Exodus 28:21

Exodus 28:21 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

The twelve stones are to correspond to the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.

King James Version KJV

And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes.

American Standard Version ASV

And the stones shall be according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names; like the engravings of a signet, every one according to his name, they shall be for the twelve tribes.

Bible in Basic English BBE

The jewels are to be twelve in number, for the names of the children of Israel; every jewel having the name of one of the twelve tribes cut on it as on a stamp.

Free Bible Version FBV

Each of the twelve stones will be engraved like a personal seal with the name of one of the twelve Israelite tribes and will represent them.

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

And the stones shall be according to the names of the children of Israel, twelue, according to their names, grauen as signets, euerye one after his name, and they shall bee for the twelue tribes.

Young's Literal Translation YLT

and the stones are according to the names of the sons of Israel, twelve, according to their names, openings of a signet, each by his name are they for the twelve tribes.

World English Bible WEB

The stones shall be according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names; like the engravings of a signet, everyone according to his name, they shall be for the twelve tribes.

Noah Webster Bible WBS

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

And they shall have the names of the children of Israel: with twelve names shall they be engraved, each stone with the name of one according to the twelve tribes.

Translation for Translators T4T

A gem-cutter should engrave on each of these twelve stones the name of one of the sons of Jacob. These names will represent the twelve Israeli tribes.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 28:21

BAB

Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Exodus 28:21 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB

HEB וְ֠/הָ/אֲבָנִים תִּֽהְיֶ֜יןָ עַל שְׁמֹ֧ת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה עַל שְׁמֹתָ֑/ם פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חוֹתָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל שְׁמ֔/וֹ תִּֽהְיֶ֕יןָ לִ/שְׁנֵ֥י עָשָׂ֖ר שָֽׁבֶט

וְ֠/הָ/אֲבָנִים ʼeben H68 stone Conj | Art | N-fp

תִּֽהְיֶ֜יןָ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Imperf-3fp

עַל ʻal H5921 upon Prep

שְׁמֹ֧ת shêm H8034 name N-mp

בְּנֵֽי bên H1121 son N-mp

יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 Israel N-proper

שְׁתֵּ֥ים shᵉnayim H8147 two Adj

עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה ʻâsâr H6240 ten Adj

עַל ʻal H5921 upon Prep

שְׁמֹתָ֑/ם shêm H8034 name N-mp | Suff

פִּתּוּחֵ֤י pittûwach H6603 engraving N-mp

חוֹתָם֙ chôwthâm H2368 signet N-ms

אִ֣ישׁ ʼîysh H376 man N-ms

עַל ʻal H5921 upon Prep

שְׁמ֔/וֹ shêm H8034 name N-ms | Suff

תִּֽהְיֶ֕יןָ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Imperf-3fp

לִ/שְׁנֵ֥י shᵉnayim H8147 two Prep | Adj

עָשָׂ֖ר ʻâsâr H6240 ten Adj

שָֽׁבֶט shêbeṭ H7626 tribe N-ms

Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 28:21

וְ֠/הָ/אֲבָנִים ʼeben H68 "stone" Conj | Art | N-fp

In the Bible, this word refers to a stone, which could be a rock, a weight, or even a precious gem. It is used to describe a variety of objects, from building materials to hailstones. The KJV translates it as stone or weight.

Definition: : weight 1) stone (large or small) 1a) common stone (in natural state) 1b) stone, as material 1b1) of tablets 1b2) marble, hewn stones 1c) precious stones, stones of fire 1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon 1e) weight 1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal 1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice 1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines 1i) (simile) 1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness 1i2) strength, firmness, solidity 1i3) commonness 1j) (metaph) 1j1) petrified with terror 1j2) perverse, hard heart

Usage: Occurs in 239 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s). See also: Genesis 2:12; 1 Samuel 6:15; Psalms 91:12.

תִּֽהְיֶ֜יןָ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Imperf-3fp

The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.

Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.

עַל ʻal H5921 "upon" Prep

This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.

Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)

Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.

שְׁמֹ֧ת shêm H8034 "name" N-mp

In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.

Definition: 1) name 1a) name 1b) reputation, fame, glory 1c) the Name (as designation of God) 1d) memorial, monument Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)

Usage: Occurs in 771 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report. See also: Genesis 2:11; Exodus 3:15; Deuteronomy 16:6.

בְּנֵֽי bên H1121 "son" N-mp

In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.

Definition: : child/son

Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.

יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 "Israel" N-proper

Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.

Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile

Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.

שְׁתֵּ֥ים shᵉnayim H8147 "two" Adj

The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.

Definition: 1) two 1a) two (the cardinal number) 1a1) two, both, double, twice 1b) second (the ordinal number) 1c) in combination with other numbers 1d) both (a dual number)

Usage: Occurs in 646 OT verses. KJV: both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two. See also: Genesis 1:16; Exodus 30:4; Numbers 13:23.

עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה ʻâsâr H6240 "ten" Adj

In Hebrew, this word means ten, and is used to form numbers like eleven or thirteen, as seen in Genesis 31:41. It is always used in combination with other numbers.

Definition: 1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers) 1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19

Usage: Occurs in 292 OT verses. KJV: (eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-, six-, thir-) teen(-th), [phrase] eleven(-th), [phrase] sixscore thousand, [phrase] twelve(-th). See also: Genesis 5:8; Joshua 21:7; 1 Chronicles 25:27.

עַל ʻal H5921 "upon" Prep

This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.

שְׁמֹתָ֑/ם shêm H8034 "name" N-mp | Suff

Definition: 1) name 1a) name 1b) reputation, fame, glory 1c) the Name (as designation of God) 1d) memorial, monument Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)

Usage: Occurs in 771 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report. See also: Genesis 2:11; Exodus 3:15; Deuteronomy 16:6.

פִּתּוּחֵ֤י pittûwach H6603 "engraving" N-mp

This Hebrew word means an engraving or carving, often referring to intricate designs cut into stone or wood, like the carvings in Solomon's temple.

Definition: engraving, carving

Usage: Occurs in 11 OT verses. KJV: carved (work) (are, en-) grave(-ing, -n). See also: Exodus 28:11; Exodus 39:30; Psalms 74:6.

חוֹתָם֙ chôwthâm H2368 "signet" N-ms

A signet or seal was a ring used to sign important documents, like a signature ring. It is mentioned in the Bible as a symbol of authority and ownership.

Definition: seal, signet, signet-ring

Usage: Occurs in 13 OT verses. KJV: seal, signet. See also: Genesis 38:18; Exodus 39:30; Jeremiah 22:24.

אִ֣ישׁ ʼîysh H376 "man" N-ms

The Hebrew word for man, referring to a male person or individual, is used in the Bible to describe humans in contrast to God or animals, as seen in Genesis and Psalms. It can also mean husband or servant. In the KJV, it is translated as man or male.

Definition: : man 1) man 1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female) 1b) husband 1c) human being, person (in contrast to God) 1d) servant 1e) mankind 1f) champion 1g) great man 2) whosoever 3) each (adjective)

Usage: Occurs in 1851 OT verses. KJV: also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare H802 (אִשָּׁה). See also: Genesis 2:23; Genesis 42:25; Exodus 32:23.

עַל ʻal H5921 "upon" Prep

This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.

שְׁמ֔/וֹ shêm H8034 "name" N-ms | Suff

Definition: 1) name 1a) name 1b) reputation, fame, glory 1c) the Name (as designation of God) 1d) memorial, monument Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)

Usage: Occurs in 771 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report. See also: Genesis 2:11; Exodus 3:15; Deuteronomy 16:6.

תִּֽהְיֶ֕יןָ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Imperf-3fp

The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.

לִ/שְׁנֵ֥י shᵉnayim H8147 "two" Prep | Adj

Definition: 1) two 1a) two (the cardinal number) 1a1) two, both, double, twice 1b) second (the ordinal number) 1c) in combination with other numbers 1d) both (a dual number)

עָשָׂ֖ר ʻâsâr H6240 "ten" Adj

In Hebrew, this word means ten, and is used to form numbers like eleven or thirteen, as seen in Genesis 31:41. It is always used in combination with other numbers.

Definition: 1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers) 1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19

שָֽׁבֶט shêbeṭ H7626 "tribe" N-ms

This word means a stick or staff, but also a clan or tribe, and can refer to a symbol of authority or a tool for punishing. It is used in the Bible to describe the rods used by shepherds or the scepters of kings.

Definition: : tribe 1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe 1a) rod, staff 1b) shaft (of spear, dart) 1c) club (of shepherd's implement) 1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority) 1e) clan, tribe

Usage: Occurs in 178 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] correction, dart, rod, sceptre, staff, tribe. See also: Genesis 49:10; 2 Samuel 24:2; Psalms 2:9.

Study Notes — Exodus 28:21

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context
Cross References
Exodus 28:21 Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflection Questions
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 28:21
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 28:21
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 28:21
Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 28:21
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 28:21
Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 28:21
Sermons on Exodus 28:21

Context — The Breastpiece

19in the third row a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; 20and in the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings.

21The twelve stones are to correspond to the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.

22For the breastpiece, make braided chains like cords of pure gold. 23You are also to make two gold rings and fasten them to the two corners of the breastpiece.

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	Revelation 21:12	The city had a great and high wall with twelve gates inscribed with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, and twelve angels at the gates.
2	Revelation 7:4–8	And I heard the number of those who were sealed, 144,000 from all the tribes of Israel: From the tribe of Judah 12,000 were sealed, from the tribe of Reuben 12,000, from the tribe of Gad 12,000, from the tribe of Asher 12,000, from the tribe of Naphtali 12,000, from the tribe of Manasseh 12,000, from the tribe of Simeon 12,000, from the tribe of Levi 12,000, from the tribe of Issachar 12,000, from the tribe of Zebulun 12,000, from the tribe of Joseph 12,000, and from the tribe of Benjamin 12,000.
3	1 Kings 18:31	And Elijah took twelve stones, one for each tribe of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the LORD had come and said, “Israel shall be your name.”
4	Luke 22:30	so that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom, and sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
5	James 1:1	James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, To the twelve tribes of the Dispersion: Greetings.

Exodus 28:21 Summary

[This verse is talking about the special stones that were put on the breastpiece of the high priest's garment, which represented the twelve tribes of Israel. Each stone had the name of one of the tribes engraved on it, like a seal, as a reminder that God knows and cares about each of His people individually, as seen in Psalm 139:13-16. The stones were a symbol of God's love and concern for His people, and they remind us that we are all part of a larger family, as described in Galatians 3:26-29. By wearing these stones, the high priest was showing that he represented all of God's people, and that he was responsible for praying for them and seeking God's guidance on their behalf.]

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the twelve stones on the breastpiece?

The twelve stones represent the twelve tribes of Israel, as stated in Exodus 28:21, and symbolize the unity and completeness of God's people, much like the twelve apostles in the New Testament, as seen in Matthew 10:2-4.

Why are the stones engraved like a seal with the name of each tribe?

The engraving of the stones with the name of each tribe signifies God's ownership and identification with each tribe, much like a seal signifies ownership or authority, as seen in Revelation 7:3-8 where the 144,000 are sealed with God's name.

How does this verse relate to the overall purpose of the breastpiece?

The breastpiece, with its twelve stones, was a part of the high priest's garments, as described in Exodus 28:1-5, and was used to symbolize the priest's role in representing the people before God, as seen in Exodus 28:29-30 where the priest is to bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart.

