Menu

Zechariah 7:1

Zechariah 7:1 in Multiple Translations

In the fourth year of King Darius, the word of the LORD came to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Chislev.

And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chisleu;

And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of Jehovah came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chislev.

And it came about in the fourth year of King Darius, that the word of the Lord came to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, the month Chislev.

The Lord sent a message to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Chislev. This was during the fourth year of king Darius' reign.

And in the fourth yeere of King Darius, the worde of the Lord came vnto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth moneth, euen in Chisleu,

And it cometh to pass, in the fourth year of Darius the king hath a word of Jehovah been unto Zechariah, in the fourth of the ninth month, in Chisleu.

In the fourth year of King Darius, the LORD’s word came to Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Chislev.

And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the LORD came to Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chisleu;

And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the Lord came to Zacharias, in the fourth day of the ninth month, which is Casleu.

When Darius had been the emperor for almost four years, on December 7, Yahweh gave me another message.

Study Highlights

Key words in the translations above are automatically highlighted. Names of God and Jesus are marked in purple, the Holy Spirit in orange, divine action verbs are underlined, and repeated key words are highlighted in yellow.

Enable Study Highlights
God & Jesus
Holy Spirit
Divine Actions
Repeated Words

Berean Amplified Bible — Zechariah 7:1

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Zechariah 7:1 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וַֽ/יְהִי֙ בִּ/שְׁנַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע לְ/דָרְיָ֖וֶשׁ הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל זְכַרְיָ֗ה בְּ/אַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַ/חֹ֥דֶשׁ הַ/תְּשִׁעִ֖י בְּ/כִסְלֵֽו
וַֽ/יְהִי֙ hâyâh H1961 to be Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
בִּ/שְׁנַ֣ת shâneh H8141 year Prep | N-fs
אַרְבַּ֔ע ʼarbaʻ H702 four Adj
לְ/דָרְיָ֖וֶשׁ Dârᵉyâvêsh H1867 Darius Prep | N-proper
הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ melek H4428 King's Art | N-ms
הָיָ֨ה hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Perf-3ms
דְבַר dâbâr H1697 Chronicles N-ms
יְהוָ֜ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 The Lord N-proper
אֶל ʼêl H413 to(wards) Prep
זְכַרְיָ֗ה Zᵉkaryâh H2148 Zechariah N-proper
בְּ/אַרְבָּעָ֛ה ʼarbaʻ H702 four Prep | Adj
לַ/חֹ֥דֶשׁ chôdesh H2320 month Prep | N-ms
הַ/תְּשִׁעִ֖י tᵉshîyʻîy H8671 ninth Art | Adj
בְּ/כִסְלֵֽו Kiçlêv H3691 Chislev Prep | N-proper
Hebrew Word Study

Select any word above to explore its original meaning, root, and usage across Scripture.

Use arrow keys to navigate between words.

