Zephaniah 1:13
Zephaniah 1:13 in Multiple Translations
Their wealth will be plundered and their houses laid waste. They will build houses but not inhabit them, and plant vineyards but never drink their wine.
Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine thereof.
And their wealth shall become a spoil, and their houses a desolation: yea, they shall build houses, but shall not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but shall not drink the wine thereof.
And their wealth will be violently taken away, and their houses will be made waste: they will go on building houses and never living in them, and planting vine-gardens but not drinking the wine from them.
Their possessions will be looted; their houses will be demolished. They will build houses, but not live in them; they will plant vineyards, but not drink the wine.
Therefore their goods shall be spoyled, and their houses waste: they shall also build houses, but not inhabite them, and they shall plant vineyards, but not drinke the wine thereof.
And their wealth hath been for a spoil, And their houses for desolation, And they have built houses, and do not inhabit, And they have planted vineyards, And they do not drink their wine.
Their wealth will become a plunder, and their houses a desolation. Yes, they will build houses, but won’t inhabit them. They will plant vineyards, but won’t drink their wine.
Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them ; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine of them.
And their strength shall become a booty, and their houses as a desert: and they shall build houses, and shall not dwell in them: and they shall plant vineyards, and shall not drink the wine of them.
But I say that their valuable possessions will be plundered/stolen by their enemies, and their houses will be destroyed. They will build new homes, but they will not live in them; they will plant vineyards, but they will never drink any wine made from grapes that grow there.”
Berean Amplified Bible — Zephaniah 1:13
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Zephaniah 1:13 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וְ/הָיָ֤ה
חֵילָ/ם֙
לִ/מְשִׁסָּ֔ה
וּ/בָתֵּי/הֶ֖ם
לִ/שְׁמָמָ֑ה
וּ/בָנ֤וּ
בָתִּים֙
וְ/לֹ֣א
יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ
וְ/נָטְע֣וּ
כְרָמִ֔ים
וְ/לֹ֥א
יִשְׁתּ֖וּ
אֶת
יֵינָֽ/ם
וְ/הָיָ֤ה
hâyâh
H1961
to be
Conj | V-Qal-3ms
חֵילָ/ם֙
chayil
H2428
Helech
N-ms | Suff
לִ/מְשִׁסָּ֔ה
mᵉshiççâh
H4933
plunder
Prep | N-fs
וּ/בָתֵּי/הֶ֖ם
bayith
H1004
place
Conj | N-mp | Suff
לִ/שְׁמָמָ֑ה
shᵉmâmâh
H8077
Desolate
Prep | N-fs
וּ/בָנ֤וּ
bânâh
H1129
to build
Conj | V-Qal-3cp
בָתִּים֙
bayith
H1004
place
N-mp
וְ/לֹ֣א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Conj | Part
יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ
yâshab
H3427
to dwell
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp
וְ/נָטְע֣וּ
nâṭaʻ
H5193
to plant
Conj | V-Qal-3cp
כְרָמִ֔ים
kerem
H3754
vineyard
N-cp
וְ/לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Conj | Part
יִשְׁתּ֖וּ
shâthâh
H8354
to drink
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
יֵינָֽ/ם
yayin
H3196
wine
N-ms | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Zephaniah 1:13
וְ/הָיָ֤ה
hâyâh
H1961
"to be"
Conj | V-Qal-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
חֵילָ/ם֙
chayil
H2428
"Helech"
N-ms | Suff
This word represents strength, might, or power, whether physical, financial, or military. In the Bible, it's used to describe the strength of God or the wealth of a nation, as seen in Deuteronomy 8:17-18.
Definition: § Helech = "your army" a place near Arvad and Gammad
Usage: Occurs in 221 OT verses. KJV: able, activity, ([phrase]) army, band of men (soldiers), company, (great) forces, goods, host, might, power, riches, strength, strong, substance, train, ([phrase]) valiant(-ly), valour, virtuous(-ly), war, worthy(-ily). See also: Genesis 34:29; 2 Chronicles 13:3; Psalms 18:33.
לִ/מְשִׁסָּ֔ה
mᵉshiççâh
H4933
"plunder"
Prep | N-fs
Meshissah means plunder or spoil, referring to the booty or spoils of war, like the treasures or riches taken from an enemy, as seen in the conquests of the Israelites.
Definition: booty, spoil, plunder Also means: me.shu.sah (מְשׁוּסָה "spoil" H4882)
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: booty, spoil. See also: 2 Kings 21:14; Jeremiah 30:16; Isaiah 42:22.
