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Numbers 8:2

Numbers 8:2 in Multiple Translations

“Speak to Aaron and tell him: ‘When you set up the seven lamps, they are to light the area in front of the lampstand.’”

Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light over against the candlestick.

Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light in front of the candlestick.

Say to Aaron, When you put the lights in their places, the seven lights will give light in front of the support.

“Tell Aaron, ‘When you place the seven lamps on the lampstand, make sure they shine towards the front.’”

Speake vnto Aaron, and say vnto him, When thou lightest the lampes, the seuen lampes shall giue light towarde the forefront of the Candlesticke.

'Speak unto Aaron, and thou hast said unto him, In thy causing the lights to go up, over-against the face of the candlestick do the seven lights give light.'

“Speak to Aaron, and tell him, ‘When you light the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light in front of the lamp stand.’”

Speak to Aaron, and say to him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light over against the candlestick.

Speak to Aaron, and thou shalt say to him: When thou shalt place the seven lamps, let the candlestick be set up on the south side. Give orders therefore that the lamps look over against the north, towards the table of the leaves of proposition, over against that part shall they give light, towards which the candlestick looketh.

“Tell Aaron to put the seven lamps on the lampstand and place them in such a way that they shine toward the front of the lampstand.”

Study Highlights

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Berean Amplified Bible — Numbers 8:2

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Numbers 8:2 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB דַּבֵּר֙ אֶֽל אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְ/אָמַרְתָּ֖ אֵלָ֑י/ו בְּ/הַעֲלֹֽתְ/ךָ֙ אֶת הַ/נֵּרֹ֔ת אֶל מוּל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַ/מְּנוֹרָ֔ה יָאִ֖ירוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת הַ/נֵּרֽוֹת
דַּבֵּר֙ dâbar H1696 to speak V-Piel-Impv-2ms
אֶֽל ʼêl H413 to(wards) Prep
אַהֲרֹ֔ן ʼAhărôwn H175 Aaron N-proper
וְ/אָמַרְתָּ֖ ʼâmar H559 to say Conj | V-Qal-2ms
אֵלָ֑י/ו ʼêl H413 to(wards) Prep | Suff
בְּ/הַעֲלֹֽתְ/ךָ֙ ʻâlâh H5927 to ascend Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a | Suff
אֶת ʼêth H853 Obj. DirObjM
הַ/נֵּרֹ֔ת nîyr H5216 lamp Art | N-mp
אֶל ʼêl H413 to(wards) Prep
מוּל֙ mûwl H4136 opposite Prep
פְּנֵ֣י pânîym H6440 face N-cp
הַ/מְּנוֹרָ֔ה mᵉnôwrâh H4501 lampstand Art | N-fs
יָאִ֖ירוּ ʼôwr H215 to light V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp
שִׁבְעַ֥ת shebaʻ H7651 seven Adj
הַ/נֵּרֽוֹת nîyr H5216 lamp Art | N-mp
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Numbers 8:2

