Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 10:29
This verb can mean to cross over or transition from one thing to another, and is sometimes used to describe being arrogant or crossing a boundary.
Definition: 1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over 1a2) to pass beyond 1a3) to pass through, traverse 1a3a) passers-through (participle) 1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant) 1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by 1a4a) passer-by (participle) 1a4b) to be past, be over 1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance 1a6) to pass away 1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory) 1a6b) to vanish 1a6c) to perish, cease to exist 1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree) 1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands 1b) (Niphal) to be crossed 1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to pass over, cause to bring over, cause to cross over, make over to, dedicate, devote 1d2) to cause to pass through 1d3) to cause to pass by or beyond or under, let pass by 1d4) to cause to pass away, cause to take away 1e) (Hithpael) to pass over
Usage: Occurs in 493 OT verses. KJV: alienate, alter, [idiom] at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-) come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) [phrase] proclaim(-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, [phrase] raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, [phrase] shave, cause to (make) sound, [idiom] speedily, [idiom] sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-) faring man, be wrath. See also: Genesis 8:1; Deuteronomy 27:2; 1 Samuel 25:19.
Joshua was a leader in the Bible, first mentioned in Ezra 2:2, who helped the Israelites return from exile. His name means Jehovah is salvation, and he is also known as Jeshua in some parts of the Bible. He was a key figure in the conquest of Canaan.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.2; son of: Jehozadak (H3087); father of: Joiakim (H3113); also called Jeshua at Ezr.2.2; 3.2,8; 4.3; 5.2; 1x12.1,7,10,26; § Joshua or Jehoshua = "Jehovah is salvation" 1) son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim and successor to Moses as the leader of the children of Israel; led the conquest of Canaan 2) a resident of Beth-shemesh on whose land the Ark of the Covenant came to a stop after the Philistines returned it 3) son of Jehozadak and high priest after the restoration 4) governor of Jerusalem under king Josiah who gave his name to a gate of the city of Jerusalem
Usage: Occurs in 199 OT verses. KJV: Jehoshua, Jehoshuah, Joshua. Compare H1954 (הוֹשֵׁעַ), H3442 (יֵשׁוּעַ). See also: Exodus 17:9; Joshua 9:15; Zechariah 6:11.
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Definition: 1) with 1a) with 1b) against 1c) toward 1d) as long as
Usage: Occurs in 919 OT verses. KJV: accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al). See also: Genesis 3:6; Exodus 21:14; Deuteronomy 29:11.
Makkedah, a place in Palestine where Joshua captured five Canaanite kings, meaning 'place of shepherds'.
Definition: § Makkedah = "place of shepherds" the location of a cave in Judah where Joshua captured and executed five Canaanite kings during the conquest; located near Bethhoron and Libnah
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: Makkedah. See also: Joshua 10:10; Joshua 10:28; Joshua 15:41.
Libnah was a city in Palestine, originally a Canaanite royal city, later captured by Joshua and allocated to Judah.
Definition: § Libnah = "pavement" a royal city of the Canaanites in the southwest captured by Joshua; allocated to Judah and made a Levitical city
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: Libnah. See also: Numbers 33:20; Joshua 21:13; Isaiah 37:8.
In the Bible, this word means to feed on or consume something, often referring to eating food or battling against someone. It's used in stories like David's battles and the Israelites' struggles in the wilderness.
Definition: 1) to fight, do battle, make war 1a) (Qal) to fight, do battle 1b) (Niphal) to engage in battle, wage war
Usage: Occurs in 171 OT verses. KJV: devour, eat, [idiom] ever, fight(-ing), overcome, prevail, (make) war(-ring). See also: Exodus 1:10; 2 Samuel 8:10; Psalms 35:1.
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Definition: 1) with 1a) with 1b) against 1c) toward 1d) as long as
Usage: Occurs in 919 OT verses. KJV: accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al). See also: Genesis 3:6; Exodus 21:14; Deuteronomy 29:11.
Libnah was a city in Palestine, originally a Canaanite royal city, later captured by Joshua and allocated to Judah.
Definition: § Libnah = "pavement" a royal city of the Canaanites in the southwest captured by Joshua; allocated to Judah and made a Levitical city
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: Libnah. See also: Numbers 33:20; Joshua 21:13; Isaiah 37:8.