וּ/בָתֵּי/הֶ֖ם
bayith
H1004
"place"
Conj | N-mp | Suff
The Hebrew word for house refers to a dwelling place, including a family home, temple, or even the human body. It appears in various contexts, such as the temple in Jerusalem or the household of a family. In the Bible, it is often used to describe a place of worship or a family's living space.
Definition: nm place, origin, between
Usage: Occurs in 1712 OT verses. KJV: court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out). See also: Genesis 6:14; Exodus 8:5; Numbers 1:45.
לִ/שְׁמָמָ֑ה
shᵉmâmâh
H8077
"Desolate"
Prep | N-fs
This word refers to the state of being devastated or wasted, often used to describe the results of war or God's judgment. In Ezekiel 33:28, it describes the desolation of Israel. It's about a place being left empty and destroyed.
Definition: devastation, waste, desolation Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Usage: Occurs in 54 OT verses. KJV: (laid, [idiom] most) desolate(-ion), waste. See also: Exodus 23:29; Ezekiel 14:16; Isaiah 1:7.
וּ/בָנ֤וּ
bânâh
H1129
"to build"
Conj | V-Qal-3cp
The Hebrew word bânâh means to build something, like a house or a family. It can also mean to establish or repair something, and is used in various contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: 1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to build, rebuild 1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family) 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be built 1b2) to be rebuilt 1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.) 1b4) established (made permanent) 1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine) Aramaic equivalent: be.nah (בְּנָה "to build" H1124)
Usage: Occurs in 345 OT verses. KJV: (begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make, repair, set (up), [idiom] surely. See also: Genesis 2:22; 1 Kings 8:48; 2 Chronicles 20:8.
בָתִּים֙
bayith
H1004
"place"
N-mp
The Hebrew word for house refers to a dwelling place, including a family home, temple, or even the human body. It appears in various contexts, such as the temple in Jerusalem or the household of a family. In the Bible, it is often used to describe a place of worship or a family's living space.
Definition: nm place, origin, between
Usage: Occurs in 1712 OT verses. KJV: court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out). See also: Genesis 6:14; Exodus 8:5; Numbers 1:45.
וְ/לֹ֣א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Conj | Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ
yâshab
H3427
"to dwell"
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Definition: 1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to sit, sit down 1a2) to be set 1a3) to remain, stay 1a4) to dwell, have one's abode 1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited 1c) (Piel) to set, place 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to sit 1d2) to cause to abide, set 1d3) to cause to dwell 1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited 1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to) 1e) (Hophal) 1e1) to be inhabited 1e2) to make to dwell Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
Usage: Occurs in 977 OT verses. KJV: (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry. See also: Genesis 4:16; Leviticus 25:18; Joshua 13:6.
וְ/נָטְע֣וּ
nâṭaʻ
H5193
"to plant"
Conj | V-Qal-3cp
To plant or establish something, like in Genesis 2:8 where God planted a garden in Eden. It can also mean to fix or fasten something in place.
Definition: 1) to plant, fasten, fix, establish 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to plant 1a2) to plant, establish (fig.) 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be planted 1b2) to be established (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 55 OT verses. KJV: fastened, plant(-er). See also: Genesis 2:8; Isaiah 17:10; Psalms 44:3.
כְרָמִ֔ים
kerem
H3754
"vineyard"
N-cp
A vineyard, or kerem, was a garden or plot of land used for growing vines and other crops. In the Bible, vineyards were often used as a symbol of prosperity and abundance, as seen in the book of Isaiah and the parables of Jesus.
Definition: vineyard
Usage: Occurs in 81 OT verses. KJV: vines, (increase of the) vineyard(-s), vintage. See also H1021 (בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם). See also: Genesis 9:20; Nehemiah 5:11; Psalms 107:37.
וְ/לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Conj | Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
יִשְׁתּ֖וּ
shâthâh
H8354
"to drink"
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to drink, and it's used in many ways, like drinking from a cup or feasting. It's also used to describe being drunk or taking part in a big celebration. We see it in stories like the Last Supper in Matthew 26:27.
