Ezekiel 13:12 — Word Study
WLCוְהִנֵּ֖ה נָפַ֣ל הַקִּ֑יר הֲלוֹא֙ יֵאָמֵ֣ר אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אַיֵּ֥ה הַטִּ֖יחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר טַחְתֶּֽם׃ ס
BSASurelyhinnêh when the wallqîyr [physical or spiritual barrier] has fallennâphal■ [collapsed, been defeated] you will notlôʼ be askedʼâmar▸ [inquired of, questioned] Whereʼayêh is the whitewashṭîyach△ [coating, plaster] with whichʼăsher [by means of, through] you covered itṭûwach■ [overspread, smeared, the wall, the structure]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהִנֵּ֖ה | and there! | Conjunction, particle |
| נָפַ֣ל | it has fallen | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| הַקִּ֑יר | the wall | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| הֲלוֹא֙ | ¿ not | Particle, particle |
| יֵאָמֵ֣ר | will it be said | Verb, Niphal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם | to you | Preposition, suffix |
| אַיֵּ֥ה | where? | Particle |
| הַטִּ֖יחַ | [is] the plaster | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אֲשֶׁ֥ר | which | Particle |
| טַחְתֶּֽם׃ ס | you plastered | Verb, Qal, perfect second person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Surely when the wall has fallen, you will not be asked, ‘Where is the whitewash with which you covered it?’ |
| KJV | Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it? |
| ASV | Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it? |
| YLT | And lo, fallen hath the wall! Doth not one say unto you, Where [is] the daubing that ye daubed? |
| WEB | Behold, when the wall has fallen, won’t it be said to you, “Where is the plaster with which you have plastered it?” |
| BBE | And when the wall has come down, will they not say to you, Where is the whitewash which you put on it? |
Where they part company is in the translation of הַקִּ֑יר — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with two subordinate clauses, emphasizing the consequences of the wall's collapse and the subsequent questioning.





6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbנָפַל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 13:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment Against False Securitygenerated
Ezekiel 13:12 is part of a message where God, through Ezekiel, condemns those who provide false hope by superficially covering up the true state of affairs. The wall symbolizes a false sense of security that will ultimately fail, leading to inevitable questioning about the inadequate measures taken to protect it. This passage is a warning against relying on empty assurances instead of true faith and integrity.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 32:37 | He will say: “Where are their gods, the rock in which they took refuge, |
| 2 | Judges 9:38 | “Where is your gloating now?” Zebul replied. “You said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ Are these not the people you ridiculed? Go out now and fight them!” |
| 3 | Judges 10:14 | Go and cry out to the gods you have chosen. Let them save you in your time of trouble.” |
| 4 | 2 Kings 3:13 | Elisha, however, said to the king of Israel, “What have we to do with each other? Go to the prophets of your father and of your mother!” “No,” replied the king of Israel, “for it is the LORD who has summoned these three kings to deliver them into the hand of Moab.” |
| 5 | Jeremiah 2:28 | But where are the gods you made for yourselves? Let them rise up in your time of trouble and save you if they can; for your gods are as numerous as your cities, O Judah. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — טַחְתֶּם, tach.Temgenerated
The verb טוּחַ (tuach) means to smear or overspread, specifically referring to the act of applying a layer of plaster or coating. It conveys the idea of superficially covering something, which in this context refers to the inadequate attempts to secure the wall against impending disaster.
This action reflects a broader theme of false security; the whitewash represents a deceptive appearance that fails to provide real protection. The verb is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action that has ongoing implications.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the phrase is rendered as you plastered, which aligns with the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יֵאָמֵ֣ר, will it be said, governs the sentence, with a series of phrases providing context and detail. The structure emphasizes the questioning that will follow the wall's collapse.
The sentence is built around the main clause, with subordinate clauses and phrases that elaborate on the action of falling and the inquiry about the covering, creating a layered meaning that reflects the consequences of false security.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the Greek word ἠλείψατε to translate טַחְתֶּם, which means 'you plastered.' This choice emphasizes the act of applying a superficial layer, suggesting a similar critique of false appearances.
The translation aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, reinforcing the idea that the covering is inadequate against the impending judgment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 13:12 warns that when the wall falls, those who whitewashed it will not be able to escape questioning about their actions. The wall represents a false sense of security, and the inquiry emphasizes the futility of superficial measures in the face of judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The wall symbolizes a false sense of security, representing superficial measures taken to protect against impending disaster.
Whitewashing implies covering up or disguising the true condition of the wall, which ultimately fails to provide real protection.
The questioning reflects accountability for relying on false security and inadequate measures instead of genuine protection.
