010. Chapter 2: Proofs Of Theism.

Chapter 2 Proofs Of Theism.

Arguments in proof of theism are of two kinds: the ontological or a priori, and the a posteriori. Of the former kind there is really only one argument, though it is constructed in different forms. Its principle or ground is a conception of God which is assumed to conclude his existence. The a posteriori arguments are variously named and classed. We shall treat them under the terms cosmological, teleological, and anthropological, and in the order as thus named. These arguments are inductive in logical form, and proceed from phenomena to ground, from particulars to principle or few, from effects to cause. The cosmological is grounded in the principle of causation, and proceeds with the dependence of the cosmos as the requirement of a personal cause. The teleological takes the position of final cause, and proceeds with the evidences of rational purpose in the adjustments of the cosmos. The anthropological, partly cosmological and partly teleological in method, proceeds with facts in the constitution and history of man which evince and require, not only intelligence and will, but also a moral nature in the Author of his existence. These arguments are simple in form, and were in use in this discussion long before the Christian era. They are open to almost limitless elaboration, but may be presented in brief form. This shall be the manner of our own treatment.