דַּבֵּר֙ dâbar H1696 "to speak" V-Piel-Impv-2ms
To speak or communicate, like God speaking to Moses in Exodus or a king commanding his people. It can also mean to promise or warn someone.
Definition: : speak/tell/command 1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing 1a) (Qal) to speak 1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to speak 1c2) to promise 1d) (Pual) to be spoken 1e) (Hithpael) to speak 1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
Usage: Occurs in 1049 OT verses. KJV: answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use (entreaties), utter, [idiom] well, [idiom] work. See also: Genesis 8:15; Exodus 12:25; Leviticus 23:9.
אֶֽל ʼêl H413 "to(wards)" Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
אַהֲרֹ֔ן ʼAhărôwn H175 "Aaron" N-proper
Aaron was the brother of Moses and the first high priest of the Israelites. He was a leader in the Exodus from Egypt and played a key role in the early history of the Israelites. His story is told in Exodus and Leviticus.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.4.14; son of: Amram (H6019) and Jochebed (H3115); brother of: Moses (H4872) and Miriam (H4813); married to Elisheba (H0472); father of: Nadab (H5070), Abihu (H0030), Eleazar (H0499) and Ithamar (H0385) Also named: Aarōn (Ἀαρών "Aaron" G0002) § Aaron = "light bringer" brother of Moses, a Levite and the first high priest
Usage: Occurs in 328 OT verses. KJV: Aaron. See also: Exodus 4:14; Exodus 34:31; Numbers 3:39.
וְ/אָמַרְתָּ֖ ʼâmar H559 "to say" Conj | V-Qal-2ms
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Definition: 1) to say, speak, utter 1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend 1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called 1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly 1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
Usage: Occurs in 4337 OT verses. KJV: answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet. See also: Genesis 1:3; Genesis 18:23; Genesis 25:32.
אֵלָ֑י/ו ʼêl H413 "to(wards)" Prep | Suff
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
בְּ/הַעֲלֹֽתְ/ךָ֙ ʻâlâh H5927 "to ascend" Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a | Suff
To ascend means to go up or rise, like the smoke from an altar going up to God, as described in many Bible passages, including Leviticus and Psalms.
Definition: : rise/go 1) to go up, ascend, climb 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go up, ascend 1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat 1a3) to go up, come up (of animals) 1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation) 1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon) 1a6) to come up (before God) 1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary) 1a8) to excel, be superior to 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away 1b2) to take oneself away 1b3) to be exalted 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up 1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away 1c3) to bring up, draw up, train 1c4) to cause to ascend 1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally) 1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts) 1c7) to exalt 1c8) to cause to ascend, offer 1d) (Hophal) 1d1) to be carried away, be led up 1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in 1d3) to be offered 1e) (Hithpael) to lift oneself
Usage: Occurs in 817 OT verses. KJV: arise (up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up), bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, [phrase] shew, climb (up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart, exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up); grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light, (make) up, [idiom] mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, [phrase] perfect, prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise (up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring (up), stir up, take away (up), work. See also: Genesis 2:6; Exodus 34:4; Joshua 7:6.
אֶת ʼêth H853 "Obj." DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
הַ/נֵּרֹ֔ת nîyr H5216 "lamp" Art | N-mp
A lamp is a device that holds a flame, providing light. In the Bible, it's often used to symbolize guidance or spiritual light. The word can also refer to the light itself, rather than just the lamp.
Definition: lamp Also means: nir (נִיר "lamp" H5216B)
Usage: Occurs in 42 OT verses. KJV: candle, lamp, light. See also: Exodus 25:37; 1 Chronicles 28:15; Psalms 18:29.
אֶל ʼêl H413 "to(wards)" Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
מוּל֙ mûwl H4136 "opposite" Prep
This word means opposite or in front of, often used to describe location or direction. In Exodus 14:2, the Israelites camped in front of Pi-ha-hiroth, facing the sea. It provides a sense of spatial awareness and orientation in biblical contexts.
Definition: 1) front 1a) front 1b) in the opposite direction prep 2) in front of 2a) in front of 2b) (with prefix) 2b1) towards the front of, to the front of, on the front of 2b2) from the front of, off the front of, close in front of, on the forefront of
Usage: Occurs in 34 OT verses. KJV: (over) against, before, (fore-) front, from, (God-) ward, toward, with. See also: Exodus 18:19; Deuteronomy 11:30; Micah 2:8.
פְּנֵ֣י pânîym H6440 "face" N-cp
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Definition: : face 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
Usage: Occurs in 1891 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 43:31; Exodus 30:16.
הַ/מְּנוֹרָ֔ה mᵉnôwrâh H4501 "lampstand" Art | N-fs
The Hebrew word for lampstand, often translated as candlestick, refers to a chandelier or lamp stand, like those found in the Temple. It appears in Exodus 25:31 and 37:17. In the Bible, lampstands symbolize God's presence.
Definition: lamp stand
Usage: Occurs in 31 OT verses. KJV: candlestick. See also: Exodus 25:31; Exodus 40:24; Jeremiah 52:19.
יָאִ֖ירוּ ʼôwr H215 "to light" V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp
Or means to give light, whether physically or spiritually, as in Psalm 119:105 where God's word is a light to our path.
Definition: 1) to be or become light, shine 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to become light (day) 1a2) to shine (of the sun) 1a3) to become bright 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be illuminated 1b2) to become lighted up 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to give light, shine (of sun, moon, and stars) 1c2) to illumine, light up, cause to shine, shine 1c3) to kindle, light (candle, wood) 1c4) lighten (of the eyes, his law, etc) 1c5) to make shine (of the face)
Usage: Occurs in 43 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] break of day, glorious, kindle, (be, en-, give, show) light (-en, -ened), set on fire, shine. See also: Genesis 1:15; Psalms 67:2; Psalms 13:4.
שִׁבְעַ֥ת shebaʻ H7651 "seven" Adj
This word means the number seven, which was considered a special or sacred number. It can also mean seven times or a week, and is used in the Bible to describe completeness or perfection. The KJV translates it as seven or sevenfold.
Definition: 1) seven (cardinal number) 1a) as ordinal number 1b) in combination-17, 700 etc Aramaic equivalent: shiv.ah (שִׁבְעָה "seven" H7655)
Usage: Occurs in 344 OT verses. KJV: ([phrase] by) seven(-fold),-s, (-teen, -teenth), -th, times). Compare H7658 (שִׁבְעָנָה). See also: Genesis 4:24; Leviticus 23:15; 2 Samuel 21:6.
הַ/נֵּרֽוֹת nîyr H5216 "lamp" Art | N-mp
A lamp is a device that holds a flame, providing light. In the Bible, it's often used to symbolize guidance or spiritual light. The word can also refer to the light itself, rather than just the lamp.
Definition: lamp Also means: nir (נִיר "lamp" H5216B)
Usage: Occurs in 42 OT verses. KJV: candle, lamp, light. See also: Exodus 25:37; 1 Chronicles 28:15; Psalms 18:29.

