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Nehemiah 6:19

Nehemiah 6:19 in Multiple Translations

Moreover, these nobles kept reporting to me Tobiah’s good deeds, and they relayed my words to him. And Tobiah sent letters to intimidate me.

Also they reported his good deeds before me, and uttered my words to him. And Tobiah sent letters to put me in fear.

Also they spake of his good deeds before me, and reported my words to him. And Tobiah sent letters to put me in fear.

And they said much before me of the good he had done, and gave him accounts of my words. And Tobiah sent letters with the purpose of causing me fear.

They kept on telling me all the good things Tobiah was doing, and they reported to him what I said. Tobiah also sent letters to try and scare me.

Yea, they spake in his praise before me, and tolde him my wordes, and Tobiah sent letters to put me in feare.

also, his good deeds they have been saying before me, and my words they have been taking out to him; letters hath Tobiah sent to make me afraid.

Also they spoke of his good deeds before me, and reported my words to him. Tobiah sent letters to put me in fear.

Also they reported his good deeds before me, and uttered my words to him. And Tobiah sent letters to put me in fear.

And they praised him also before me, and they related my words to him: And Tobias sent letters to put me in fear.

People often talked in my presence about all the good things that Tobiah had done, and then they would tell him everything that I said. So Tobiah sent many letters to me to try to cause me to become afraid.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Nehemiah 6:19

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Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Nehemiah 6:19 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB גַּ֣ם טוֹבֹתָ֗י/ו הָי֤וּ אֹמְרִים֙ לְ/פָנַ֔/י וּ/דְבָרַ֕/י הָי֥וּ מוֹצִיאִ֖ים ל֑/וֹ אִגְּר֛וֹת שָׁלַ֥ח טוֹבִיָּ֖ה לְ/יָֽרְאֵֽ/נִי
גַּ֣ם gam H1571 also DirObjM
טוֹבֹתָ֗י/ו ṭôwb H2896 pleasant Adj | Suff
הָי֤וּ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Perf-3cp
אֹמְרִים֙ ʼâmar H559 to say V-Qal
לְ/פָנַ֔/י pânîym H6440 face Prep | N-cp | Suff
וּ/דְבָרַ֕/י dâbâr H1697 Chronicles Conj | N-mp | Suff
הָי֥וּ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Perf-3cp
מוֹצִיאִ֖ים yâtsâʼ H3318 to come out V-Hiphil
ל֑/וֹ Prep | Suff
אִגְּר֛וֹת ʼiggereth H107 letter N-fp
שָׁלַ֥ח shâlach H7971 to send V-Qal-Perf-3ms
טוֹבִיָּ֖ה Ṭôwbîyâh H2900 Tobijah N-proper
לְ/יָֽרְאֵֽ/נִי yârêʼ H3372 to fear Prep | V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Nehemiah 6:19

