1 Chronicles 10:9
1 Chronicles 10:9 in Multiple Translations
They stripped Saul, cut off his head, took his armor, and sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines to proclaim the news in the temple of their idols and among their people.
And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people.
And they stripped him, and took his head, and his armor, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry the tidings unto their idols, and to the people.
And they took everything off him, and took his head and his war-dress, and sent word into the land of the Philistines round about to give the news to their gods and to the people.
They stripped him, cut off his head, and took his armor. Then they sent the news throughout the land of Philistia, to their idols and their people.
And when they had stript him, they tooke his head and his armour, and sent them into the land of the Philistims round about, to publish it vnto their idoles, and to the people.
and strip him, and bear away his head, and his weapons, and send into the land of the Philistines round about to proclaim tidings [to] their idols and the people,
They stripped him and took his head and his armor, then sent into the land of the Philistines all around to carry the news to their idols and to the people.
And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armor, and sent into the land of the Philistines around, to carry tidings to their idols, and to the people.
And when they had stripped him, and cut off his head, and taken away his armour, they sent it into their land, to be carried about, and shewn in the temples of the idols and to the people.
They took the clothes off Saul’s corpse and cut off his head and took it and Saul’s armor.
Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Chronicles 10:9
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
1 Chronicles 10:9 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יַּ֨פְשִׁיטֻ֔/הוּ
וַ/יִּשְׂא֥וּ
אֶת
רֹאשׁ֖/וֹ
וְ/אֶת
כֵּלָ֑י/ו
וַ/יְשַׁלְּח֨וּ
בְ/אֶֽרֶץ
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים
סָבִ֗יב
לְ/בַשֵּׂ֛ר
אֶת
עֲצַבֵּי/הֶ֖ם
וְ/אֶת
הָ/עָֽם
וַ/יַּ֨פְשִׁיטֻ֔/הוּ
pâshaṭ
H6584
to strip
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3mp | Suff
וַ/יִּשְׂא֥וּ
nâsâʼ
H5375
to lift
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
רֹאשׁ֖/וֹ
rôʼsh
H7218
head
N-ms | Suff
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
כֵּלָ֑י/ו
kᵉlîy
H3627
article/utensil
N-mp | Suff
וַ/יְשַׁלְּח֨וּ
shâlach
H7971
to send
Conj | V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3mp
בְ/אֶֽרֶץ
ʼerets
H776
land
Prep | N-cs
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
Philistines
Ngmpa
סָבִ֗יב
çâbîyb
H5439
around
N-cs
לְ/בַשֵּׂ֛ר
bâsar
H1319
to bear tidings
Prep | V-Piel-Inf-a
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
עֲצַבֵּי/הֶ֖ם
ʻâtsâb
H6091
idol
N-mp | Suff
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
הָ/עָֽם
ʻam
H5971
Amaw
Art | N-ms
Hebrew Word Study
Select any word above to explore its original meaning, root, and usage across Scripture.
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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Chronicles 10:9
וַ/יַּ֨פְשִׁיטֻ֔/הוּ
pâshaṭ
H6584
"to strip"
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3mp | Suff
This Hebrew word means to strip or remove something, like taking off clothes or plundering a place. It is used in Exodus 22:26 to describe taking a pledge from someone. The word implies a sense of removal or deprivation.
Definition: 1) to strip, invade, strip off, make a dash, raid, spread out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to strip off, put off 1a2) to put off (one's shelter), make a dash 1b) (Piel) to strip 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to strip of 1c2) to strip off 1c3) to flay 1d) (Hithpael) to strip oneself of
Usage: Occurs in 42 OT verses. KJV: fall upon, flay, invade, make an invasion, pull off, put off, make a road, run upon, rush, set, spoil, spread selves (abroad), strip (off, self). See also: Genesis 37:23; 1 Chronicles 14:9; Isaiah 32:11.
וַ/יִּשְׂא֥וּ
nâsâʼ
H5375
"to lift"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to lift or raise something, and it's used in many ways, like lifting a burden or raising someone's status. It appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah, often talking about God lifting people up. It's about supporting or carrying something or someone.