Context — Conquest of the Southern Cities
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) |
| 1 |
Joshua 21:13 |
So to the descendants of Aaron the priest they gave these cities, together with their pasturelands: Hebron, a city of refuge for the manslayer, Libnah, |
| 2 |
Joshua 15:42 |
Libnah, Ether, Ashan, |
| 3 |
Jeremiah 52:1 |
Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah. |
| 4 |
2 Kings 19:8 |
When the Rabshakeh heard that the king of Assyria had left Lachish, he withdrew and found the king fighting against Libnah. |
| 5 |
Joshua 10:28 |
On that day Joshua captured Makkedah and put it to the sword, along with its king. He devoted to destruction everyone in the city, leaving no survivors. So he did to the king of Makkedah as he had done to the king of Jericho. |
| 6 |
2 Kings 8:22 |
So to this day Edom has been in rebellion against the hand of Judah. Likewise, Libnah rebelled at the same time. |
| 7 |
Numbers 33:20 |
They set out from Rimmon-perez and camped at Libnah. |
| 8 |
Joshua 8:2 |
And you shall do to Ai and its king as you did to Jericho and its king, except that you may carry off their plunder and livestock for yourselves. Set up an ambush behind the city.” |
| 9 |
Joshua 8:29 |
He hung the king of Ai on a tree until evening, and at sunset Joshua commanded that they take down the body from the tree and throw it down at the entrance of the city gate. And over it they raised a large pile of rocks, which remains to this day. |
| 10 |
Joshua 12:15 |
the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one; |
Joshua 10:29 Summary
[This verse tells us that Joshua and the Israelites moved on from one city to another, trusting in God's power and provision to guide them. They were following God's plan to take possession of the Promised Land, as seen in Deuteronomy 1:8. As they trusted in God, they were able to overcome their enemies and fulfill God's purposes. We can learn from Joshua's example by trusting in God's sovereignty and following His guidance in our own lives, just as we see in Proverbs 3:5-6.]
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Joshua and the Israelites keep fighting and conquering cities?
Joshua and the Israelites were following God's instructions to take possession of the Promised Land, as seen in Deuteronomy 1:8 and Joshua 1:3. This was part of God's plan to establish His people in the land and fulfill His covenant promises.
What can we learn from Joshua's military campaigns?
We can learn about the importance of faith, obedience, and trust in God's power and provision, as seen in Joshua 10:29 and Proverbs 3:5-6. Joshua's successes demonstrate the value of trusting in God's sovereignty and following His guidance.
How does this verse relate to the broader context of Joshua's conquests?
This verse is part of a series of battles and conquests that Joshua and the Israelites undertook to take possession of the Promised Land, as described in Joshua 10:28-43. Each victory was a testament to God's power and faithfulness to His people.
What does this verse reveal about Joshua's character and leadership?
This verse shows that Joshua was a determined and courageous leader who trusted in God's power and followed His instructions, as seen in Joshua 1:7-9 and 10:29. His example encourages us to be bold and faithful in our own walk with God, trusting in His guidance and provision.
Reflection Questions
- What does it mean to 'move on' in faith, trusting in God's power and provision, as Joshua did in this verse?
- How can we apply the principles of trust, obedience, and courage seen in Joshua's life to our own challenges and circumstances?
- What are some areas in our lives where we need to trust in God's sovereignty and follow His guidance, just as Joshua did in his military campaigns?
- How can we, like Joshua, demonstrate faith and confidence in God's power and promises, even in the face of uncertainty or adversity?
Gill's Exposition on Joshua 10:29
And Joshua passed from Makkedah,.... After he had taken it, and destroyed its inhabitants, and its king: and all Israel with him; that is, all the men of war he took with him from the camp at Gilgal,
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 10:29
Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah: No JFB commentary on these verses.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 10:29
All Israel, to wit, who were with him in this expedition. Libnah, a city of Judah,
Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 10:29
Joshua 10:29 Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah:Ver. 29. Then Joshua passed, &c.] Like a wise general he pursueth his victories; which if Hannibal had done after the battle at Cannae, he might have taken Rome, which afterwards he would have done but could not. Hence one said of him, Vincere scis Hannibal, victoria uti nescis: Hannibal knew how to get a victory, but not how to use it.
Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 10:29
(29) Then.—Better, simply and. The operations against Libnah are the commencement of a further stage of the campaign. Libnah has not been identified; but see Joshua 15:42.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 10:29
Verse 29. Fought against Libnah] This city was near Makkedah, see Joshua 15:42, and fell to the tribe of Judah, Joshua 10:20; Joshua 10:42, and was given to the priests, Joshua 21:13. Sennacherib besieged it, after he had been obliged to raise the siege of Lachish. See 2Kg 19:8; Isaiah 37:8.
Cambridge Bible on Joshua 10:29
29. unto Libnah] In a westerly direction. Libnah belonged to the district of the Shephelah, the maritime lowland of Judah, and we find it enumerated among the cities of this district (Joshua 15:42). With its suburbs it was appropriated to the priests (Joshua 21:13; 1 Chronicles 6:57), but revolted from Judah in the reign of Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat (2 Kings 8:22; 2 Chronicles 21:10). On account of the accordance of the name Libnah (“white”) with the “Blanche-garde” of the Crusaders, Dean Stanley would place it at Tell es-Safieh, about 5 miles north-west of Beit-Jibrín. Others would place it 4 miles west of the same spot, at Arak el Menshîyeh.
Barnes' Notes on Joshua 10:29
Libnah - The word means “white” or “distinct,” and undoubtedly points to some natural feature of the spot, perhaps the “Garde Blanche” of the Crusaders, a castle which stood on or near the white
Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 10:29
29. Libnah, according to Stanley and Robinson, is the present Tel-el-Safieh, which is only a mile from Eleutheropolis, in the plain of Judah; but Van de Velde, with more probability, identifies it