This verse underscores the theme of judgment against those who provide false hope and security, highlighting the consequences of superficiality.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life might I be relying on superficial measures instead of seeking true security?
- How can I ensure that I am addressing the real issues rather than just covering them up?
- What steps can I take to build a stronger foundation in my faith?
- How does this warning about false security apply to our community today?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 13:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleLo, when the wall is fallen,.... Jerusalem is taken: shall it not be said unto you; the false prophets, by the people who had been deceived by them: where [is] the daubing wherewith ye have daubed [it]?
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryLo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it? When the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 13 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWill not men thenceforth laugh you to scorn? you that built, you that daubed, you that applauded the wall, will they not upbraid you with your folly?
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 13 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 13:12 Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where [is] the daubing wherewith ye have daubed [it]?Ver. 12. Lo, when the wall is fallen.] As fall it will, and with a force, because made of ill mortar; and they that stand under it for shelter shall perish, as did sometimes seven and twenty thousand of Benhadad’ s men in Aphek. Vocat autem eloquentiara secularem et rhetoricam inanem, lutum sine palea, &c., saith Oecolampadius here - i.e., by untempered mortar is meant worldly eloquence and empty rhetoric in sermons; this is as sand without lime, or as lime without litter, hair, chaff, or the like stuff to hold it together. Where is the daubing?] What is your false…
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 13 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) Where is the daubing?—The basis of all their false prophesying being destroyed by the coming judgments, the folly and falsehood of their words would be exposed to the eyes of all. As it is said in Ezekiel 13:14, the wall itself being thrown down to its very foundation, they who have tried to make the people trust in it shall be overwhelmed in its ruin.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 13 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible12. Where is the daubing — Without God and holiness the defenses of the city are rotten, and the prophet’s work is but the veneer which shall make the wreck more conspicuous.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 13 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Surely when the wall has fallen, you will not be asked, ‘Where is the whitewash with which you covered it?’
Behold, when the wall has fallen, won’t it be said to you, “Where is the plaster with which you have plastered it?”
Surely when the wall has fallen, you will not be asked, ‘Where is the whitewash with which you covered it?’
When the wall has collapsed, people will ask you, “Where is the whitewash you coated it with?”
Tyndale line
Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it?
Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it?
Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it?
Lo, when the wall hath fallen, shall it not be said to you, Where is the daubing with which ye have daubed it ?
Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not bee sayd vnto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye haue daubed it?
Strictly literal
And lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing with which ye have daubed [it]?
And lo, fallen hath the wall! Doth not one say unto you, Where [is] the daubing that ye daubed?
And behold, the wall has fallen! Does one not say to you, Where [is] the coating that you coated?
And, lo, the wall is fallen down; will it not now be said unto you, Where is the plastering wherewith ye have plastered?
See, the wall will fall down. Have others not said to you, “Where is the whitewash that you put on it?”
From the Latin
Behold, when the wall is fallen: shall it not be said to you: Where is the daubing wherewith you have daubed it?
Simplified
Don't you think that when the wall collapses people are going to ask you, ‘What happened to the whitewash you painted it with?’
And when the wall has come down, will they not say to you, Where is the whitewash which you put on it?
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with a direct correspondence between the Hebrew and Greek terms. This consistency highlights the shared understanding of the message regarding false security.
וְהִנֵּ֖ה נָפַ֣ל הַקִּ֑יר הֲלוֹא֙ יֵאָמֵ֣ר אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אַיֵּ֥ה הַטִּ֖יחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר טַחְתֶּֽם׃ ס
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 13:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.
הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!
base
H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!
2009 hinneh hin-nay'
prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.
see HEBREW for 02005
הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.
behold, lo, see, if
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tj
נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.
נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie
Qal 366
fall, by accident
Esp. of violent death
fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
fig. = experience calamity
fall, of a city
Fall prostrate
fall = prostrate oneself before
fall upon one's neck, in embrace
Fall upon = attack
desert or fall away to, go over to
Fig., of deep sleep
Other idiomatic uses
= lie; = lie prostrate
Hiph.
cause to fall
Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
Esp. of casting lot
Fig., let drop, cause to fail
cause deep sleep to fall
Other idioms
Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself
base
H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident
. . Esp. of violent death
. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
. fig. = experience calamity
. fall, of a city
. . Fall prostrate
. fall = prostrate oneself before
. fall upon one's neck, in embrace
. . Fall upon = attack
. desert or fall away to, go over to
. Fig., of deep sleep
. Other idiomatic uses
. = lie; = lie prostrate
. . cause to fall
. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
. Esp. of casting lot
. Fig., let drop, cause to fail
. cause deep sleep to fall
. Other idioms
. throw, or prostrate oneself
5307 naphal naw-fal'
a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications
(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be
accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide
(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall
(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have
(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay
(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,
lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make
to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.
see HEBREW for 06419
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.