Hebrew Word Reference — Zechariah 7:1

וַֽ/יְהִי֙ hâyâh H1961 "to be" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
בִּ/שְׁנַ֣ת shâneh H8141 "year" Prep | N-fs
This word also means a year, like when Abraham was 100 years old in Genesis 21. It is used to describe a period of time, age, or a lifetime.
Definition: 1) year 1a) as division of time 1b) as measure of time 1c) as indication of age 1d) a lifetime (of years of life) Aramaic equivalent: she.nah (שְׁנָה "year" H8140)
Usage: Occurs in 647 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] whole age, [idiom] long, [phrase] old, year([idiom] -ly). See also: Genesis 1:14; Genesis 47:28; Numbers 7:35.
אַרְבַּ֔ע ʼarbaʻ H702 "four" Adj
The number four is a simple counting number in Hebrew, used to describe quantities of things, such as people, objects, or groups.
Definition: four
Usage: Occurs in 277 OT verses. KJV: four. See also: Genesis 2:10; Judges 20:47; Esther 9:21.
לְ/דָרְיָ֖וֶשׁ Dârᵉyâvêsh H1867 "Darius" Prep | N-proper
Darius was a title given to several Persian kings, including Darius the Mede, who ruled after the fall of Babylon. He is mentioned in Daniel 5:31 and Ezra 4:5, where his role in the history of the Israelites is discussed. Darius means 'lord' in Hebrew.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Dan.5.31; son of: Ahasuerus (H0325) Also named: dar.ya.vesh (דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ "Darius" H1868H) § Darius = "lord" 1) Darius the Mede, the son of Ahasuerus, king of the Chaldeans, who succeeded to the Babylonian kingdom on the death of Belshazzar; probably the same as "Astyages" the last king of the Medes (538 BC) 2) Darius, the son of Hystaspes, the founder of the Perso-Arian dynasty (521 BC) 3) Darius II or Darius III 3a) Darius II, Nothus (Ochus) was king of Persia during the time of Nehemiah (424/3-405/4 BC). Darius II is the most probable because he is mentioned by Nehemiah and ruled during the time of Nehemiah 3b) Darius III, Codomannus was king of Persia during its last years at the time of Alexander the Great and was his opponent (336-330 BC)
Usage: Occurs in 10 OT verses. KJV: Darius. See also: Ezra 4:5; Haggai 1:15; Zechariah 7:1.
הַ/מֶּ֑לֶךְ melek H4428 "King's" Art | N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
הָיָ֨ה hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Perf-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
דְבַר dâbâr H1697 "Chronicles" N-ms
A word or thing, like a matter or affair, as seen in the book of Chronicles where it refers to the events and words of kings. It can also mean a cause or reason for something.
Definition: This name means word, speaking
Usage: Occurs in 1290 OT verses. KJV: act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [phrase] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work. See also: Genesis 11:1; Exodus 23:8; Deuteronomy 18:21.
יְהוָ֜ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 "The Lord" N-proper
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Definition: Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Usage: Occurs in 5522 OT verses. KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare H3050 (יָהּ), H3069 (יְהֹוִה). See also: Genesis 2:4; Genesis 24:42; Exodus 8:8.
אֶל ʼêl H413 "to(wards)" Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
זְכַרְיָ֗ה Zᵉkaryâh H2148 "Zechariah" N-proper
Zechariah means Jehovah remembers, a name given to 29 Israelites, including a prophet and priest who lived during the Exile and Return, as mentioned in Nehemiah 12:35 and Zechariah 1:1.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.12.35; son of: Jonathan (H3129K); brother of: Shemaiah (H8098V), Azarel (H5832J), Milalai (H4450), Gilalai (H1562), Maai (H4597), Nethanel (H5417P), Judah (H3063K) and Hanani (H2607K) § Zechariah = "Jehovah remembers" 11th in order of the minor prophets; a priest, son of Berechiah and grandson of Iddo, who, along with Haggai, directed the rebuilding of the temple in the days of Zerubbabel
Usage: Occurs in 43 OT verses. KJV: Zachariah, Zechariah. See also: 2 Kings 14:29; 2 Chronicles 29:1; Isaiah 8:2.
בְּ/אַרְבָּעָ֛ה ʼarbaʻ H702 "four" Prep | Adj
The number four is a simple counting number in Hebrew, used to describe quantities of things, such as people, objects, or groups.
Definition: four
Usage: Occurs in 277 OT verses. KJV: four. See also: Genesis 2:10; Judges 20:47; Esther 9:21.
לַ/חֹ֥דֶשׁ chôdesh H2320 "month" Prep | N-ms
The Hebrew term for month, specifically referring to the new moon and the lunar cycle, as described in the book of Exodus and the festivals of Israel. It marks the beginning of a new month in the Hebrew calendar.
Definition: : month 1) the new moon, month, monthly 1a) the first day of the month 1b) the lunar month
Usage: Occurs in 224 OT verses. KJV: month(-ly), new moon. See also: Genesis 7:11; 1 Chronicles 3:4; Psalms 81:4.
הַ/תְּשִׁעִ֖י tᵉshîyʻîy H8671 "ninth" Art | Adj
In biblical Hebrew, this word represents the number nine in ordinal form, meaning something is ninth in a sequence or list. It is used to count events or items.
Definition: ninth (as ordinal number)
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: ninth. See also: Leviticus 25:22; Ezra 10:9; Jeremiah 36:9.
בְּ/כִסְלֵֽו Kiçlêv H3691 "Chislev" Prep | N-proper
Chislev is the 9th month of the Hebrew calendar, corresponding to November and December, as mentioned in Nehemiah 1:1. It's a time of reflection and preparation for the coming year.
Definition: § Chisleu = "his confidence" the 9th month of the calendar corresponding to Nov-Dec
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Chisleu. See also: Nehemiah 1:1; Zechariah 7:1.

