1 Kings 9:18 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶֽת־ בַּעֲלָ֛ת וְאֶת־ תַּדְמֹ֥ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃
BSABaalathBaʻălâth [a town in Dan, meaning mistress] andʼêth TamarTâmâr [palm tree, a place in Judah] in the Wildernessmidbâr [desert, open field] [of Judah]ʼerets [the land, a region in Israel]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶֽת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| בַּעֲלָ֛ת | Baalath | Noun proper |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| תַּדְמֹ֥ר | Tadmor | Noun proper |
| בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר | in the wilderness | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | in the land | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Baalath, and Tamar in the Wilderness of Judah, |
| KJV | And Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land, |
| ASV | and Baalath, and Tamar in the wilderness, in the land, |
| YLT | and Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land; |
| WEB | Baalath, Tamar in the wilderness, |
| BBE | And Baalath and Tamar in the waste land, in that land; |
Where they part company is in the rendering of בַּעֲלָ֛ת — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause lists the towns, followed by a prepositional phrase indicating their location.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Kings 9:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Solomon's Building Projectsgenerated
1 Kings 9:18 details the towns that Solomon rebuilt as part of his extensive building efforts in Israel, highlighting Baalath and Tamar as significant locations in the wilderness of Judah. This context emphasizes Solomon's role in establishing and fortifying cities within his kingdom, as also noted in 2 Chronicles 8:4.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 19:44 | Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, |
| 2 | 2 Chronicles 8:4 | He built Tadmor in the wilderness, in addition to all the store cities that he had built in Hamath. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בַּעֲלָ֛ת, ba.'a.Latgenerated
The word בַּעֲלָ֛ת (ba'alath) is a proper noun referring to a town in the territory of Dan, meaning 'mistress'. It signifies a place of importance during the time of Solomon's reign, although little is known about its specific historical context.
As a noun, it is used to denote a specific location, indicating that Baalath was part of Solomon's strategic rebuilding efforts to strengthen his kingdom.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is implied in the context of Solomon's building efforts, with the nouns בַּעֲלָ֛ת and תַּדְמֹ֥ר serving as the main subjects of the clause. The structure lists these towns as part of a larger narrative about Solomon's construction projects.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the towns being named in succession, indicating their significance in the context of Solomon's accomplishments.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the Greek term Βααλάθ to translate בַּעֲלָ֛ת, maintaining the name's identity while adapting it for a Greek-speaking audience. This choice shows a direct correlation between the Hebrew and Greek traditions.
The translation reflects the importance of these locations in the biblical narrative, aligning with the historical significance attributed to them.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Kings 9:18 tells us that Solomon rebuilt two towns, Baalath and Tamar, which are located in the wilderness of Judah. These towns were part of his efforts to strengthen his kingdom and fortify the land.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Baalath means 'mistress' and refers to a town in the territory of Dan.
Tamar, meaning 'palm tree', is also known as Tadmor and was built by Solomon as a strategic city.
The wilderness indicates the geographical setting of these towns, highlighting their strategic location.
These towns reflect Solomon's efforts to expand and fortify his kingdom during his reign.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from Solomon's building projects about leadership and vision?
- How do the names of these towns reflect the culture and values of ancient Israel?
- What significance do you think these locations had for the people living during Solomon's time?
- In what ways can we apply the lessons from Solomon's reign to our own lives today?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 9:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Baalath,.... A city in the tribe of Dan, Joshua 19:44 and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land; or "Tamar", as in the Cetib, or Scriptural reading; for we go according to the marginal reading,
Read John Gill on 1 Kings 9 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land, Baalath - Baalbec, called also Aven, or On (Amos 1:5). But some think that Baalath was in the south of Palestine, near the Shephelah, or Philistines plain (cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 9 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBaalath, in the tribe of Dan, ,44. Tadmor; supposed to be called Tamar, . In the land: this clause may belong either, first, To all the places above mentioned, which are here declared to be in the land of Canaan. But so that clause may seem superfluous; for none would easily think that he would build much out of his own land. Or rather, secondly, To Tadmor, which otherwise being in that wilderness which was the border of the land, might have been presumed to have been out of the land.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 9 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Kings 9:18 And Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land,Ver. 18. In the wilderness, in the land,] i.e., So in the wilderness, as not out of the land of Canaan. Places which were but thinly inhabited, the Jews called wildernesses.
Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 9 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) Baalath is said by Josephus to have been in the same neighbourhood; and this agrees with the mention of it in Joshua 19:44, as lying in the region assigned to Dan, on the edge of the Philistine country. The three, Gezer, Beth-horon, and Baalath, evidently form a group of fortified places commanding the passes from the sea-coast.Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land.—The Hebrew text here has Tamar (with, however, Tadmor as a marginal reading). From this fact, and from the peculiar expression “in the land,” which certainly seems to designate the land of Israel, and from the juxtaposition of the name in this passage with the names of places situated in the southern part of Palestine, it…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Kings 9 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. And Tadmor in the wilderness] This is almost universally allowed to be the same with the celebrated Palmyra, the ruins of which remain to the present day, and give us the highest idea of Solomon's splendour and magnificence. Palmyra stood upon a fertile plain surrounded by a barren desert, having the river Euphrates on the east. The ruins are well described by Messrs. Dawkes and Wood, of which they give fine representations. They are also well described in the ancient part of the Universal History, vol. i., p. 367-70. The description concludes thus: "The world never saw a more glorious city; the pride, it is likely, of ancient times, and the reproach of our own; a city not more…
Read AdamClarke on 1 Kings 9 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18. and Baalath] This place is mentioned (Joshua 19:44) among the places which fell to the tribe of Dan, and must therefore have been on the border of the country of the Philistines, and for that reason we may presume that it was included among the places which Solomon strengthened. and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land] Here the Hebrew text reads Tamar, and Tadmor is only given on the margin (Keri). The R.V. adopts the reading of the text, probably because of the words ‘in the land.’ All the places mentioned here lie in Palestine, and we know from Ezekiel (Ezekiel 47:19, Ezekiel 48:28) that there was a city Tamar on the south border of the Holy Land, which was towards the wilderness.…
Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 9 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTadmor - The Hebrew text here has, as written, Tamor (or Tamar), and as read, Tadmor.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 9 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Baalath, and Tamar in the Wilderness of Judah,
Baalath, Tamar in the wilderness,
Baalath, and Tamar in the Wilderness of Judah,
Baalath, Tadmor in the wilderness,
Tyndale line
And Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land,
and Baalath, and Tamar in the wilderness, in the land,
and Baalath, and Tamar in the wilderness, in the land,
And Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land,
And Baalath and Tamor in the wildernes of the land,
Strictly literal
and Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land,
and Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land;
and Ba‘alath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land,
And Ba'alath, and Thadmor in the wilderness, in the land,
Baalath and Tamar in the wilderness in the land of Judah,
From the Latin
And Baalath, and Palmira in the land of the wilderness.
Simplified
Baalath and Tamar in the wilderness, in the land of Judah,
And Baalath and Tamar in the waste land, in that land;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the same towns, וְאֶֽת־ בַּעֲלָ֛ת וְאֶת־ תַּדְמֹ֥ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃, confirming the consistency of the text across witnesses. The Septuagint matches only three of the six words, indicating some variation in word order but retaining the essential names.
וְאֶֽת־ בַּעֲלָ֛ת וְאֶת־ תַּדְמֹ֥ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃
3 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 9:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · particleHC/To
בַּעֲלָת (Ba`alath) refers to a location in Palestine, specifically a city in the territory of Dan. The term is derived from a root meaning 'mistressship.' It is noted in various lexicons primarily as a proper noun, with no significant disagreement among sources.
בַּעֲלָת n.pr.loc. a city of Dan
base
H1191 בַּעֲלָת
1191 Ba`alath bah-al-awth'
a modification of 1172; mistressship; Baalath, a place in
Palestine:--Baalath.
see HEBREW for 01172
בַּעֲלָת (ba.a.lat) — Baalath.
§ Baalath = "mistress"
a town in Dan
בַּעֲלָת (ba.a.lat) — Baalath.
§ Baalath = "mistress"
a town in Dan
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
ba'-a-lath ba`alath; (A, Baalon): between Shikkeron (Ekron) and Jabnoel unless, as seems probable, the suggestion of M. Clermont-Ganneau (Rev. Crit, 1897, 902) is correct that for har ( = "mount"), we should read nahar ("river"). In this case the border in question would be the Nahr rubin. Here there is an annual feast held--attended by all classes and famous all over Syria--which appears to be a real survival of "Baal worship."
(1) A town on the border of Da (Jos 19:44) associated with Eltekeh and Gibbethon--possibly Bela`in.
(2) ("Mistress-ship"): A store city of Solomon, mentioned with Beth-horon (1Ki 9:18; 2Ch 8:6) and possibly the same as (1).
Baalath
A town of the tribe of Dan (Josh. 19:44). It was fortified by Solomon (1 Kings 9:18; 2 Chr. 8:6). Some have identified it with Bel’ain, in Wady Deir Balut.
[BAAL, Nos. 3,4]
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
תַּדְמֹר (Tadmor) refers to a city built by Solomon, identified with Palmyra. The name is derived from the Hebrew word for 'palm tree'. It appears in 1 Kings 9:18, and is linked to the name תָמָר (Tamar), which also means 'palm tree'.
תַּדְמֹר n.pr.loc. built by Solomon; Tadmor = Palmyra
base
H8412 תַּדְמֹר, תַּמֹּר
8412 Tadmor tad-more'
or Tammor (1 Kings 9:18) {tam-more'}; apparently from 8558;
palm-city; Tadmor, a place near Palestine:--Tadmor.
see HEBREW for 08558
תַּדְמֹר (tad.mor) — Tadmor.
