2 Samuel 23:13
2 Samuel 23:13 in Multiple Translations
At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.
And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.
And three of the thirty chief men went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
And three of the thirty went down at the start of the grain-cutting, and they came to David at the strong place of Adullam; and the band of Philistines had taken up their position in the valley of Rephaim.
At harvest-time, the Three, who were part of the Thirty leading warriors, went down to meet David when he was at the cave of Adullam. The Philistine army was camped in the valley of Rephaim.
Afterward three of the thirtie captaines went downe, and came to Dauid in the haruest time vnto the caue of Adullam, and the hoste of the Philistims pitched in the valley of Rephaim.
And three of the thirty heads go down and come unto the harvest, unto David, unto the cave of Adullam, and the company of the Philistines are encamping in the valley of Rephaim,
Three of the thirty chief men went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
And three of the thirty chiefs went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
Moreover also before this the three who were princes among the thirty, went down and came to David in the harvest time into the cave of Odollam: and the camp of the Philistines was in the valley of the giants.
Altogether there were 30 special warriors among David’s soldiers. Once, when it was almost time to harvest the crops, three of those 30 men went down to Adullam Cave, where David was staying. A group of men from the Philistia army had set up their tents in Rephaim Valley near Jerusalem.
Berean Amplified Bible — 2 Samuel 23:13
BAB
Word Study
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2 Samuel 23:13 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יֵּרְד֨וּ
שלשים
שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה
מֵ/הַ/שְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים
רֹ֗אשׁ
וַ/יָּבֹ֤אוּ
אֶל
קָצִיר֙
אֶל
דָּוִ֔ד
אֶל
מְעָרַ֖ת
עֲדֻלָּ֑ם
וְ/חַיַּ֣ת
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים
חֹנָ֖ה
בְּ/עֵ֥מֶק
רְפָאִֽים
וַ/יֵּרְד֨וּ
yârad
H3381
to go down
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
שלשים
shᵉlôwshîym
H7970
thirty
Adj
שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה
shâlôwsh
H7969
three
Adj
מֵ/הַ/שְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים
shᵉlôwshîym
H7970
thirty
Prep | Art | Adj
רֹ֗אשׁ
rôʼsh
H7218
head
N-ms
וַ/יָּבֹ֤אוּ
bôwʼ
H935
Lebo
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
to(wards)
Prep
קָצִיר֙
qâtsîyr
H7105
harvest
N-ms
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
to(wards)
Prep
דָּוִ֔ד
Dâvid
H1732
David
N-proper
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
to(wards)
Prep
מְעָרַ֖ת
mᵉʻârâh
H4631
cave
N-fs
עֲדֻלָּ֑ם
ʻĂdullâm
H5725
Adullam
N-proper
וְ/חַיַּ֣ת
chay
H2416
alive
Conj | N-fs
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
Philistines
Ngmpa
חֹנָ֖ה
chânâh
H2583
to camp
V-Qal
בְּ/עֵ֥מֶק
ʻêmeq
H6010
valley
Prep | N-ms
רְפָאִֽים
râphâʼ
H7497
Rapha
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — 2 Samuel 23:13
וַ/יֵּרְד֨וּ
yârad
H3381
"to go down"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
To go down or descend, like going to a lower place or falling. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing people and things moving downwards.
Definition: 1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go or come down 1a2) to sink 1a3) to be prostrated 1a4) to come down (of revelation) 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to bring down 1b2) to send down 1b3) to take down 1b4) to lay prostrate 1b5) to let down 1c) (Hophal) 1c1) to be brought down 1c2) to be taken down
Usage: Occurs in 345 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take down. See also: Genesis 11:5; Judges 3:28; 2 Kings 1:15.
שלשים
shᵉlôwshîym
H7970
"thirty"
Adj
Thirty is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can also be used as an ordinal to describe something as thirtieth. It is used to count quantities in the Bible.
Definition: thirty, thirtieth Aramaic equivalent: te.la.tin (תְּלָתִין "thirty" H8533)
Usage: Occurs in 163 OT verses. KJV: thirty, thirtieth. Compare H7991 (שָׁלִישׁ). See also: Genesis 5:3; 1 Samuel 11:8; Jeremiah 38:10.
שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה
shâlôwsh
H7969
"three"
Adj
This Hebrew word means three or thrice, and is used to describe quantities or repetitions in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including three, third, and thirteen.
Definition: 1) three, triad 1a) 3, 300, third Aramaic equivalent: te.lat (תְּלָת "three" H8532)
Usage: Occurs in 381 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] fork, [phrase] often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, [phrase] thrice. Compare H7991 (שָׁלִישׁ). See also: Genesis 5:22; Joshua 1:11; 2 Kings 9:32.