Study Notes — Zechariah 7:1

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Nehemiah 1:1 These are the words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah: In the month of Chislev, in the twentieth year, while I was in the citadel of Susa,
2 Ezra 6:14–15 So the Jewish elders built and prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah son of Iddo. They finished building according to the command of the God of Israel and the decrees of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes, kings of Persia. And this temple was completed on the third day of the month of Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.
3 Zechariah 1:1 In the eighth month of the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Zechariah son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, saying:
4 Haggai 2:10 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to Haggai the prophet, saying,
5 Haggai 2:20 For the second time that day, the twenty-fourth day of the month, the word of the LORD came to Haggai, saying,

Zechariah 7:1 Summary

Zechariah 7:1 tells us that God spoke to the prophet Zechariah on a specific day and month, during the reign of King Darius, which was a time of great change and restoration for the Jewish people, as seen in Ezra 6:1-12. This verse reminds us that God is always speaking to His people, and we need to be attentive to His voice, as encouraged in Psalm 119:105 and Isaiah 50:4-5. Just like Zechariah, we can experience God's guidance and direction in our lives when we listen to His word and obey His commands, as emphasized in Deuteronomy 6:1-3 and Matthew 4:4. By paying attention to God's timing and His word, we can deepen our relationship with Him and fulfill our purpose, as seen in Jeremiah 29:11 and Romans 8:28.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the historical context of Zechariah 7:1?

Zechariah 7:1 is set in the fourth year of King Darius, which is around 518 BC, as the word of the LORD came to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Chislev, a time when the Jews were rebuilding the temple in Jerusalem, as mentioned in Ezra 5:1-2 and Haggai 1:1.

Who is King Darius and what is his significance in the Bible?

King Darius is a Persian king who allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple, as seen in Ezra 6:1-12, and his reign is a significant period in the history of the Jewish people, marking a time of restoration and renewal, similar to the time of Nehemiah in Nehemiah 2:1-10.

What is the month of Chislev and its importance in the Jewish calendar?

The month of Chislev is the ninth month of the Jewish calendar, and it is a time of preparation for the feast of Hanukkah, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem, as mentioned in John 10:22, and it is also a time of reflection and prayer for the Jewish people, as seen in Zechariah 7:1-14.

How does Zechariah 7:1 relate to the overall message of the book of Zechariah?

Zechariah 7:1 introduces a new section in the book of Zechariah, which focuses on the people's response to God's word and their desire to know how to please Him, as seen in Zechariah 7:2-14, and it highlights the importance of obedience and faithfulness to God's commands, as emphasized in Deuteronomy 6:1-3 and Jeremiah 7:23.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean for the word of the LORD to come to someone, and how can I experience this in my own life, as described in 1 Samuel 3:1-10?
  2. How does the timing of Zechariah 7:1, in the fourth year of King Darius, relate to the fulfillment of God's promises, as seen in Jeremiah 25:11 and Daniel 9:2?
  3. What can I learn from the fact that Zechariah received the word of the LORD on a specific day and month, and how can I be more attentive to God's timing in my life, as encouraged in Psalm 90:12 and Ephesians 5:15-17?
  4. How does Zechariah 7:1 set the stage for the rest of the chapter, and what are the key themes and messages that emerge, as seen in Zechariah 7:2-14 and 8:1-23?

Gill's Exposition on Zechariah 7:1

And it came to pass, in the fourth year of King Darius,.... Near two years after the foundation of the temple was laid, Haggai 2:10 and near two years before it was finished, Ezra 6:15 when the work

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Zechariah 7:1

And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chisleu; In the fourth year of king Darius - two

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Zechariah 7:1

CHAPTER 7 The Jews having sent to inquire concerning the set fasts, , Zechariah reproveth the hypocrisy of their fasts, . They are exhorted by repentance to remove the cause of their calamity, . It came to pass; a most usual form of speech, introductory to what shall afterwards be spoken. In the fourth year; when the Jews had now been two years in building the temple, and probably it was in good forwardness. Of king Darius; son of Hystaspes, about A. M, 3487, as Arch. bishop Usher in his Annals. In Chisleu; part of our November and December, when half the time of building the temple was spent.