Definition: : raise/take_up 1) to lift, bear up, carry, take 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to lift, lift up 1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure 1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted 1b2) to lift oneself up, rise up 1b3) to be borne, be carried 1b4) to be taken away, be carried off, be swept away 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist 1c2) to desire, long (fig.) 1c3) to carry, bear continuously 1c4) to take, take away 1d) (Hithpael) to lift oneself up, exalt oneself 1e) (Hiphil) 1e1) to cause one to bear (iniquity) 1e2) to cause to bring, have brought
Usage: Occurs in 609 OT verses. KJV: accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable ([phrase] man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, [idiom] needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, [phrase] swear, take (away, up), [idiom] utterly, wear, yield. See also: Genesis 4:13; Numbers 4:2; 1 Samuel 14:3.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
רֹאשׁ֖/וֹ
rôʼsh
H7218
"head"
N-ms | Suff
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Definition: : head 1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning 1a) head (of man, animals) 1b) top, tip (of mountain) 1c) height (of stars) 1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest) 1e) head, front, beginning 1f) chief, choicest, best 1g) head, division, company, band 1h) sum
Usage: Occurs in 547 OT verses. KJV: band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company, end, [idiom] every (man), excellent, first, forefront, (be-)head, height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), [idiom] lead, [idiom] poor, principal, ruler, sum, top. See also: Genesis 2:10; Numbers 17:18; 2 Samuel 4:7.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
כֵּלָ֑י/ו
kᵉlîy
H3627
"article/utensil"
N-mp | Suff
This Hebrew word refers to any object or tool, like a utensil or a piece of furniture. It is used to describe a wide range of items, from musical instruments to weapons. It emphasizes the object's purpose or function.
Definition: 1) article, vessel, implement, utensil 1a) article, object (general) 1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel 1b1) implement (of hunting or war) 1b2) implement (of music) 1b3) implement, tool (of labour) 1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen) 1b5) utensils, furniture 1c) vessel, receptacle (general) 1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
Usage: Occurs in 276 OT verses. KJV: armour(-bearer), artillery, bag, carriage, [phrase] furnish, furniture, instrument, jewel, that is made of, [idiom] one from another, that which pertaineth, pot, [phrase] psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool, vessel, ware, weapon, [phrase] whatsoever. See also: Genesis 24:53; 1 Samuel 14:13; Ezra 8:26.
וַ/יְשַׁלְּח֨וּ
shâlach
H7971
"to send"
Conj | V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3mp
To send or depart is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which has various applications in the Bible. It can describe sending someone or something away, or letting something go.
Definition: : depart/send 1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to send 1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct 1a3) to send away 1a4) to let loose 1b) (Niphal) to be sent 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out 1c2) to let go, set free 1c3) to shoot forth (of branches) 1c4) to let down 1c5) to shoot 1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled 1e) (Hiphil) to send
Usage: Occurs in 790 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, [idiom] earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out). See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 9:27; Joshua 14:11.
בְ/אֶֽרֶץ
ʼerets
H776
"land"
Prep | N-cs
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Definition: : soil 1) land, earth 1a) earth 1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part) 1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven) 1a3) earth (inhabitants) 1b) land 1b1) country, territory 1b2) district, region 1b3) tribal territory 1b4) piece of ground 1b5) land of Canaan, Israel 1b6) inhabitants of land 1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world 1b8) city (-state) 1c) ground, surface of the earth 1c1) ground 1c2) soil 1d) (in phrases) 1d1) people of the land 1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance) 1d3) level or plain country 1d4) land of the living 1d5) end(s) of the earth 1e) (almost wholly late in usage) 1e1) lands, countries 1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
Usage: Occurs in 2190 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world. See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 18:18; Genesis 42:13.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
"Philistines"
Ngmpa
A Philistine is a person from the region of Philistia, which was inhabited by immigrants from other places. The Philistines were known for their conflicts with the Israelites, as recorded in the Bible. They were a distinct ethnic group.
Definition: Philistine = "immigrants" an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan Another name of ga.dol (גָּדוֹל "Great( Sea)" H1419J)
Usage: Occurs in 244 OT verses. KJV: Philistine. See also: Genesis 10:14; 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Chronicles 10:1.
סָבִ֗יב
çâbîyb
H5439
"around"
N-cs
This word describes something that surrounds or encompasses, like a circle or neighborhood, and can also mean around or about, as in on every side. It is used to describe physical locations and proximity. The KJV translates it as about or circuit.
Definition: : around/border subst 1) places round about, circuit, round about adv 2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about prep 3) in the circuit, from every side
Usage: Occurs in 282 OT verses. KJV: (place, round) about, circuit, compass, on every side. See also: Genesis 23:17; 1 Kings 7:24; Psalms 3:7.
לְ/בַשֵּׂ֛ר
bâsar
H1319
"to bear tidings"
Prep | V-Piel-Inf-a
Basar means to bear tidings or announce good news, often used to describe preaching or publishing glad news. It is used in the Bible to describe the spread of salvation or joyful messages.
