere auxiliary : it may still be rendered allow me to, etc. For the same use in another part of the verb cf. P Oxy VII. 1067 .5 (iii/A.D.) ἀφῆκες αὐτὸν μὴ κηδεῦσαι αὐτόν , you have allowed his burial to be neglected (Ed.). So, with infin. again, in P Par 47 .14 ( c. B.C. 153) (= Witkowski .2 , p. 89) ὅτι περάσεται ὁ δ̣ραπέ [τη ]ς μὴ ἀφῖναι ἡμᾶς ἐ̣[πὶ τ ]ῶν τόπων ἶναι . The uses of ἀφίημι start from the etymological sense throw seen in the cognate abicio. Thus in Syll 356 .26 (B.C. 6) ἀφεῖναι τὴν γάστραν = let the pot drop. From this primitive physical meaning may be derived the common meaning leave, let go. So with dat. (as in Mat_5:40 ) P Tebt II. 421 .9 (iii/A.D.) θέλις αὐτὸν ἀφεῖναι τῇ θυγατρί σ [ου ] ἄφες if you wish to let your daughter have it, do so (Edd.). P Grenf I. 26 .9 (B.C. 113) τὴν δὲ ἡμιολίαν ἀφῆκ e , waived the extra 50%, will serve as an ex. of the use seen in Mat_18:27 , which leads to the general idea of forgiveness. Similarly in OGIS 90 .12 (Rosetta stone B.C. 196) εἰς τέλος ἀφῆκεν , of the total remission of certain taxes. (See for the NT usage of the word in this sense Brooke Joh. Epp. p. 20 f.) Not far from this is the use seen in P Oxy IV. 744 .10 (B.C. 1) (= Selections, p. 33) ἐὰν . . τέκῃς , ἐὰν ᾗν ἄρσενον ἄφες , ἐὰν ᾗν θήλεα ἔκβαλε , if it is a boy, let it be; if a girl, expose it. To let alone may mean neglect or leave undone, as BGU III. 775 .18 (ii/A.D.) τὰ ἤδη προ̣λημαὶ ἄφες ἄχρ̣ης ἄν γένομε ἐκῖ καὶ συνάρωμεν λόγον leave the preparations (?) till I get there and we can confer together, or again as in P Lond 144 .14 (? i/A.D.) (= II. p. 253) μὴ ἀφεῖναί με ἐπὶ ξένης ἀδιαφορηθῆναι , not to leave me to be neglected in a strange land. It has an explanatory clause in a letter of Hadrian s age, P Oxy X.1293 .18 μὴ θελήσῃ τις ἀφεῖναι μέρος μὴ ἐνένκας , lest one of them should want to leave part behind and not bring it (Edd.). BGU III. 814 (iii/A.D.), a very ungrammatical complaint from a son to his mother, three times shows the verb meaning abandon, desert, with an irregular dative object : .16 ἀφ [ῆ ]κ̣[έ [ς ] μοι οὕ ]τως μηδὲν ἔχων (for ἔχοντι ), .18 ἀφῆκές [μοι οὕ ]τ̣ω̣ς ] ὡ̣ς κ̣υ̣ων̣ (for κυνί ), .27 μὴ ἀφήσις μοι οὕτος . So in the Erotic Fragment, P Grenf I. 1 .16 (literary, ii/B.C.) κύριε , μή μ᾽ ἀφῆις an appeal from a forsaken girl to her lover. P Lille 29 ii. 32 (iii/B.C.) ἀφεῖσθα [ι τῆς κατα ]δίκης will illustrate its use with a gen. of releasing from : so P Oxy VIII.1119 .17 (A.D. 254) ὑμεῖς οἱ κράτιστοι οὐ μόνον ἀφίεται [ἡμᾶς πασῶν παρ᾽ ἄλλοις ἀρχῶν ] the suppl. seems sure. P Petr II. 13 (19) .7 f. (middle of iii/B.C.) (= Witkowski Epp. .2 , p. 19) μάλιστα μὲν οὖν τὴν πᾶσαν σπουδὴν πόησαι [το ]ῦ ἀφεθῆναι σε διὰ τέλους , above all things, then, make every effort to be finally relieved of your duties (Ed.). Witkowski ( in loc. ) says ἀφιέναι is vox sollemnis de missione militum. It may be that a similar formal dismissal or sending away of the multitudes is to be found in Mat_13:36 Mar_4:36 ; but it may just as well mean simply let go, as in ordinary colloquial speech. The equivalence of the Latin mittere is seen in the compound, P Ryl II. 126 .14 (A.D. 28 9) ἐπαφεὶς τὰ ἑατοῦ πρόβατα καὶ βοικὰ κτήνη εἰς ἅ γεωργῶ . . ἐδάφ (η ) let his sheep and cattle into . . fields which I cultivate (Ed.) : cf. liquidis immisi fontibus apros in Vergil ( Ecl. 2 .59 ). Finally, for the use of ἀφιέναι with a predicative adj. placed with the object, cf. P Fay 112 .13 (A.D. 99) ἀθέρις ( sc. στον ) αὐτὸν ἕως σήμερον ἀφῖκας , up to to-day you have left it unharvested (Edd.), P Oxy III. 494 .5 (A.D. 156) ἐλεύθερα ἀφίημι . . δοῦλά μου σώματα , of manumission under a Will. [Supplemental from 1930 edition] For form ἄφιε , see P Oxy XIV. 1758 .12 (ii/A.D.), note.