מֵ/הַ/שְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים
shᵉlôwshîym
H7970
"thirty"
Prep | Art | Adj
Thirty is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can also be used as an ordinal to describe something as thirtieth. It is used to count quantities in the Bible.
Definition: thirty, thirtieth Aramaic equivalent: te.la.tin (תְּלָתִין "thirty" H8533)
Usage: Occurs in 163 OT verses. KJV: thirty, thirtieth. Compare H7991 (שָׁלִישׁ). See also: Genesis 5:3; 1 Samuel 11:8; Jeremiah 38:10.
רֹ֗אשׁ
rôʼsh
H7218
"head"
N-ms
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Definition: : head 1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning 1a) head (of man, animals) 1b) top, tip (of mountain) 1c) height (of stars) 1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest) 1e) head, front, beginning 1f) chief, choicest, best 1g) head, division, company, band 1h) sum
Usage: Occurs in 547 OT verses. KJV: band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company, end, [idiom] every (man), excellent, first, forefront, (be-)head, height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), [idiom] lead, [idiom] poor, principal, ruler, sum, top. See also: Genesis 2:10; Numbers 17:18; 2 Samuel 4:7.
וַ/יָּבֹ֤אוּ
bôwʼ
H935
"Lebo"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter
Usage: Occurs in 2307 OT verses. KJV: abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way. See also: Genesis 2:19; Genesis 32:7; Exodus 1:19.
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
"to(wards)"
Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
קָצִיר֙
qâtsîyr
H7105
"harvest"
N-ms
This word refers to the harvest or the time of harvest, as well as the reaper or the crop itself. It can also mean a limb or foliage of a tree, emphasizing the idea of growth and abundance. The concept of harvest is central to the biblical narrative, particularly in the book of Ruth.
Definition: 1) harvest, harvesting 1a) process of harvesting 1b) crop, what is harvested or reaped 1c) time of harvest
Usage: Occurs in 49 OT verses. KJV: bough, branch, harvest (man). See also: Genesis 8:22; Job 18:16; Psalms 80:12.
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
"to(wards)"
Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
דָּוִ֔ד
Dâvid
H1732
"David"
N-proper
David was the youngest son of Jesse and a king of Judah, first mentioned in Ruth 4:17, and an ancestor of Jesus.
Definition: A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17; son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I); brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339); father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N) Also named: Daueid, Dauid, Dabid (Δαυείδ, Δαυίδ, Δαβίδ "David" G1138) § David = "beloved" youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 912 OT verses. KJV: David. See also: Ruth 4:17; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Samuel 27:9.
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
"to(wards)"
Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
מְעָרַ֖ת
mᵉʻârâh
H4631
"cave"
N-fs
The Hebrew word for a cave or den, often used to describe a dark or hidden place. It can also refer to a hole or a hollowed-out space. In the Bible, it is used to describe natural landscapes and places of refuge or hiding.
Definition: cave, den, hole
Usage: Occurs in 36 OT verses. KJV: cave, den, hole. See also: Genesis 19:30; 1 Samuel 13:6; Psalms 57:1.
עֲדֻלָּ֑ם
ʻĂdullâm
H5725
"Adullam"
N-proper
Adullam was a town in Palestine, originally inhabited by Canaanites. It was allotted to the tribe of Judah and is notable as the site where David hid in a cave. Adullam's name means justice of the people.
Definition: Adullam = "justice of the people" a town of the Canaanites allotted to Judah and lying in the lowlands; site of the cave where David hid Also named: a.dul.la.mi (עֲדֻלָּמִי "Adullamite" H5726)
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: Adullam. See also: Joshua 12:15; 1 Chronicles 11:15; Micah 1:15.
וְ/חַיַּ֣ת
chay
H2416
"alive"
Conj | N-fs
In the Bible, this word means life or being alive. It can refer to physical life, like in Genesis 1:20, or spiritual life, like in Psalm 30:5.
Definition: adj 1) living, alive 1a) green (of vegetation) 1b) flowing, fresh (of water) 1c) lively, active (of man) 1d) reviving (of the springtime) Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)
Usage: Occurs in 450 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop. See also: Genesis 1:20; Deuteronomy 4:9; 2 Kings 5:16.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים
Pᵉlishtîy
H6430
"Philistines"
Ngmpa
A Philistine is a person from the region of Philistia, which was inhabited by immigrants from other places. The Philistines were known for their conflicts with the Israelites, as recorded in the Bible. They were a distinct ethnic group.
Definition: Philistine = "immigrants" an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan Another name of ga.dol (גָּדוֹל "Great( Sea)" H1419J)
Usage: Occurs in 244 OT verses. KJV: Philistine. See also: Genesis 10:14; 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Chronicles 10:1.
חֹנָ֖ה
chânâh
H2583
"to camp"
V-Qal
This Hebrew verb means to set up camp or pitch a tent, like when the Israelites encamped in the wilderness. It can also mean to lay siege against a city.