Definition: 1) to drink 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to drink 1a1a) of drinking cup of God's wrath, of slaughter, of wicked deeds (fig) 1a2) to feast 1b) (Niphal) to be drunk Aramaic equivalent: she.tah (שְׁתָה "to drink" H8355)
Usage: Occurs in 193 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] assuredly, banquet, [idiom] certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk ([idiom] -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of H8248 (שָׁקָה).) See also: Genesis 9:21; 2 Kings 19:24; Psalms 50:13.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
יֵינָֽ/ם
yayin
H3196
"wine"
N-ms | Suff
The Hebrew word for wine, 'yayin', refers to fermented wine and its effects, including intoxication. It is often mentioned in the Bible in the context of banquets and feasts, such as in the book of Esther.
Definition: wine
Usage: Occurs in 134 OT verses. KJV: banqueting, wine, wine(-bibber). See also: Genesis 9:21; Proverbs 20:1; Psalms 60:5.
Study Notes — Zephaniah 1:13
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Zephaniah 1:13 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Zephaniah 1:13
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Zephaniah 1:13
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
- Trapp's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
- Ellicott's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
- Cambridge Bible on Zephaniah 1:13
- Barnes' Notes on Zephaniah 1:13
- Whedon's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
- Sermons on Zephaniah 1:13
Context — The Day of the LORD
11Wail, O dwellers of the Hollow, for all your merchants will be silenced; all who weigh out silver will be cut off.
12And at that time I will search Jerusalem with lamps and punish the men settled in complacency, who say to themselves, ‘The LORD will do nothing, either good or bad.’
13Their wealth will be plundered and their houses laid waste. They will build houses but not inhabit them, and plant vineyards but never drink their wine.
14The great Day of the LORD is near— near and coming quickly. Listen, the Day of the LORD! Then the cry of the mighty will be bitter. 15That day will be a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day of destruction and desolation, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and blackness,Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amos 5:11 | Therefore, because you trample on the poor and exact from him a tax of grain, you will never live in the stone houses you have built; you will never drink the wine from the lush vineyards you have planted. |
| 2 | Micah 6:15 | You will sow but not reap; you will press olives but not anoint yourselves with oil; you will tread grapes but not drink the wine. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 28:30 | You will be pledged in marriage to a woman, but another man will violate her. You will build a house but will not live in it. You will plant a vineyard but will not enjoy its fruit. |
| 4 | Ezekiel 7:21 | And I will hand these things over as plunder to foreigners and loot to the wicked of the earth, who will defile them. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 15:13 | Your wealth and your treasures I will give up as plunder, without charge for all your sins within all your borders. |
| 6 | Jeremiah 9:19 | For the sound of wailing is heard from Zion: ‘How devastated we are! How great is our shame! For we have abandoned the land because our dwellings have been torn down.’” |
| 7 | Deuteronomy 28:39 | You will plant and cultivate vineyards, but will neither drink the wine nor gather the grapes, because worms will eat them. |
| 8 | Jeremiah 9:11 | “And I will make Jerusalem a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without inhabitant.” |
| 9 | Jeremiah 4:20 | Disaster after disaster is proclaimed, for the whole land is laid waste. My tents are destroyed in an instant, my curtains in a moment. |
| 10 | Ezekiel 22:31 | So I have poured out My indignation upon them and consumed them with the fire of My fury. I have brought their ways down upon their own heads, declares the Lord GOD.” |
Zephaniah 1:13 Summary
This verse is saying that the people who trust in their wealth and material possessions will lose everything. They will work hard to build houses and plant vineyards, but they will not be able to enjoy the fruits of their labor. This is because God is warning them of the dangers of prioritizing wealth and security above their relationship with Him, as seen in 1 Timothy 6:10, where it says that the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil. Instead, we should trust in God's provision and care for us, as promised in Philippians 4:19, where it says that God will supply all our needs according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does it mean for wealth to be plundered and houses laid waste in Zephaniah 1:13?
This means that the people's material possessions and homes will be taken away, likely as a result of God's judgment, as seen in Isaiah 39:6, where the wealth of Judah is plundered by the Babylonians.
Why will the people build houses but not inhabit them in Zephaniah 1:13?
This is a picture of the futility of the people's efforts to secure their own futures apart from God, as warned in Proverbs 10:3, where it says that the Lord does not let the righteous go hungry, but the wealth of the wicked is of no avail.
Is the image of planting vineyards but never drinking their wine a common biblical theme?
Yes, this theme is also seen in Deuteronomy 28:30, where it serves as a warning to the people of Israel that if they disobey God's commands, they will not be able to enjoy the fruits of their labor.
How does this verse relate to the concept of the Day of the Lord in Zephaniah 1:14?