Definition: 1) to bear news, bear tidings, publish, preach, show forth 1a) (Piel) 1a1) to gladden with good news 1a2) to bear news 1a3) to announce (salvation) as good news, preach 1b) (Hithpael) to receive good news
Usage: Occurs in 21 OT verses. KJV: messenger, preach, publish, shew forth, (bear, bring, carry, preach, good, tell good) tidings. See also: 1 Samuel 4:17; 1 Chronicles 16:23; Psalms 40:10.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
עֲצַבֵּי/הֶ֖ם
ʻâtsâb
H6091
"idol"
N-mp | Suff
This word is used to describe an idolatrous image, like the golden calf in Exodus 32. It emphasizes the physical object of worship, rather than the false god itself.
Definition: idol, image
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: idol, image. See also: 1 Samuel 31:9; Isaiah 10:11; Psalms 106:36.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
הָ/עָֽם
ʻam
H5971
"Amaw"
Art | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
Study Notes — 1 Chronicles 10:9
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- 1 Chronicles 10:9 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on 1 Chronicles 10:9
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 10:9
- Trapp's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 10:9
- Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 10:9
- Cambridge Bible on 1 Chronicles 10:9
- Sermons on 1 Chronicles 10:9
Context — The Philistines Possess the Towns
7When all the Israelites in the valley saw that the army had fled and that Saul and his sons had died, they abandoned their cities and ran away. So the Philistines came and occupied their cities.
8The next day, when the Philistines came to strip the dead, they found Saul and his sons fallen on Mount Gilboa.
9They stripped Saul, cut off his head, took his armor, and sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines to proclaim the news in the temple of their idols and among their people.
10They put his armor in the temple of their gods and hung his head in the temple of Dagon. 11When all the people of Jabesh-gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul,Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 5:23 | Instead, you have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven. The vessels from His house were brought to you, and as you drank wine from them with your nobles, wives, and concubines, you praised your gods of silver and gold, bronze and iron, wood and stone, which cannot see or hear or understand. But you have failed to glorify the God who holds in His hand your very breath and all your ways. |
| 2 | Judges 16:23–24 | Now the lords of the Philistines gathered together to offer a great sacrifice to their god Dagon. They rejoiced and said, “Our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hands.” And when the people saw him, they praised their god, saying: “Our god has delivered into our hands our enemy who destroyed our land and multiplied our dead.” |
| 3 | Matthew 14:11 | John’s head was brought in on a platter and presented to the girl, who carried it to her mother. |
| 4 | 1 Chronicles 10:4 | Then Saul said to his armor-bearer, “Draw your sword and run it through me, or these uncircumcised men will come and torture me!” But his armor-bearer was terrified and refused to do it. So Saul took his own sword and fell on it. |
| 5 | 2 Samuel 1:20 | Tell it not in Gath; proclaim it not in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, and the daughters of the uncircumcised exult. |
| 6 | 1 Samuel 31:9–10 | They cut off Saul’s head, stripped off his armor, and sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines to proclaim the news in the temples of their idols and among their people. They put his armor in the temple of the Ashtoreths and hung his body on the wall of Beth-shan. |
| 7 | Daniel 5:2–4 | Under the influence of the wine, Belshazzar gave orders to bring in the gold and silver vessels that Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken from the temple in Jerusalem, so that the king could drink from them, along with his nobles, his wives, and his concubines. Thus they brought in the gold vessels that had been taken from the temple, the house of God in Jerusalem, and the king drank from them, along with his nobles, his wives, and his concubines. As they drank the wine, they praised their gods of gold and silver, bronze and iron, wood and stone. |
1 Chronicles 10:9 Summary
This verse tells us that after Saul died, the Philistines took his head and armor as a trophy to celebrate their victory. They sent messengers to tell all the Philistines about their win, and they even put Saul's armor in their temple to brag about it. This shows how much the Philistines trusted in their own strength and their false idols, rather than the God of Israel, as seen in 1 Samuel 4:1-11. It's a reminder that when we trust in ourselves or other things instead of God, we can fall into pride and disobedience, but when we trust in Him, we can have true victory and glory, as promised in Psalm 20:7-8.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did the Philistines cut off Saul's head and take his armor?
The Philistines cut off Saul's head and took his armor as a trophy to celebrate their victory over the King of Israel, similar to how David cut off Goliath's head in 1 Samuel 17:51 to show God's power and glory.
What does this verse reveal about the Philistines' idolatry?