Tadmor = "palm tree"
a city built by Solomon after his conquest of Hamath-zobah
Also named: ta.mar (תָּמָר "Tamar" H8559K)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
tad'-mor, tad'-mor (tadhmor): A city built by Solomon in the wilderness (2Ch 8:4), the Roman Palmyra. Tadmor is the native name and is found on inscriptions. It occurs also in the Kere of 1Ki 9:18, where the Kethibh or consonants read "Tamar" (compare Eze 47:19; 48:28). It is famous in Arabian as well as in Hebrew literature, and enters Roman history in connection with Zenobia and Longinus. The inscriptions, which belong for the most part to the latter period (266-73 AD), have been published by Dawkins and Wood and also by M. Waddington and the Duc de Luynes. Popular works on the subject are An Account of Palmyra and Zenobia by W. Wright, and The Last Days and Fall of Palmyra by W. Ware.
See TAMAR.
Thomas Hunter Weir
Tadmor
Palm, a city built by Solomon “in the wilderness” (2 Chr. 8:4). In 1 Kings 9:18, where the word occurs in the Authorized Version, the Hebrew text and the Revised Version read “Tamar,” which is properly a city on the southern border of Palestine and toward the wilderness (comp. Ezek. 47:19; 48:28). In 2 Chr. 8:14 Tadmor is mentioned in connection with Hamath-zobah. It is called Palmyra by the Greeks and Romans. It stood in the great Syrian wilderness, 176 miles from Damascus and 130 from the Mediterranean and was the centre of a vast commercial traffic with Western Asia. It was also an important military station. (See SOLOMON.) “Remains of ancient temples and palaces…
(city of palms), called "Tadmor in the wilderness," is the same as the city known to the Greeks and Romans under the name of Palmyra. It lay between the Euphrates and Hamath, to the southeast of that city, in a fertile tract or oasis of the desert. Being situated at a convenient distance from both the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf, it had great advantages for caravan traffic. It was built by Solomon after his conquest of Hamath-zobah. (1 Kings 9:18; 2 Chronicles 8:4) As the city is-nowhere else mentioned in the Bible, it would be out of place to enter into a detailed history of it. In the second century A.D. it seems to have been beautified by the emperor Hadrian. In the beginning of the third century --211-217 A.D.-- it became a Roman colony under Caracalla. Subsequently…
the palm-tree; bitterness
מִדְבָּר (midbar) primarily means 'mouth' in the sense of an organ of speech, but it also refers to 'wilderness' or 'desert.' The word is derived from a root meaning to drive, suggesting open fields for pasturing cattle. It encompasses various forms of uninhabited land and is notably used in contexts related to the wilderness, such as the Wilderness of Sinai.
[מִדְבָּר] n.m. mouth, as organ of speech, Ct 4:3
ref
מִדְבָר 270 n.m. wilderness
tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds
uninhabited land
large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities
fig.
base
H4057a מִדְבָּר mouth, as organ of speech H4057b מִדְבָר wilderness
4057 midbar mid-bawr'
from 1696 in the sense of driving; a pasture (i.e. open
field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert;
also speech (including its organs):--desert, south, speech,
wilderness.
see HEBREW for 01696
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — mouth.
1) mouth
1a) mouth (as organ of speech)
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — wilderness.
1) wilderness
1a) pasture
1b) uninhabited land, wilderness
1c) large tracts of wilderness (around cities)
1d) wilderness (fig.)
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — Wilderness (of Sinai).
This name means wilderness, uninhabited land
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
wil'-der-nes.
See DESERT; JUDAEA, WILDERNESS OF; WANDERINGS OF ISRAEL.
Wilderness
(1.) Heb. midhbar, denoting not a barren desert but a district or region suitable for pasturing sheep and cattle (Ps. 65:12; Isa. 42:11; Jer. 23:10; Joel 1:19; 2:22); an uncultivated place. This word is used of the wilderness of Beersheba (Gen. 21:14), on the southern border of Palestine; the wilderness of the Red Sea (Ex. 13:18); of Shur (15:22), a portion of the Sinaitic peninsula; of Sin (17:1), Sinai (Lev. 7:38), Moab (Deut. 2:8), Judah (
See DESERT.
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
((1) 'erets;
(2) 'adhamah;
(3) sadheh,
"a piece of land";
(4) ge, "earth";
(5) agros, "field";
(6) chora, "region";
(7) chorion, diminutive of chora;
(8) xeros, "dry land";
(9) 'ezrach, "native" the King James Version "born in the land," "born among you," the Revised Version (British and American) "home-born" (Le 19:34; 14:16; Nu 15:30); "like a green tree in its native soil" (Ps 37:35)):
→ Appeared on the third creative day Ge 1:9
→ Original title to, from God Ge 13:14-17; 15:7; Ex 23:31; Le 25:23
→ Bought and sold Ge 23:3-18; 33:19; Ac 4:34; 5:1-8
→ Sale and redemption of, laws concerning Le 25:15,16,23-33; 27:17-24; Nu 36:4; Jer 32:7-16,25,44; Eze 46:18