Definition: 1) to decline, incline, encamp, bend down, lay siege against 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to decline 1a2) to encamp
Usage: Occurs in 135 OT verses. KJV: abide (in tents), camp, dwell, encamp, grow to an end, lie, pitch (tent), rest in tent. See also: Genesis 26:17; Numbers 33:33; Psalms 27:3.
בְּ/עֵ֥מֶק
ʻêmeq
H6010
"valley"
Prep | N-ms
Describes a valley or lowland area, like the Valley of Elah where David fought Goliath.
Definition: valley, vale, lowland, open country
Usage: Occurs in 64 OT verses. KJV: dale, vale, valley (often used as a part of proper names). See also H1025 (בֵּית הָעֵמֶק). See also: Genesis 14:3; 2 Samuel 18:18; Psalms 60:8.
רְפָאִֽים
râphâʼ
H7497
"Rapha"
N-proper
The Raphaite were a group of giants, including Goliath, mentioned in 2 Samuel 21:16, who lived during the time of King David.
Definition: A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.21.16; father of: Goliath (H1555), Ishbi-benob (H3430), Saph (H5593), Lahmi (H3902), huge_man (H4060A); also translated "giant"; Also named: re.pha.im (רְפָאִים "Raphaite" H7497H) § giant, Rephah
Usage: Occurs in 24 OT verses. KJV: giant, Rapha, Rephaim(-s). See also H1051 (בֵּית רָפָא). See also: Genesis 14:5; 2 Samuel 5:22; Isaiah 17:5.
Study Notes — 2 Samuel 23:13
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- 2 Samuel 23:13 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Trapp's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Cambridge Bible on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Barnes' Notes on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Whedon's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
- Sermons on 2 Samuel 23:13
Context — David’s Mighty Men
11And after him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines had banded together near a field full of lentils, Israel’s troops fled from them.
12But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field, defended it, and struck down the Philistines. So the LORD brought about a great victory.
13At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.
14At that time David was in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was at Bethlehem. 15David longed for water and said, “Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!”Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 22:1 | So David left Gath and took refuge in the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and the rest of his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 5:18 | Now the Philistines had come and spread out in the Valley of Rephaim. |
| 3 | Joshua 12:15 | the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one; |
| 4 | Isaiah 17:5 | as the reaper gathers the standing grain and harvests the ears with his arm, as one gleans heads of grain in the Valley of Rephaim. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 14:9 | Now the Philistines had come and raided the Valley of Rephaim. |
| 6 | Joshua 15:35 | Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah, |
| 7 | 1 Chronicles 11:15–19 | Three of the thirty chief men went down to David, to the rock at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. At that time David was in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was at Bethlehem. David longed for water and said, “Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!” So the Three broke through the Philistine camp, drew water from the well at the gate of Bethlehem, and brought it back to David. But he refused to drink it; instead, he poured it out to the LORD, saying, “Far be it from me, my God, to do this! How can I drink the blood of these men who risked their lives?” Because they had brought it at the risk of their lives, David refused to drink it. Such were the exploits of the three mighty men. |
| 8 | 2 Samuel 5:22 | Once again the Philistines came up and spread out in the Valley of Rephaim. |
| 9 | Micah 1:15 | I will again bring a conqueror against you, O dweller of Mareshah. The glory of Israel will come to Adullam. |
2 Samuel 23:13 Summary
[This verse, 2 Samuel 23:13, tells us that three of David's brave warriors came to visit him at the cave of Adullam during harvest time, while the Philistines were nearby, waiting to attack. This shows that even in difficult times, God provides us with friends and allies who can support and encourage us, just like He provided David with his mighty men (as seen in 1 Samuel 22:2). It also reminds us that God is our rock and refuge, as seen in Psalm 18:2, and that we can trust Him to protect us from harm.]
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of the cave of Adullam in 2 Samuel 23:13?
The cave of Adullam was a place of refuge for David, as seen in 1 Samuel 22:1, and it represents a safe haven for those who are fleeing from their enemies, just like David was fleeing from King Saul.
Who were the thirty chief men mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:13?
The thirty chief men were a group of brave warriors who were part of David's mighty men, as listed in 2 Samuel 23:8-39, and they played a crucial role in David's battles against the Philistines.
What is the Valley of Rephaim, and why were the Philistines encamped there?
The Valley of Rephaim is a valley near Jerusalem, and it was a strategic location for the Philistines to encamp, as seen in 2 Samuel 5:18, in order to launch attacks against the Israelites.
What can we learn from the fact that the Philistines were encamped in the Valley of Rephaim at harvest time?
The fact that the Philistines were encamped in the Valley of Rephaim at harvest time suggests that they were trying to disrupt the Israelites' harvest and economy, as seen in Deuteronomy 20:6, and it highlights the ongoing struggle between the Israelites and the Philistines.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I can stand with those who are facing opposition, just like the three chief men stood with David in 2 Samuel 23:13?