Study Notes — Numbers 8:2

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Exodus 25:37 Make seven lamps and set them up on the lampstand so that they illuminate the area in front of it.
2 Exodus 40:25 and set up the lamps before the LORD, just as the LORD had commanded him.
3 Leviticus 24:1–2 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Command the Israelites to bring you pure oil of pressed olives for the light, to keep the lamps burning continually.
4 Revelation 4:5 From the throne came flashes of lightning, and rumblings, and peals of thunder. Before the throne burned seven torches of fire. These are the seven Spirits of God.
5 Revelation 1:20–1
6 Psalms 119:130 The unfolding of Your words gives light; it informs the simple.
7 John 1:9 The true Light who gives light to every man was coming into the world.
8 Exodus 37:18–19 Six branches extended from the sides, three on one side and three on the other. There were three cups shaped like almond blossoms on the first branch, each with buds and petals, three on the next branch, and the same for all six branches that extended from the lampstand.
9 Psalms 119:105 Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.
10 Revelation 1:12 Then I turned to see the voice that was speaking with me. And having turned, I saw seven golden lampstands,

Numbers 8:2 Summary

This verse is telling us about the importance of following God's instructions, just like Aaron did when he set up the lamps. The lamps were to shine their light in front of the lampstand, which symbolizes the light of God's presence shining forth. Just like the lamps, we are called to reflect the light of God's presence in our own lives, as seen in Matthew 5:14-16, where Jesus says we are the light of the world. By obeying God's instructions and following His lead, we can shine His light for all to see, just as the lamps shone their light in the tabernacle.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the seven lamps in Numbers 8:2?

The seven lamps represent the perfection and completeness of God's light, as seen in Revelation 4:5, where seven lamps of fire burn before God's throne, symbolizing the seven Spirits of God.

Why were the lamps set up to light the area in front of the lampstand?

The lamps were set up to light the area in front of the lampstand to symbolize the light of God's presence shining forth, as described in Isaiah 60:19-20, where God's light will be the everlasting light for His people.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of Numbers?

This verse relates to the overall theme of Numbers, which emphasizes the importance of following God's instructions and maintaining the purity and holiness of the Israelites, as seen in Numbers 5:3, where God commands the Israelites to remove all uncleanness from their camp.

What can we learn from Aaron's obedience in setting up the lamps as instructed?

We can learn from Aaron's obedience the importance of following God's instructions, as seen in John 14:15, where Jesus says, 'If you love me, keep my commandments,' and in 1 Samuel 15:22, where Samuel says, 'To obey is better than sacrifice.'

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some ways that I can reflect the light of God's presence in my own life, just as the lamps reflected the light of the lampstand?
  2. How can I apply the principle of obedience to God's instructions in my own life, just as Aaron obeyed God's instructions in setting up the lamps?
  3. What are some areas of my life where I need to allow God's light to shine, and how can I cooperate with Him in that process?
  4. What does this verse teach me about the importance of attention to detail in my walk with God, and how can I apply that principle in my own life?