Trapp's Commentary on Zechariah 7:1

Zechariah 7:1 And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, [that] the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth [day] of the ninth month, [even] in Chisleu;Ver. 1. In the fourth year of king Darius] Two years and a month after the former sermon. The word of the Lord was precious in those days. "The Lord gave the word": but it cannot be said that "great was the company of those that preached it," Psalms 68:11; during the captivity they complained that there was no more any prophets; neither any among them that knew how long their misery should last. Soon after their return God stirred them up Haggai and Zechariah; and after that Malachi; and then there was Chathimath chazon, as the Jews phrase it, a sealing up or end of prophecy. Only they had Bath-col, as they call it, a voice from heaven, sometimes, as Matthew 3:17 John 12:28. This and the pool of Bethesda only were left them as extraordinary signs of God’ s love to that people. But for a punishment of their killing the prophets (as they did this Zechariah between the porch and the altar, Matthew 23:37) and stoning those that were sent unto them (as they did the other Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada), they had no more prophets till the arch-prophet and his forerunner, the Baptist, came. And now also by this long vacation of two years and a month, it appeareth that preachers were rare, and that sermons they had but seldom. Neither was it otherwise here in England at the first reformation; for to many churches (for want of preachers) readers were sent. Whence one of the martyrs wished that every able minister might have ten congregations committed to his charge till further provision could be made. The word of the Lord came unto Zechariah] The Lord is said to come to Balaam, Abimelech, Laban, &c. But he never entrusted his word to these profane persons; as he did to the holy prophets, of whom it is said, as here, "The word of the Lord came unto them." In the fourth day of the ninth month] Which answereth to our November. Why the precise time of the prophecies is set down -

Ellicott's Commentary on Zechariah 7:1

VII. THE INQUIRY THE OF THE FASTS. (1) Fourth year . . . This was in B.C. 518, the second year after the commencement of the re-building of the Temple, and about two years before its completion.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Zechariah 7:1

CHAPTER VII Some Jews being sent from those who remained at Babylon to inquire of the priests and prophets at Jerusalem whether they were still bound to observe those fasts which had been appointed on occasion of the destruction of Jerusalem, and kept during the captivity, the prophet is commanded to take this opportunity of enforcing upon them the weightier matters of the law, judgment and mercy, that they might not incur such calamities as befell their fathers. He also intimates that in their former fasts they had regarded themselves more than God; and that they had rested too much on the performance of external rites, although the former prophets had largely insisted on the superior excellence of moral duties, 1-14. NOTES ON CHAP. VII Verse 1. The fourth year of King Darius] Two years after they began to rebuild the temple, see Zechariah 1:1, A.M. 3486. The ninth month, even in Chisleu] This answers to a part of our November and December. The names of the month appear only under and after the captivity.

Cambridge Bible on Zechariah 7:1

Chap. Zechariah 7:1-3. The Deputation and their Question 1. in the fourth year] This was nearly two years after Zechariah saw his visions (Zechariah 1:7), and about the same time before the completion of the Temple (Ezra 6:15). See General Introd. chap. II. p. 18. Chisleu] Chislev. R. V.

Barnes' Notes on Zechariah 7:1

In the fourth year of Darius - Two years after the series of visions, shown to him, and two years before the completion of the temple. Chisleu being December, it was the end of 518 b.c.

Whedon's Commentary on Zechariah 7:1

OF MORAL AND , Zechariah 7:1 to Zechariah 8:23.After a silence of nearly two years the voice of Zechariah was heard again.

Sermons on Zechariah 7:1

SermonDescription
Zac Poonen From Babylon to Jerusalem - (Zechariah) ch.5:5 - 8:13 by Zac Poonen In this sermon, the preacher discusses the four spirits of heaven mentioned in Revelation 7. These spirits are sent forth by God to execute tasks of judgment. The preacher emphasiz
John W. Bramhall Studies in Zechariah 09 Zechariah 10: by John W. Bramhall In this sermon, the speaker discusses the false shepherds who have misled God's people and brought upon them the anger of God. However, amidst the judgment, there is a promise that
Carter Conlon A Call to Those Who Care About the Honor of God by Carter Conlon In this sermon, the preacher discusses the presence of thieves in the house of God in our generation, stealing the presence of God. He references Nehemiah chapter 13 verse 19, wher
Warren Wiersbe The Man Who Recognized Greatness by Warren Wiersbe In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of leadership in the work of God. He highlights examples from the Bible where God used leaders to accomplish His plans, such a
John Hunter Nehemiah - Service for God by John Hunter In this sermon, the speaker focuses on the importance of building a community rather than just physical walls. He emphasizes that it is not enough to protect what is inside, but to
Peter Maiden Will They Follow by Peter Maiden In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of having a clear objective in the work of God. He encourages the audience to think about their long-term and short-term goals
David Wilkerson A Call to Anguish (Text Transcription) by David Wilkerson David Wilkerson delivers a powerful sermon titled 'A Call to Anguish,' emphasizing the urgent need for true anguish in prayer and the church's current state of passivity. He lament

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate