Joshua 15:34 — Word Study
WLCוְזָנ֙וֹחַ֙ וְעֵ֣ין גַּנִּ֔ים תַּפּ֖וּחַ וְהָעֵינָֽם׃
BSAZanoahZânôwach [a city cast off] En-gannimʻÊyn Gannîym [fountain of the garden] TappuahTappûwach [the apple city] EnamʻÊynayim [double spring]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְזָנ֙וֹחַ֙ | and Zanoah | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְעֵ֣ין | and En | Conjunction, noun proper |
| גַּנִּ֔ים | Gannim | Noun proper |
| תַּפּ֖וּחַ | Tappuah | Noun proper |
| וְהָעֵינָֽם׃ | and Enam | Conjunction, particle, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, Enam, |
| KJV | And Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam, |
| ASV | and Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam, |
| YLT | and Zanoah, and En-Gannim, Tappuah, and Enam, |
| WEB | Zanoah, En Gannim, Tappuah, Enam, |
| BBE | And Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam; |
Where they part company is in the specific names of the cities, but all translations agree on the presence of Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam.
The verse consists of a single main clause listing the cities, emphasizing their collective significance.
3 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 15:34
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Cities of Judahgenerated
Joshua 15:34 lists cities located in the foothills of Judah, highlighting the region's settlements. This verse is part of a broader description of the cities and their boundaries, emphasizing the allocation of land among the tribes of Israel, particularly Judah. The cities mentioned here contribute to our understanding of the historical and geographical landscape of ancient Israel.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 15:53 | Janim, Beth-tappuah, Aphekah, |
| 2 | Joshua 12:17 | the king of Tappuah, one; the king of Hepher, one; |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תַּפּוּחַ, ta.Pu.achgenerated
The name תַּפּוּחַ (Tappuah) refers to both a person and a location in ancient Judah. The word is derived from the Hebrew for 'apple,' suggesting the meaning 'the apple city.' It is mentioned in the context of settlements in the lowland of Judah, indicating its significance in the region.
Tappuah is identified as a town in Judah and is also associated with an individual from the tribe of Judah. The parsing indicates it is a noun proper, which confirms its role as a specific place.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of a series of noun phrases listing the cities, with the conjunction וְ (and) connecting them. The structure emphasizes the enumeration of locations, which is typical in ancient texts that catalog places.
Each city name stands as a noun phrase, contributing to the overall list of cities in Judah. The simplicity of the structure reflects the straightforward nature of the geographical listing.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תַּפּוּחַ as part of a list of cities, but the specific Greek word used is not provided in the data. This indicates that the translators aimed to convey the same geographical significance, though the exact term may differ.
The choice of translation in the Septuagint suggests a focus on the cities' identities rather than their specific meanings, which may reflect a broader understanding of the locations among Greek-speaking audiences.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 15:34 lists four cities in Judah: Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam. Each city has its own significance, contributing to the understanding of the region's geography and heritage.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Tappuah means 'the apple city' and is named after the Hebrew word for apple.
These cities are located in the lowland and foothills of Judah.
They represent the historical settlements allocated to the tribe of Judah.
While the names may vary slightly, the translations generally agree on the cities listed.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the historical significance of the cities mentioned in this verse?
- How do the names of these cities reflect the geography and culture of ancient Judah?
- In what ways do these cities play a role in the biblical narrative of the Israelites?
- How can understanding these locations enhance our reading of the book of Joshua?
Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 15:34 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Zanoah,.... The first of these, Jerom says (i), is in the borders of Eleutheropolis, as you go to Aelia (or Jerusalem); there is at this day a village called Zanua; and Engannim, which signifies
Read John Gill on Joshua 15 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Zanoah, and Engannim, Tappuah, and Enam, Zanoah , [ Zaanowach (H2182), or (Nehemiah 11:30) (perhaps marsh, bog, Gesenius); Septuagint, Tanoo and Zanoo, Tischendorf's manuscripts] - now Zanua.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 15 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible34. Zanoah is very probably the modern Zanuah, a little to the east of Zorah.35. Jarmuth was one of the five cities whose kings joined in a league against the Gibeonites, and were defeated in the great battle of Beth-horon.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 15 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, Enam,
Zanoah, En Gannim, Tappuah, Enam,
Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, Enam,
Zanoah, En Gannim, Tappuah, Enam,
Tyndale line
And Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam,
and Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam,
and Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam;
And Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam,
And Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam,
Strictly literal
and Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah and Enam,
and Zanoah, and En-Gannim, Tappuah, and Enam,
and Zanoah, and En-Gannim, Tappuah, and Enam,
And Zanoach, and 'En-gannim, Tappuach, and 'Enam,
Zanoah, En Gannim, Tappuah, Enam,
From the Latin
And Zanoe and Engannim and Taphua and Enaim,
Simplified
Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, Enam,
And Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the cities as וְזָנ֙וֹחַ֙ וְעֵ֣ין גַּנִּ֔ים תַּפּ֖וּחַ וְהָעֵינָֽם׃. The Septuagint matches three of the five words, indicating a level of agreement in the naming of these locations, though it does not provide a direct translation for all terms.
וְזָנ֙וֹחַ֙ וְעֵ֣ין גַּנִּ֔ים תַּפּ֖וּחַ וְהָעֵינָֽם׃
3 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 15:34
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
זָנוֹחַ (zanowach) refers to Zanoah, a name for two locations in Judah, one in the low country and another possibly in the mountains. The word is derived from a root meaning 'rejected' and translates to 'cast off.' There is some ambiguity regarding the exact geographical placement of Zanoah.
זָנוֹחַ n.pr.loc.
Zanu‛a, SE. Ṣorea
a place in the mts.
base
H2182 זָנוֹחַ
2182 Zanowach zaw-no'-akh
from 2186; rejected; Zanoach, the name of two places in
Palestine:--Zanoah.
see HEBREW for 02186
זָנוֹחַ (za.no.ach) — Zanoah.
§ Zanoah = "cast off"
a city in the low country of Judah
זָנוֹחַ (za.no.ach) — Zanoah.
§ Zanoah = "cast off"
a city in the mountains of Judah, perhaps southwest of Hebron
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
za-no'-a (zanoach; Codex Vaticanus Tano; Codex Alexandrinus Zano):
(1) A town in the Judean Shephelah, grouped with Eshtaol, Zorah and Ashnah (Jos 15:34). The Jews reoccupied the place after the exile (Ne 11:30). Here it is named between Jarmuth and Adullam. The inhabitants assisted in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem, repairing the valley gate (Ne 3:13). Eusebius (in Onomasticon) places it at Zanna, in the district of Eleutheropolis on the Jerusalem road. It is represented by the modern Zanu`a, about 10 miles North of Belt Jibrin (Eleutheropolis).
(2) (Codex Vaticanus Zakanaeim; Codex Alexandrinus Zano): A place in the mountains (Jos 15:56) of which Jekuthiel was the…
Zanoah
Marsh. (1.) A town in the low country or shephelah of Judah, near Zorah (Josh. 15:34). It was re-occupied after the return from the Captivity (Neh. 11:30). Zanu’ah in Wady Ismail, 10 miles west of Jerusalem, occupies probably the same site.
(2.) A town in the hill country of Judah, some 10 miles to the south-west of Hebron (Josh. 15:56).
(marsh). A town of Judah in the Shefelah or plain, (Joshua 15:34; Nehemiah 3:13; 11:30) possibly identical with Zanu’a . A town of Judah in the highland district, (Joshua 15:66) not improbably identical with Sanute , about 10 miles south of Hebron. In the genealogical lists of the tribe of Judah in 1 Chron., Jekuthiel is said to have been the father of Zanoah. ch. (1 Chronicles 4:18) As Zanoah is the name of a town of Judah, this mention of Bithiah probably points to some colonization of the place by Egyptians or by Israelites directly from Egypt.
עֵין גַּנִּים n.pr.loc.
in the Shephelah
in Issachar
base
H5873 עֵין גַּנִּים, עָנֵם
5873 `Eyn Ganniym ane gan-neem'
from 5869 and the plural of 1588; fountain of gardens;
En-Gannim, a place in Palestine:--En-gannim.
see HEBREW for 05869
see HEBREW for 01588
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
§ En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city in the low country of Judah
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city on the border of Issachar and allotted to the Gershonite Levites
Also named: a.nem (עָנֵם "Anem" H6046)
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
at the beginning of many Hebrew words, signifies a spring or fountain.