The plundering of wealth and laying waste of houses in Zephaniah 1:13 serves as a warning of the impending judgment that will come on the Day of the Lord, as described in Joel 2:31, where the Day of the Lord is characterized by darkness, gloom, and destruction.
Reflection Questions
- In what ways am I prioritizing material wealth and security over my relationship with God, and how can I adjust my priorities to align with His will?
- How can I cultivate a sense of detachment from worldly possessions, recognizing that they can be taken away at any moment, as warned in Matthew 6:19-21?
- What are some ways that I can use my resources to serve others and advance God's kingdom, rather than simply accumulating wealth for myself, as seen in Acts 2:44-45?
- What does this verse reveal about God's heart towards those who prioritize wealth and material possessions above their relationship with Him, and how can I respond to His warnings in a way that honors Him?
Gill's Exposition on Zephaniah 1:13
Therefore their goods shall become a booty,.... To the enemy; the riches they trusted in, and thought themselves so secure of; and therefore denied divine Providence, which ought to be depended upon
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Zephaniah 1:13
Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine thereof.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
Therefore; as a punishment for other sins, so for this secure, atheistical denial of Providence; though they have denied, they shall feel, and confess, that the evil they suffer is both just, and from my hand too. Their goods; stores in their shops and warehouses, furniture in their chambers, and wardrobes. A booty; a prey divided among the Babylonish soldiers, invading, prevailing, wasting villages and cities. Their houses a desolation; that they may remember the curse threatened in the law, executed on them, and acknowledge that he who gave the law rules by it. Build houses, but not inhabit them, & c.; according to that ,39.
Trapp's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
Zephaniah 1:13 Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit [them]; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine thereof.Ver. 13. Therefore their goads shall become a booty] Their illgotten goods, Zephaniah 1:9; Zephaniah 1:11 (for a proof of my providence which they blushed not to deny), shall be carried away by the Chaldees, to their unmedicinable sorrow and heartbreak, Ecclesiastes 4:1-3. And their houses a desolation] Because built in blood. See Nahum 2:11-12. They shall also build houses, but not inhabit them, &c.] Ex lege mutuatur minas. That they might the more regard his words, the prophet makes use of the menaces of the law, Deuteronomy 28:30; Deuteronomy 28:39, whereof the prophets were interpreters; applying, as here, the general doctrine thereof to the people of their times. To rebuke or exhort men in good words, in God’ s own words, is the readiest way to prevail with them; unless they be Lucifugae scripturarum (as Tertullian saith of the Marcionites and Valentinians), which yet will take hold of them howsoever, Zechariah 1:6.
Ellicott's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
(13) Part of the curse on apostasy in Deuteronomy 28 is, “Thou shalt build an house, and thou shalt not dwell therein: thou shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt not gather the grapes thereof.”
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
Verse 13. Their goods (in which they trust) shall become a booty] To the Chaldeans. They shall have no profit of all their labours. The houses they have built they shall not inhabit; of the wine of the vineyards they have planted, they shall not drink. See Amos 5:11, where we find the same evils threatened.
Cambridge Bible on Zephaniah 1:13
13. The verse implies that the “search” (Zephaniah 1:12) is made by the foe under commission of the Lord; the foe is in quest of spoil, but his acts are the Lord’s “visitation” on the unbelieving. They shall also build houses] and they shall build houses, but not inhabit them. The phrase is a common one signifying that they shall not enjoy the fruit of their labour; meaning, and the houses which they have built they shall not inhabit. Comp. Amos 5:11; Micah 6:15; Deuteronomy 28:30; Deuteronomy 28:39; Isaiah 65:21-22.
Barnes' Notes on Zephaniah 1:13
Therefore their goods - Literally, “And their strength.” It is the simple sequel in God’s Providence. It is a continued narrative.
Whedon's Commentary on Zephaniah 1:13
13. These indifferent and skeptical persons Jehovah will startle from their spiritual slumber when he manifests himself as judge and ruler of the world.
Sermons on Zephaniah 1:13
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Israel's Chastisement by Art Katz | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes that the actions of God in the present times are a demonstration of His power and nature, both in judgment and mercy. The sermon highlights |
|
The Incredible Signs That Follow Those Who Believe by Carter Conlon | In this sermon, the preacher discusses the four judgments that God will bring upon his people. These judgments include the sword to slay, the dogs to tear, the fowls of the heaven, |
|
Living That Grieves the Spirit by A.W. Tozer | James urges believers to experience deep sorrow and wretchedness over their sins, emphasizing the need for genuine repentance and inner penitence rather than external ascetic pract |