This verse shows that the Philistines were deeply entrenched in idolatry, as they sent messengers to proclaim the news in the temple of their idols, demonstrating their trust in false gods rather than the one true God of Israel, as seen in Exodus 20:3-5.
How does this event relate to the larger biblical narrative?
The death of Saul and the desecration of his body by the Philistines marks a significant turning point in the history of Israel, as it paves the way for David to become king, as prophesied in 1 Samuel 16:13, and ultimately leads to the establishment of the Davidic kingdom.
What can we learn from the Philistines' actions in this verse?
The Philistines' actions serve as a reminder of the consequences of pride and disobedience, as seen in Proverbs 16:18, and the importance of trusting in God's sovereignty, as expressed in Psalm 37:3-7.
Reflection Questions
- What does this verse reveal about the nature of human pride and the desire for power and recognition?
- How can we, as believers, learn from the mistakes of Saul and the Philistines, and trust in God's plan and provision instead of our own strength?
- In what ways can we, like the Philistines, be tempted to glorify ourselves and our accomplishments, rather than giving glory to God?
- How does this verse relate to the ongoing struggle between faith and idolatry in our own lives, and what can we do to ensure that we are trusting in the one true God?
Gill's Exposition on 1 Chronicles 10:9
[See comments on 1 Samuel 31:9]
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 10:9
And when all the men of Israel that were in the valley saw that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dwelt in them.
Trapp's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 10:9
1 Chronicles 10:9 And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people.Ver. 9. They took his head.] Heb., His brainpan; the seat of his understanding; wherein he had hammered so many evil devices against good David and others. To carry tidings.] Ad evangelizandum.
Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Chronicles 10:9
(9) And when they had stripped him.—Better, and they stripped him, and carried off his head, &c. Samuel, “and they cut off his head, and stripped his armour off.” With the phrase “carried off his head,” comp. Genesis 40:19, “Pharaoh will lift thy head from off thee,” where the same Hebrew verb is used (yissβ).And sent (Saul’s head and armour) to carry tidings unto their idols.—The verb bassηr is used of good and bad tidings, especially of the former, as in 2 Samuel 18:19-20. Unto their idols.—Samuel, “house of their idols.” But the LXX. reading there is the same as here, τοῖςεἰδώλοις. The expression of Samuel looks original, though it may have been copied by mistake from 1 Chronicles 10:10. Note the strictly local conception of deities implied in this act of the Philistines; as if their idols could neither see nor hear beyond their own temples. (Comp. 1 Kings 20:23; 1 Kings 20:28; Psalms 94:9.)
Cambridge Bible on 1 Chronicles 10:9
9. And when they had stripped him, they took] R.V. And they stripped him, and took. to carry tidings unto their idols] In Samuel, “to publish it in the house (or houses) of their idols”; cp. 1 Samuel 31:10. The news was published by the exhibition of trophies of the victory in the Philistine temples. The reading in Chron. is inferior.
Sermons on 1 Chronicles 10:9
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Weighed and Found Wanting by Chuck Smith | In this sermon, Daniel preaches to Belshazzar, the grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, about the consequences of pride and disobedience to God. He reminds Belshazzar of how Nebuchadnezzar |
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(Daniel) Daniel in the Lion's Den by Willie Mullan | In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the story of Daniel in the lion's den. He begins by discussing the prosperity of Daniel, who was chosen as one of the 120 princes over the k |
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An Immediate Call to Repent by Dan Biser | This sermon emphasizes the urgent need for repentance in the face of societal and church challenges, highlighting the prevalence of sin, evil, and the lack of urgency and true repe |
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Bible Survey - Daniel by Peter Hammond | Peter Hammond preaches on the life of Daniel, a wise and righteous prophet who remained faithful to God despite being exiled to Babylon. Daniel's integrity and courage in the face |
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Belshazzar's Feast and the Fall of Babylon by Arno Clemens Gaebelein | Arno Clemens Gaebelein delves into the historical account of Belshazzar's feast and the divine judgment that followed, showcasing the defiance and blasphemy against God that led to |
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(John the Baptist Comes to Town) - Part 3 - Sermon That Cost a Preacher His Head by Rolfe Barnard | In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the ministry of John the Baptist and the sermon that ultimately cost him his head. The sermon was about holiness, righteousness, and God's h |
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John Wesley's Explanatory Notes - Matthew 23 by John Wesley | John Wesley expounds on Matthew 23, where Jesus criticizes the Pharisees and scribes for their hypocrisy and failure to embody the true spirit of the law. He highlights their outwa |