A fountain compounded with many names of towns and places; as En- dor, En-gedi, En-eglaim, En-shemesh, that is, the fountain of Dor, etc.
עֵין גַּנִּים n.pr.loc.
in the Shephelah
in Issachar
base
H5873 עֵין גַּנִּים, עָנֵם
5873 `Eyn Ganniym ane gan-neem'
from 5869 and the plural of 1588; fountain of gardens;
En-Gannim, a place in Palestine:--En-gannim.
see HEBREW for 05869
see HEBREW for 01588
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
§ En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city in the low country of Judah
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city on the border of Issachar and allotted to the Gershonite Levites
Also named: a.nem (עָנֵם "Anem" H6046)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
תַּפֻּחַ (Tappuwach) refers to both a person and a location in ancient Palestine. It denotes a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically the son of Hebron, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:43, and also signifies a town known as 'the apple city,' located in the lowland of Judah and on the border of Ephraim and Manasseh.
תַּפֻּחַ n.pr.m. son of Hebron, acc. to 1 Ch 2:43
ref
תַּפּוּחַ n.pr.loc.
in lowland of Judah
on border between Ephraim and Manasseh
base
H8599a תַּפֻּחַ son of Hebron H8599b תַּפּוּחַ . in lowland of Judah
. on border between Ephraim and Manasseh
8599 Tappuwach tap-poo'-akh
the same as 8598; Tappuach, the name of two places in
Palestine, also of an Israelite:--Tappuah.
see HEBREW for 08598
תַּפֻּחַ (ta.phuch) — Tappuah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.43;
son of: Hebron (H2275I);
brother of: Korah (H7141J), Rekem (H7552I) and Shema (H8087)
§ Tappuah = "the apple city"
a Judaite of the family of Caleb, son of Hebron
תַּפּוּחַ (tap.pu.ach) — Tappuah.
Tappuah = "the apple city"
a town on the border in Ephraim
Also named: en tap.pu.ach (עֵין תַּפּוּחַ "En-tappuah" H5887)
תַּפּוּחַ (tap.pu.ach) — Tappuah.
§ Tappuah = "the apple city"
a town in the lowland of Judah
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Tappuah
Apple-region. (1.) A town in the valley or lowland of Judah; formerly a royal city of the Canaanites (Josh. 12:17; 15:34). It is now called Tuffuh, about 12 miles west of Jerusalem.
(2.) A town on the border of Ephraim (Josh. 16:8). The “land” of Tappuah fell to Manasseh, but the “city” to Ephraim (17:8).
(3.) En-tappuah, the well of the apple, probably one of the springs near Yassuf (Josh. 17:7).
apple; swelling
עֵינַיִם (‘Eynayim) refers to a location in the Shephelah of Judah, identified as a city called Enam, meaning "double spring." This term is derived from the dual form of עַיִן (‘ayin), meaning "fountain" or "eye." It is mentioned in Joshua 15:34.
עֵינָם n.pr.loc. in the Shephelah of Judah, הָע׳ Jos 15:34 = עֵינַיִם
base
H5879 עֵינַיִם = following עֵינָם in the Shephelah of Judah
5879 `Eynayim ay-nah'-yim
or mEynam {ay-nawm'}; dual of 5869; double fountain; Enajim
or Enam, a place in Palestine:--Enaim, openly (Genesis
38:21).
see HEBREW for 05869
עֵינָם (e.na.yim) — Enaim.
§ Enam = "double spring"
a city in the lowlands of Judah
עֵינָם (e.na.yim) — Enam.
§ Enam = "double spring"
a city in the lowlands of Judah
Conj | Art | N-proper — Conjunction · particle · noun properHC/Td/Npl
e'-nam.
See preceding article.
(double spring), one of the cities of Judah int he Shefelah or lowland. (Joshua 15:34)
fountain, open place
→ A city of the tribe of Judah Jos 15:34