What can we learn from the specificity of the stones and their arrangement?

The specificity of the stones and their arrangement, as described in Exodus 28:15-20, teaches us about God's attention to detail and His desire for order and beauty in our lives, as seen in Psalm 19:1-6 where the heavens declare the glory of God.

Reflection Questions

What does it mean for me to be 'engraved' with God's name, and how can I reflect His character in my life?
In what ways can I, like the high priest, represent my community or family before God in prayer and intercession?
How can I, like the twelve stones, be a unique and vital part of the larger body of Christ, as described in 1 Corinthians 12:12-27?
What are some ways that I can symbolize my commitment to God and my identity as a child of God, as the stones symbolized the tribes' identity as God's people?

Gill's Exposition on Exodus 28:21

And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names,.... And just so many are reckoned up in the preceding verses, each of which had one or other of the

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 28:21

And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 28:21

i.e. According to the order of their birth, the first stone to the eldest, the second to the next, &c.

Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 28:21

(21) The stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel.—Rather, the stones shall be according to the names, &c.—twelve, neither more nor fewer. Every one with his name . . . —Rather, each stone, according to its name (i.e., the name engraved upon it), shall be (or, stand) for one of the twelve tribes.

Cambridge Bible on Exodus 28:21

17–21. Twelve precious stones, each engraved with the name of one of the tribes of Israel, to be arranged in gold settings in four rows of three each, and fastened in front of the pouch. The identity of several of the stones mentioned is very uncertain; for philology throws little or no light upon the meanings of the names, and the ancient Versions in several cases give inconsistent renderings, or renderings which are themselves of uncertain interpretation. The oldest interpretations of the names are those given by the LXX.; and in identifying these, much help is afforded by Theophrastus, On Stones [c. 300 b.c.), and notices in Pliny, H. N. See more fully Petrie, DB. iv. 619 ff., and esp. J. L. Myres, EB. iv. 4799 ff. The list is repeated in Exodus 39:10-13 : comp. also the lists in Ezekiel 28:13 (= the 1st, 2nd, and 4th rows here, the stones being however differently arranged) of stones in the ‘covering,’ or decorated garment, of the king of Tyre, and in Revelation 21:19 f. of the stones forming the foundations of the walls of the New Jerusalem (cf. Isaiah 54:11 f.; Tob 13:16 f.).

Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 28:21

21. Names… according to the twelve tribes — As the names on the two onyx stones were to be according to their birth, or generations, (Exodus 28:10,) this arrangement according to the tribes may denote a difference.

Sermons on Exodus 28:21

	Sermon	Description
	Lesser Known Characters 07 John-Telescopic Vision by Joseph Balsan	In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of believing in Jesus for salvation, as emphasized by the Gospel of John. He also discusses the four faces seen in a vision, w
	The New Heaven and the New Earth by John F. Walvoord	John F. Walvoord preaches about the vision of the new heaven and the new earth in Revelation 21, emphasizing the eternal state where God dwells with His people in the holy city, th
	Attainment by Discipline by T. Austin-Sparks	T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes that God's ultimate purpose is to have a people in absolute ascendency, which is a central theme throughout Scripture. He illustrates this through the h
	Israel in the End Times by David Pawson	In this sermon, the speaker discusses the signs that Jesus gave regarding his second coming. He explains that there are four main signs: famine, wars, earthquakes in the world; a g
	(Through the Bible) 1 John 4 by Chuck Smith	In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the love of God as demonstrated through the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross. He highlights that God's love is not based on our love for Him,
	Good Friday Sermon by Martin Geehan	In this sermon, the speaker shares a personal experience of a near-death encounter where he felt a sense of darkness and void. He emphasizes the importance of knowing Christ as a p
	(Revelation) the Sorrows in Earth by Willie Mullan	In this sermon, the preacher discusses the opening of the fifth field in heaven by Jesus Christ. This event is accompanied by great signs on earth, including a great earthquake, th