גַּ֣ם gam H1571 "also" DirObjM
Also means 'even' or 'too', used for emphasis or to connect ideas, like 'both...and' or 'neither...nor'. It can introduce a climax or show contrast.
Definition: 1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea 1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis) 1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative) 1c) even (for stress) 1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax) 1e) also (of correspondence or retribution) 1f) but, yet, though (adversative) 1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case) 2) (TWOT) again, alike
Usage: Occurs in 661 OT verses. KJV: again, alike, also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and, but, either...or, even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover, nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea. See also: Genesis 3:6; Exodus 19:9; 1 Samuel 14:21.
טוֹבֹתָ֗י/ו ṭôwb H2896 "pleasant" Adj | Suff
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means good or welfare, describing something that is beneficial or pleasing, like a good deed or a happy time. It is used in many contexts, including Genesis and Psalms. This word is often translated as 'good' or 'beautiful'.
Definition: adj 1) good, pleasant, agreeable 1a) pleasant, agreeable (to the senses) 1b) pleasant (to the higher nature) 1c) good, excellent (of its kind) 1d) good, rich, valuable in estimation 1e) good, appropriate, becoming 1f) better (comparative) 1g) glad, happy, prosperous (of man's sensuous nature) 1h) good understanding (of man's intellectual nature) 1i) good, kind, benign 1j) good, right (ethical) Aramaic equivalent: tav (טָב "fine" H2869)
Usage: Occurs in 521 OT verses. KJV: beautiful, best, better, bountiful, cheerful, at ease, [idiom] fair (word), (be in) favour, fine, glad, good (deed, -lier, -liest, -ly, -ness, -s), graciously, joyful, kindly, kindness, liketh (best), loving, merry, [idiom] most, pleasant, [phrase] pleaseth, pleasure, precious, prosperity, ready, sweet, wealth, welfare, (be) well(-favoured). See also: Genesis 1:4; Ruth 2:22; 2 Chronicles 3:8.
הָי֤וּ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Perf-3cp
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
אֹמְרִים֙ ʼâmar H559 "to say" V-Qal
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Definition: 1) to say, speak, utter 1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend 1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called 1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly 1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
Usage: Occurs in 4337 OT verses. KJV: answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet. See also: Genesis 1:3; Genesis 18:23; Genesis 25:32.
לְ/פָנַ֔/י pânîym H6440 "face" Prep | N-cp | Suff
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Definition: : face 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
Usage: Occurs in 1891 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 43:31; Exodus 30:16.
וּ/דְבָרַ֕/י dâbâr H1697 "Chronicles" Conj | N-mp | Suff
A word or thing, like a matter or affair, as seen in the book of Chronicles where it refers to the events and words of kings. It can also mean a cause or reason for something.
Definition: This name means word, speaking
Usage: Occurs in 1290 OT verses. KJV: act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [phrase] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work. See also: Genesis 11:1; Exodus 23:8; Deuteronomy 18:21.
הָי֥וּ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Perf-3cp
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
מוֹצִיאִ֖ים yâtsâʼ H3318 "to come out" V-Hiphil
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to go out or come out, and it's used in many different ways, like leaving a place or starting a new journey, as seen in Genesis and Exodus.
Definition: : come/go_out/escape 1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart 1a2) to go forth (to a place) 1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something) 1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result) 1a5) to come out of 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out 1b2) to bring out of 1b3) to lead out 1b4) to deliver 1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth
Usage: Occurs in 991 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter. See also: Genesis 1:12; Exodus 9:33; Leviticus 26:45.
ל֑/וֹ "" Prep | Suff
אִגְּר֛וֹת ʼiggereth H107 "letter" N-fp
This word refers to a written message or letter, like the ones sent by kings or prophets. In the Bible, it appears in Ezra and Nehemiah, describing official letters. The KJV translates it as letter.
Definition: letter, missive Aramaic equivalent: ig.g.ra (אִגְּרָא "letter" H0104)
Usage: Occurs in 10 OT verses. KJV: letter. See also: 2 Chronicles 30:1; Nehemiah 6:5; Esther 9:29.
שָׁלַ֥ח shâlach H7971 "to send" V-Qal-Perf-3ms
To send or depart is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which has various applications in the Bible. It can describe sending someone or something away, or letting something go.
Definition: : depart/send 1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to send 1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct 1a3) to send away 1a4) to let loose 1b) (Niphal) to be sent 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out 1c2) to let go, set free 1c3) to shoot forth (of branches) 1c4) to let down 1c5) to shoot 1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled 1e) (Hiphil) to send
Usage: Occurs in 790 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, [idiom] earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out). See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 9:27; Joshua 14:11.
טוֹבִיָּ֖ה Ṭôwbîyâh H2900 "Tobijah" N-proper
Tobijah means Jehovah is good, the name of three Israelites and one Samaritan, including a Levite in Jehoshaphat's reign. Tobijah opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem with Sanballat. He is mentioned in Zechariah 6:10.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Zec.6.10 § Tobiah = "Jehovah is good" 1) head of a family who returned from exile with Zerubbabel but who were unable to prove their connection with Israel 2) the Ammonite who with Sanballat opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem 3) a Levite in the reign of Jehoshaphat 4) a chief of the returning exiles
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: Tobiah, Tobijah. See also: 2 Chronicles 17:8; Nehemiah 6:14; Zechariah 6:14.
לְ/יָֽרְאֵֽ/נִי yârêʼ H3372 "to fear" Prep | V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
This Hebrew word means to fear or revere, and is used to describe being afraid or standing in awe of something, like God's power. It appears in the Bible to convey a sense of respect or reverence. In the KJV, it's translated as 'affright' or 'reverence'.
Definition: : frightening(DANGER) 1) to fear, revere, be afraid 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to fear, be afraid 1a2) to stand in awe of, be awed 1a3) to fear, reverence, honour, respect 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be fearful, be dreadful, be feared 1b2) to cause astonishment and awe, be held in awe 1b3) to inspire reverence or godly fear or awe 1c) (Piel) to make afraid, terrify 2) (TWOT) to shoot, pour
Usage: Occurs in 318 OT verses. KJV: affright, be (make) afraid, dread(-ful), (put in) fear(-ful, -fully, -ing), (be had in) reverence(-end), [idiom] see, terrible (act, -ness, thing). See also: Genesis 3:10; 1 Samuel 12:18; Psalms 3:7.

Study Notes — Nehemiah 6:19

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Acts 4:18–21 Then they called them in again and commanded them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. But Peter and John replied, “Judge for yourselves whether it is right in God’s sight to listen to you rather than God. For we cannot stop speaking about what we have seen and heard.” After further threats they let them go. They could not find a way to punish them, because all the people were glorifying God for what had happened.
2 Nehemiah 6:9 For they were all trying to frighten us, saying, “Their hands will be weakened in the work, and it will never be finished.” But now, my God, strengthen my hands.
3 John 7:7 The world cannot hate you, but it hates Me, because I testify that its works are evil.
4 Proverbs 28:4 Those who forsake the law praise the wicked, but those who keep the law resist them.
5 Nehemiah 6:13 He had been hired to intimidate me so that I would sin by doing as he suggested, so they could give me a bad name in order to discredit me.
6 1 John 4:5 They are of the world. That is why they speak from the world’s perspective, and the world listens to them.
7 John 15:19 If you were of the world, it would love you as its own. Instead, the world hates you, because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world.
8 Isaiah 37:10–14 “Give this message to Hezekiah king of Judah: ‘Do not let your God, in whom you trust, deceive you by saying that Jerusalem will not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. Surely you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the other countries, devoting them to destruction. Will you then be spared? Did the gods of the nations destroyed by my fathers rescue those nations—the gods of Gozan, Haran, and Rezeph, and of the people of Eden in Telassar? Where are the kings of Hamath, Arpad, Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah?’” So Hezekiah received the letter from the messengers, read it, and went up to the house of the LORD and spread it out before the LORD.

Nehemiah 6:19 Summary

[Nehemiah 6:19 tells us that some of the nobles of Judah were reporting Tobiah's good deeds to Nehemiah, and also telling Tobiah what Nehemiah was saying, which shows that there were people trying to influence Nehemiah's opinions and actions. Tobiah was trying to intimidate Nehemiah through letters, but Nehemiah trusted in God's sovereignty and provision, as seen in Nehemiah 1:4-11. This verse reminds us that we should not be swayed by the opinions or actions of others, but instead trust in God's will and plan for our lives, as seen in Proverbs 3:5-6. By trusting in God, we can overcome opposition and challenges, and fulfill the work that He has called us to do, as seen in Nehemiah 6:14 and Philippians 4:13.]

Frequently Asked Questions

Why were the nobles of Judah reporting Tobiah's good deeds to Nehemiah?

The nobles were likely trying to influence Nehemiah's opinion of Tobiah, as they had ties to him through oaths and family relationships, as seen in Nehemiah 6:18, and they wanted to present him in a favorable light.

What was Tobiah's motivation for sending letters to Nehemiah?

Tobiah sent letters to intimidate Nehemiah, likely to discourage him from continuing the work of rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem, as seen in Nehemiah 6:19, and to undermine his authority, similar to the tactics used by Sanballat and Geshem in Nehemiah 2:19.

How does this verse relate to the overall narrative of Nehemiah's story?

This verse shows the ongoing opposition and challenges that Nehemiah faced as he worked to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem, as seen in Nehemiah 4:1-3, and his trust in God to overcome them, as expressed in Nehemiah 6:14.

What can we learn from Nehemiah's response to Tobiah's intimidation?

Although the verse does not explicitly state Nehemiah's response, we can learn from his overall character and trust in God, as seen in Nehemiah 1:4-11 and Psalm 37:3-7, that we should not be swayed by intimidation or opposition, but instead trust in God's sovereignty and provision.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do I respond when faced with opposition or intimidation, and what can I learn from Nehemiah's example?
  2. In what ways can I be influenced by the opinions or actions of those around me, and how can I stay focused on God's will?
  3. What are some ways that I can trust in God's sovereignty and provision, even in the face of challenges or opposition, as seen in Psalm 23:4 and Isaiah 41:10?
  4. How can I balance the need to be aware of potential threats or challenges with the need to trust in God's protection and care, as seen in Matthew 10:16-20?

Gill's Exposition on Nehemiah 6:19

Also they reported his good deeds before me,.... Recommended him as a very worthy man, deserving of respect and notice by Nehemiah, and to be taken into his friendship, and admitted to conversation

Trapp's Commentary on Nehemiah 6:19

Nehemiah 6:19 Also they reported his good deeds before me, and uttered my words to him. [And] Tobiah sent letters to put me in fear.Ver. 19. Also they reported his good deeds before me] Heb. His goodness, as if he had been another Phocion, who was surnamed the Good. But this was but in their opinion only, who had little enough goodness, and skill to judge it. Or if there were any good in him, yet Sunt bona mista malis and of him might be said, as once of Sfortz, duke of Milan, that he was a very monster, made up and compact of virtue and vice (Folieta Galeazo).

Ellicott's Commentary on Nehemiah 6:19

(19) Reported his good deeds.—Besides the correspondence thus carried on. these nobles strove to exalt the character of Tobiah to tne governor, while they made the enemy acquainted with all that went on. This intelligence enabled him to write the disquieting letters which Nehemiah says he was in the habit of receiving.

Cambridge Bible on Nehemiah 6:19

19. reported … uttered] R.V. spoke of … reported. The Hebrew gives the idea of continuous action. They endeavoured to convince Nehemiah that Tobiah’s professions of goodwill were sincere. Perhaps too they spoke of the generous way in which he distributed money among the Jews. On the other hand they communicated to Tobiah all that Nehemiah said and did, with the view of supplying him with material for charges against Nehemiah to be made before the Persian king, or for slanders to the Jewish people. The word for ‘His good deeds,’ or ‘virtues,’ (tôbôthâv) is perhaps a play on the name ‘Tobiah.’ Tobiah … in fear] i.e. letters like that of Sanballat quoted above (Nehemiah 6:5-8).

Whedon's Commentary on Nehemiah 6:19

19. They reported his good deeds before me — Seeking to allay suspicions, and to show that Tobiah was not so bad a man as Nehemiah thought. They kept repeating his praises, and mentioning what they esteemed his noble deeds.

Sermons on Nehemiah 6:19

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Leonard Ravenhill Habitation! by Leonard Ravenhill In this sermon, the speaker discusses the structure of a church service and the different elements that make up the first three hours and the second three hours. The first three ho
Raymond Brown Trusting the Fathers Plan by Raymond Brown In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes that even those with vast knowledge may not have all the answers to life's problems. However, they do know that in times of great need, God p
Gisela Yohannan What a Normal Christian Life Looks Like From the Book of Acts by Gisela Yohannan In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the incredible love of God for humanity. He highlights the sacrifice of Jesus, who willingly suffered and died on the cross to save mankind.
Brian Brodersen (Acts) Purity and Power by Brian Brodersen In this sermon, the speaker begins by setting the context in Acts chapter 4, where the disciples had just healed a lame man and were subsequently arrested by the authorities. The a
Nigel Lee Improving Preaching (1) (1.9.1983) by Nigel Lee In this sermon, the speaker shares a strange incident that occurred in an old people's home in London. Two men wearing balaclava helmets entered the home with shotguns, causing fea
C.H. Spurgeon A Sound Heart by C.H. Spurgeon John MacArthur emphasizes that teaching (didasko) involves passing on information systematically, focusing on the truth of God's Word. The essence of teaching is to influence under
Leonard Verduin (Reformers and Their Stepchildren) Donatisten! - Part 1 by Leonard Verduin Leonard Verduin preaches about the historical context of the Donatist Rebellion in the fourth century and its relevance to the Reformation era. He highlights the concept of 'Christ

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