: fall/drop/fail
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before
1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of
1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result
1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to
1a7) to lie, lie prostrate
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate
1b2) to overthrow
1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot
1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)
1b5) to cause to fall
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon
1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself
1d) (Pilel) to fall
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.
: deserting
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
קִיר (qir) means 'wall' and can refer to the walls of a house, chamber, or altar sides. It is derived from a root that is not clearly defined. The word appears in contexts such as Isaiah 22:5, where it is used to describe a wall.
קִיר 74 n.m. wall (√ unknown)
base
H7023 קִיר wall (√ unknown)
7023 qiyr keer
or qir (Isa. 22:5) {keer}; or (feminine) qiyrah {kee-raw'};
from 6979; a wall (as built in a trench):--+ mason, side,
town, X very, wall.
see HEBREW for 06979
קִיר (qir) — wall.
1) wall, side
1a) wall (of house or chamber)
1b) the sides (of the altar)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
wol.
See ARCHITECTURE; CITY; FORTIFICATION; HOUSE; JERUSALEM; VILLAGE.
Wall
Cities were surrounded by walls, as distinguished from “unwalled villages” (Ezek. 38:11; Lev. 25:29-34). They were made thick and strong (Num. 13:28; Deut. 3:5). Among the Jews walls were built of stone, some of those in the temple being of great size (1 Kings 6:7; 7:9-12; 20:30; Mark 13:1, 2). The term is used metaphorically of security and safety (Isa. 26:1; 60:18; Rev. 21:12-20). (See FENCE.)
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part | Part — Particle · particleHTi/Tn
אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.
אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say
Qal
Say
Say in the heart (= think)
Promise
Command (esp. late)
Niph. be said, told
Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
Hithp. act proudly, boast
base
H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say
. Say in the heart (= think)
. Promise
. Command (esp. late)
. be said, told
. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
. act proudly, boast
559 'amar aw-mar'
a primitive root; to say (used with great
latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,
certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),
commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X
expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,
publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X
suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),
utter, X verily, X yet.
אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.
1) to say, speak, utter
1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called
1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly
1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch
Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVNi3ms
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
HR/Sp2mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2mp
The Hebrew word אַיֵּה (*'ayeh*) means "where?" and is used as an interrogative adverb. It can refer to the location of persons or things and may also be used rhetorically. The word is derived from a prolonged form of another root, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage in specific verses.
אַיֵּה 46 interr.adv. Where?
base
H346 אַיֵּה Where?
346 'ayeh ah-yay'
prolonged from 335; where?:--where.
see HEBREW for 0335
אַיֵּה (ay.yeh) — where?.
1) where?
1a) of persons, things
1b) rhetorical
Part — ParticleHTi
טִיחַ (tiyach) refers to a type of coating or plaster, specifically used in the context of daubing. The word is derived from a root meaning to cover, and it appears in the Old Testament in Ezekiel 13:12.
טִיחַ n.[m.] a coating, only Ez 13:12.
ref
H2915 טִיחַ
2915 tiyach tee'akh
from (the equiv. of) 2902; mortar or plaster:--daubing.
see HEBREW for 02902
טִיחַ (ti.ach) — coating.
a coating, plaster
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Rel — ParticleHTr
The Hebrew word טוּחַ (*tuwach*) is a primitive root meaning to smear or overspread, often associated with coating or plastering. It has forms in both the Qal and Niphal stems, indicating actions of applying or being coated. The related word טָחַח (*tachach*) specifically refers to being besmeared, appearing only in the Qal perfect form. The entries suggest a focus on physical application, particularly in contexts like construction or artistry.
[טוּחַ] vb. over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear
Qal over-spread, coat
Niph. be coated
base
[טָחַח] vb. be besmeared—only Qal Pf. Is 44:18
ref
H2902a טוּחַ over-spread, over-lay, coat, besmear H2902b טָחַח be besmeared—only Qal Pf.
2902 tuwach too'-akh
a primitive root; to smear, especially with lime:--daub,
overlay, plaister, smut.
טוּחַ (tu.ach) — to overspread.
1) to spread over, overlay, plaster, cover over, coat, besmear
1a) (Qal) to overspread, coat, overlay
1b) (Niphal) to be coated, be plastered
טָחַח (ta.chach) — to be smeared.
(Qal) to be besmeared
V-Qal-Perf-2mp — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine pluralHVqp2mp
