In the Altar of Incense Moses describes the Jewish square Cubit, which must be reduced to our Foot measure, thus [1]. The product of these numbers multiplied will be the upper surface of this Altar, 3 ∠ 326,976, that is, three square Feet, and ∠ 326,976 Decimals of a square Foot, which we may express by 47 square Inches, and a few Decimals of an Inch square inconsiderable.

3. THE BOARDS OF THE TABERNACLE.

Moses’s description of the Boards of the Tabernacle, Exod. xxvi. 16, by ten Cubits in length, and one and a half in breadth, naturally leads a man to discern in each Board’s surface 15 Jewish square Cubits; because, if we conceive a line drawn from the end of one Cubit at the bottom of the Board to the end of one Cubit at the top of the Board, this must needs be ten whole square Cubits on one side of that line, and 10 half square Cubits (± 8 whole) on the other side of that line: here therefore are 15 square Cubits. The reduction of these into English square Feet is performed by multiplying 15, viz. the number of Cubits given into 3 ∠ 326,976, the Feet and Decimals of one square Cubit, and the product will be 49 ∠ 90,464, and that is very near to 50 square Feet; for those Decimals amount to above 130 square Inches; and little more than 13 square Inches would make it just 50 Feet, which abatement we need not here regard.

4. THE COURT OF THE TABERNACLE.

Let us now go to the measure of the surface of land. But we will begin with the Court of the Tabernacle, the ground on which the Priests performed all the solemn publick worship of Israel in Moses’s time. The Area of this Court is described by Moses, Exod. xxvii. 18, by its length 100 Cubits,

and its breadth every where 50 Cubits. Wherefore this Area must be in Jewish measure 5000 square Cubits, for that is the product of 100 multiplied into 50. To reduce these 5000 Jewish Cubits into English square Feet, I must multiply 5000 into 3 ∠ 326,976, the product Isaiah 16,634 ∠ 88 English square Feet.

But in cases of such long numbers of Feet, we use for brevity’s sake, and to help our memories, to reduce them into Perches, or Roods, or Acres, which contain known numbers of square Feet. A Perch contains 272 square Feet and 1. A Rood is = to 10,890 square Feet. An Acre is = to 43,560 square Feet. It is plain that the number 16,634 ∠ 88 hath not integers equal to those of an Acre; but it hath enough to answer those in a Rood, and some overplan, therefore I must divide 16,634 ∠ 88 by 10,890, which is a Rood. By such division continued in the Decimal way, until I have a fraction of five or six places, which is exact enough, I find the quote to be 1 ∠ 527,537, which assures me that my number 16,634 ∠ 88 hath but once entirely in it a whole Rood: but it hath moreover in it many Decimal parts of a Rood. These therefore I reduce to the Perches contained in them, by multiplying them into 40, which is the number of Perches that make up a Rood: and cutting off six places from the product, which Isaiah 21 ∠ 101,480; so I find there are 21 Perches entire, and the figures after the Separatrix are Decimals of a Perch. These also I multiply by 272 ∠ 25, which are the square Feet and Decimals of a Perch. The product of this last multiplication, after eight places cut off from it by the Separatrix, because there were six places of Decimals in one of the multipliers, and two in the other, Isaiah 27 ∠ 62,793,000. Hence I learn that there are therein but 27 entire Feet; all the eight Decimal places amount to little above half a Foot, and therefore I cast them away as inconsiderable in the measure of land. This method of reduction by multiplication of Decimals I find to be easier than the common way of reduction by division, and therefore I propose it to be used by beginners in this practice of surveying. So I find this Court to contain in English measure 1 Rood 21 Perches, 27 Feet, and little more than half a Foot squared. But reflecting upon Moses’s measure by Cubits, and finding them to be precisely 5000 square Cubits, I observed that they were just half 10,000, which I had observed from Herodotus’s Excerpta to be the Area of the Egyptian Arouca, by which their land was as generally measured, as ours is by Acres and Roods. See Herodot. l. 2. c. 168. I called also to mind a passage in Manetho, an Egyptian Priest, cited by Josephus in his first book against Apion, where he affirms, that Manetho in his history of the reign, wars, and expulsion, of the Pastors, (whom Africanus affirms to be Pharnicians, or Canaanites, and Josephus vainly believed to be Jews,) wrote out of the publick records of Egypt, that these Pastors made at Ahoris a very large and strong encampment, that encompassed 10,000 Arouca, sufficient to contain 240,000 men, and long to maintain their cattle. Hence it appears, that not only the Egyptians, but the Pharnicians or Canaanites also, that had dwelt among them, and had reigned there during the time of six kings successively, used this measure of land called Arouca. Now this was long before Moses’s time; for the beginning of Arucis or Tuth-