- How can I trust God to provide for me in times of need, just like David trusted God to provide for him in the wilderness?
- What are some areas in my life where I need to take a stand against the enemy, just like Shammah took a stand against the Philistines in 2 Samuel 23:12?
- How can I be a source of encouragement and support to those who are facing difficult circumstances, just like the thirty chief men were a source of support to David?
Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 23:13
And three of the thirty chiefs went down,.... Or three that were chief of the thirty, superior to them; which some understand of the three before mentioned, so Josephus (w); and that having related
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 23:13
And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
Three of the thirty; either, 1. The three already named, as is generally supposed, because it is said of them, in the close of this history, , These things did these three mightiest. But in the Hebrew it is only these three mighty men, as the same words are rendered here, . Or rather, 2. The following three; for it is expressly said, both here, , and , that Abishai was chief, and therefore one of the three; and this three are plainly distinguished from the first three, . Unto the cave of Adullam; which was a strong place, where David had been before, , &c., and where he had now again fortified himself in the beginning of his reign, when the Philistines were too strong for him. In the valley of Rephaim; of which see above, @.
Trapp's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
2 Samuel 23:13 And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.Ver. 13. And three of the thirty chief.] Or, The three captains over the thirty; viz., those three afore mentioned. In the valley of Rephaim.] About the beginning of David’ s reign.
Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
(13) Three of the thirty.—For “three” the Hebrew text reads “thirty” by a manifest error, which is corrected in the margin. These are not the same three (since there is no definite article) with those just mentioned, but were another three more eminent than the rest of the thirty, two of them being, no doubt, Abishai and Benaiah (2 Samuel 23:18; 2 Samuel 23:23). “The thirty” seems to have been a common name for this band of heroes (comp. 2 Samuel 23:23-24, &c), who were perhaps originally exactly thirty, but whose number varied from time to time, being here given (2 Samuel 23:39) as thirty-seven. In the harvest time.—“The preposition does not mean in, and the reading in 1 Chronicles 11:15 ‘to the rock’ is perhaps the true one” (Kirkpatrick). On “the valley of Rephaim,” see Note on 2 Samuel 5:18.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
Verse 13. And three of the thirty] The word שלשים shalishim, which we translate thirty, probably signifies an office or particular description of men. Of these shalishim we have here thirty-seven, and it can scarcely be said with propriety that we have thirty-seven out of thirty; and besides, in the parallel place, 1 Chronicles 11:11-47, there are sixteen added. The captains over Pharaoh's chariots are termed שלשים shalishim, Exodus 14:7. The Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.] This is the same war which is spoken of 2 Samuel 5:17, &c.
Cambridge Bible on 2 Samuel 23:13
8–39. David’s Heroes and their exploits = 1 Chronicles 11:11-41 This section is placed in Chronicles after the account of David’s election as King of Israel and his capture of Zion, and is prefaced by the heading: “These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who shewed themselves strong with him in his kingdom with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the Lord concerning Israel.” The list therefore belongs, at any rate in substance, to the earlier part of David’s reign.
Barnes' Notes on 2 Samuel 23:13
The feat at Bethlehem by three of the thirty was the occasion of their being formed into a distinct triad; Abishai 2 Samuel 23:18, Benaiah 2 Samuel 23:20, and a third not named, were probably the three.
Whedon's Commentary on 2 Samuel 23:13
13. Three of the thirty chief — That is, of the thirty whose names are given in 2 Samuel 23:24-39.
Sermons on 2 Samuel 23:13
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Insights by William MacDonald | In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the verse 1 Peter 5:7, specifically the phrase "He careth for you." He begins by highlighting examples from the Old Testament where God show |
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(1 Samuel) God’s Idea of a Team by David Guzik | In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the story of David and the 400 men who gathered around him in distress, debt, and discontentment. He emphasizes that God calls and brings to |
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David's Flight From Saul by Chuck Smith | In this sermon, Pastor Chuck Smith encourages believers to take ventures in faith and make themselves available for God's work. He emphasizes the power of one person who is totally |
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A Lion in a Pit on a Snowy Day by Carter Conlon | In this sermon, the speaker reflects on the story of David and his men taking refuge in a cave. The speaker expresses a desire to know what exactly happened in that cave and sugges |
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(How to Understand the Kjv Bible) 35 Psalm 142 by Keith Simons | Keith Simons teaches on Psalm 142, emphasizing David's desperate prayer while hiding in the cave of Adullam from King Saul. He highlights how David cried out to the Lord, expressin |
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In the Lord's Army by Keith Keyser | Keith Keyser preaches on the parallels between the valiant warriors of Special Operations forces in modern armies and David's Mighty Men in Biblical times. He highlights how David |