ἀφίημι [Etym: ι short in epic, except in augm. tenses: ι_ attic] "to send forth, discharge", Lat. emittere, of missiles, Hom. , etc.:—hence "to let loose, utter, give vent to" words, Hdt. , Trag. "to let fall", Il. "to send forth" an expedition, "dispatch" it, Hdt. : Pass., of troops, id=Hdt. "to give up or hand over to", τινι τί id=Hdt. , attic:—Pass., ἡ Ἀττικὴ ἀπεῖτο ἤδη Hdt. "to send away, let go, loose, set free", Il. , attic:—c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, "to set free from" a thing, "let off from", Hdt. : in legal sense "to release from" an engagement, accusation, etc., ἀφ. τινὰ φόνου Dem. "to dissolve, disband, break up" an army, Hdt. :— "to dismiss" the council or law-courts, Ar. "to put away, divorce", Hdt. "to let go as an ἄφετος, consecrate", Xen. of things, "to get rid of", δίψαν Il. ; "to shed" its blossoms, of plants, Od. ; "to slacken" its force, of a dart, Il. ἀφ. πλοῖον ἐς . . "to loose" ship for a place, Hdt. in legal sense, c. dat. pers. et acc. rei, ἀφ. τινὶ αἰτίην "to remit" him a charge or a fine, Hdt. , Dem. "to leave alone, give up, let pass, neglect", Hdt. , attic; foll. by a predicate, ἀφύλακτον ἀφ. "to leave" unguarded. c. acc. et inf., ἀφ. τι δημόσιον εἶναι "to give up to be" public property, Thuc. ; ἀφ. τὸ πλοῖον φέρεσθαι "to let" the boat be carried away, Hdt. c. acc. pers. et inf. "to let, suffer, permit" one to do a thing, id=Hdt. , Plat. , etc. seemingly intr. (sub. στρατόν, ναῦς, etc.), "to break up, march, sail", etc., Hdt. Mid. "to send forth from oneself, send forth", attic δειρῆς ἀφίετο πήχεε "she loosed her" arms from off "my" neck. c. gen. only, τέκνων ἀφοῦ "let go hold of" the children, Soph. , Thuc.

ἀφ-ίημι, [in LXX for נשׂא, נוח hi., נתן, סלח ni., עזב, etc. ;] __1. to send forth, send away, let go: of divorce (DB, iii, 274a), τ. γυναῖκα (Hdt.), 1Co.7:11-13; of death, τ. πνεῦμα (Gen.35:18, Hdt., al.), Mat.27:50; (φωνήν, to utter a cry, Mrk.15:37; of debts, to remit, forgive (cl.), τ. δανεῖον, Mat.18:27; τ. ὀφειλήν, Mat.18:32; esp. of sins (Cremer 296f.), τ. ἁμαρτίας, ἁμαρτήματα, ἀνομίας, Mat.9:2, Rom.4:7" (LXX), 1Jn.1:9, al.; punctiliar and iterative present (M, Pr., 119), Mrk.2:5, Luk.11:4; Ion. pf., ἀφέωνται (M, Pr., 38), Luk.5:23. __2. to leave alone, leave, neglect: Mat.4:11 5:24 15:14, Mrk.1:20, 31 Jhn.4:3, 28 al.; τ. ἐντολὴν τ. θεοῦ, Mrk.7:8; τον̀ τ. ἀρχῆς τ. Χριστοῦ λόγον, Heb.6:1; τ. ἀγάπην τ. πρώτην, Rev.2:4; ptcp., ἀφείς, pleonastic (as in Aram.; M, Pr., 14; Dalman, Words, 21f.), Mat.13:36 22:22, Mrk.8:13, al. __3. to let, suffer, permit: Mat.3:15; with accusative, Mat.3:15, 19:14, al.; with accusative of thing(s) and dative of person(s), Mat.5:40; with inf. pres., Mat.23:14, al.; aor., Mrk.5:37, al.; in late Gk. (M, Pr., 175f.), before ἵνα, Mrk.11:16, Jhn.12:7; with subjunct. (M, Pr., l.with; Bl., §64, 2), Mat.7:4 27:49, Mrk.15:36, Luk.6:42 (see further MM, see word). (AS)