SCRIPTURE MEASURES, WEIGHTS, AND COINS.

meris, who expelled them out of Egypt, was very near the time of Abraham’s death, as appears by the Annals of the learned Primate of Ireland. Wherefore I believe that Moses, who was skilled in all Egyptian learning, especially surveying, did of choice make the Court of the Tabernacle to be just half an Arouva, which was a known measure to him and his people, who had long dwelt in Egypt, and Divine Authority directed him so to do.

5. THE REDUCTION OF AN AROURA IN ENGLISH MEASURES.

Because we have shewn from Herodotus, that an Arouva is the square of 100 Jewish or Egyptian Cubits, and 100 such Cubits may in English Foot measure be expressed by 182 $\angle$ 4 English Feet, it follows, that the square of this number will express exactly the number of the English square Feet that are contained in an Arouva. Now by multiplication of 182 $\angle$ 4 into itself, I find the product to be 33,269 $\angle$ 76: Therefore I conclude that there are 33,269 square Feet entire, and $\angle$ 76 Decimals of a square Foot, in an Arouva. Now to reduce these English square Feet into Roods, Perches, and the remainder of square Feet, I use the method used in the last paragraph: First, I divide them by 10,899, the square Feet in a Rood; and the quote I find 3 $\angle$ 055,074, that is, 3 Roods, and $\angle$ 055,074 Decimals of a Rood. Secondly, I multiply those Decimals by 40, which is the number of Perches in a Rood, the product Isaiah 2 $\angle$ 202,960. Hence I conclude there are therein two Perches, and $\angle$ 202,960 Decimals of a Perch. Thirdly, I multiply these last Decimals by 272 $\angle$ 25, which are the square Feet of a Perch. The product Isaiah 55 $\angle$ 25,586,000, that is, 55 entire square Feet: the eight places of Decimals amount to little above $\frac(1)(4)$ of a square Foot, therefore I reject them as inconsiderable in measure of land. By all these reductions it is found, that an Arouva is in English measure three Roods, two Perches, 55 $\frac(1)(4)$ square Feet. Hence it follows also, that it is not well translated by Ingerum, for it is much larger; nor is it well in English called an Acre, for it is considerably less. To this place I refer the use of the lesser sort of exelivoc, which yet is most convenient for the use of the Egyptians, and of the Jews, to measure out private men’s inheritances by a line which was 80 Cubits long. For the length of this line will measure one side of an Arouva, if the other side be 125 Cubits long, which is the length of this line, and its half, and 5 Cubits above half of it, which they might easily mark in it by a knot or a ring. And by this means they might easily lay any number of Arouva together, all of them rectangular and parallel to each other. Such lines I suppose for measure of inheritances are intimated, Ps. lxxviii. 55, and xvi. 6, &c.

6. THE LEVITE’S GLESS.

I shall conclude with an example amounting after reduction to a number of English Acres, which measure we have not yet reached to. This I take from Numbers xxxv. 3-5, verses. There Moses describes what measure of land the Levites were to be allowed for their cattle, their goods, and all their beasts, on the north, east, south, and west, sides of each of their cities. So that the city was to be in the midst of the land belonging to it. This land in our translation is called suburbs, because of its nearness to all their cities. But we must not thence imagine that it means houses and streets adjoining to their cities, in which sense we sometimes use the