Gill's Exposition on Numbers 8:2

Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him,.... It being his work to light the lamps, though, as Ben Gersom observes, it was not incumbent on an high priest alone to do this, for it also belonged to the sons

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Numbers 8:2

Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light over against the candlestick.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Numbers 8:2

i.e. Either, 1. On every side of the candlestick. So the candlestick is here put for the bulk or shaft of the candlestick, as ,35, and the lamps, when they were lighted, were put into the branches of the candlestick, and take it out upon occasion. Thus the meaning is, that all the lamps were to be lighted on that part which was towards the middle, looking that way whence they had their light; for the middle lamp was lighted with the fire of the altar, and from that the other lamps received light. But against this sense it is objected, that the lamps could not be otherwise ordered, but that they must give light round about the candlestick, and therefore that sense seems to make this direction idle and frivolous. Or, 2. On that part which is before the candlestick, Heb. over against the face of the candlestick, i.e. in that place towards which the candlestick looked, or where the candlestick stood in full view, i.e. upon the north side, where the table of shewbread stood, as appears from hence, because the candlestick stood close to the boards of the sanctuary on the south side, . And thus the lights were on both sides of the sanctuary, which was fit and necessary, because it was wholly dark in itself, and had no window in it.

Ellicott's Commentary on Numbers 8:2

VIII.(2) When thou lightest the lamps.—Better, When thou settest up the lamps. (Comp. Exodus 25:37.) The golden candlestick was placed against the south wall of the Tabernacle, opposite to the table of shewbread, so that its seven branches were parallel to that wall, with its branches east and west, and consequently the seven lamps, one of which rested upon each of the seven branches, threw their light in front of the candlestick, i.e., towards the north wall, by which arrangement the furniture of the holy place was more effectually lighted than it would have been had the candlestick been placed facing the entrance, with its branches north and south. Over against.—Or, in front of.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Numbers 8:2

Verse 2. The seven lamps shall give light] The whole seven shall be lighted at one time, that seven may be ever burning.

Cambridge Bible on Numbers 8:2

2. When thou settest up] So R.V. marg. correctly. The lamps were small bowls of oil with wicks. They stood on the top of the central stem and of the three branching arms or shafts on either side. The verb describes Aaron as reaching up to put them in their place after the wicks have been lighted. in front of the lampstand] i.e. towards the opposite (north) side, where the table of the Presence-bread stood.

Whedon's Commentary on Numbers 8:2

THE LAMPS, Numbers 8:1-4. 2. The seven lamps shall give light over against the candlestick — R.V., “in front of.” The Hebrew here is very explicit, yet it is difficult to imagine how the lamps on the

Sermons on Numbers 8:2

SermonDescription
John Nelson Darby Service by John Nelson Darby John Nelson Darby emphasizes the significance of service within the Church, drawing parallels from the Levites' role in the Old Testament. He explains that true service stems from
G.W. North The Love of God by G.W. North In this sermon, the preacher describes a vision of Jesus as seen by John in the book of Revelation. Jesus is depicted as standing among seven golden candlesticks, with a garment do
Major Ian Thomas Ark of the Covenant - Part 1 by Major Ian Thomas In this sermon, the preacher discusses the story of Samuel and the Israelites' battle against the Philistines. The Israelites were defeated, and the elders of Israel questioned why
T. Austin-Sparks Burning Fire of the Spirit - Part 1 by T. Austin-Sparks In this sermon, the speaker focuses on the description of the throne of God in Revelation 4:5. They emphasize that their aim is to provide practical teachings that lead to real-lif
A.W. Tozer (Revelation - Part 1): John Saw Further in All Directions by A.W. Tozer In this sermon, the preacher discusses the book of Revelation and the visions that John saw. He describes how John saw various apocalyptic events, such as the sun turning black, th
Carter Conlon The Unrelenting Humility of God by Carter Conlon In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the scene of worship described in Revelation chapter 4. The worship is directed towards the God of all creation, with thunderings, lightning
Chuck Smith (Through the Bible) Revelation 4-6 by Chuck Smith In this sermon on Revelation chapter 4, the speaker begins by explaining the significance of the phrase "after these things" which marks the start of the third section of the book.

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