word suburbs. For Moses plainly tells us they were places for their several sorts of cattle to feed in, such as might also be orchards or gardens for fruits, or perhaps for a little corn, comprehended in the word, their Goods. These fields he limits by 1000 Cubits, which was just a quarter of an eastern mile, but amounts in mere length to 808 yards English measure, and therefore exceeds a quarter of an English mile by 168 yards in length. But it is certain that cattle cannot feed upon mere length, but this must signify the sides of some surface of land bounded thereby, and we must have two sides of that surface given, before we can find the Area, or surface contained. Therefore Moses, ver. 5, tells us, that on each side of each city they must measure 2000 Cubits, which will determine no surface, unless we understand it to mean the two sides of a square, bounded on every side by 1000 Cubits; these two sides multiplied into each other will produce a square that contains just a million of square Cubits, and that is a known and exact measure of just 100 Arouva: and this shews that the 2000 Cubits mentioned ver. 5, are the two sides of that square, whereof the 1000 mentioned ver. 4, is one, and may be called the root of the square. This shews the agreement of the two different numbers. The reduction of this million of square Cubits will be performed by the same method that I have used before. Therefore, first, I express 1000 Jewish by 1824 English Feet, without any Separatrix, according to the principles owned in Decimal Arithmeck; and the square of that number will be 3,326,976, without a Separatrix. Secondly, I divide this number by 43,560, which are the square Feet of an Acre, and find the quote to be 76 $\angle$ 376,859, which signify 76 entire Acres, and $\angle$ 376,859 Decimals of an Acre. Thirdly, to find what Roods are contained in these Decimals, I multiply them by four, the number of Roods in an Acre, and find the quote to be 1 $\angle$ 507,436, which proves that there is but one Rood in them, and the six figures cut off by the Separatrix (because there were six Decimals in one of the multipliers) are all Decimals of a Rood. Fourthly, therefore to find what Perches are in these last Decimals, I multiply them by 40, which is the number of Perches contained in a Rood. The product Isaiah 20 $\angle$ 297,440; hereby I find there are 20 entire Perches, besides the Decimals of a Perch placed after the Separatrix. Fifthly, to find what square Feet are in those last Decimals, I multiply them by 272 $\angle$ 25, which are the square Feet and Decimals in a Perch, the product Isaiah 80 $\angle$ 97,804, which Isaiah 80 square Feet, and all the Decimals not amounting to a square Foot, I reject as inconsiderable in measure of land. Thus we have found that this and every other square on each side of every Levitical City was prescribed to be 76 Acres, 1 Rood, 20 Perches, 80 square Feet in our measure, but was just a million of square Cubits in their measure.

To add the four squares belonging to one Levitical City together, the best way will be to take the first quote that we found in Acre measure, viz. 76 $\angle$ 376,859, and we must multiply it by four, and we shall find, by the method I have used, all the four squares together to amount to 305 Acres, 2 Roods, 1 Perch: we need not take notice of any lesser quantities in this case. We may also by this method find the sum of the Acres belonging to all the 48 cities of the Levites, and many other improvements in this kind of measuring surfaces. But I leave them to the industry of others.

A TABLE OF OFFICES AND CONDITIONS OF MEN.

PATRIARCHS, or Fathers of Families, such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and his sons.

Judges, Temporary Supreme Governors, immediately appointed by God over the children of Israel.

Kings, and they either of the whole nation, or after the falling off of the ten tribes, of Judah or Israel.

Elders, Senators, the I.XX, or Sanhedrim. Officers, Provosts, Sheriffs, or Executioners.

Judges, Inferior Rulers, such as determine controversies in particular cities.

Israelites, Hebrews, descendants from Jacob. An Hebrew of Hebrews, an Israelite by original extraction.

A Proselete of the Covenant, who was circumcised, and submitted to the whole law.

A Proselete of the Gate, or Stranger who worshipped one God, but remained uncircumcised.

OFFICERS UNDER THE ASSYRIAN OR PERSIAN MONARCHS. Tirshatha, or Governor appointed by the kings of Assyria or Persia.

Heads of the Captivity, the chief of each tribe or family, who exercised a precarious Government during the Captivity.

UNDER THE GRECIAN MONARCHS. #### SUPERIOR OFFICERS.

Marcabers, the Successors of Judas Maccabeus, high priests who presided with kingly power.

UNDER THE ROMAN EMPERORS. Presidents, or Governors, sent from Rome with Imperial power. Tetracchs, who had kingly power in four Provinces. Proconsuls, or Deputies of Provinces. #### INFERIOR OFFICERS. Publicans, or Taxgatherers. Centurions, Captains of an hundred men. ### ECCLESIASTICAL OFFICERS OR SECTS OF MEN. High Priests, who only might enter the Holy of Holies.

Second Priests, or Sagan, who supplied the High Priest’s office, in case he were disabled.

High Priest for the War, set apart for the occasion of an expedition.

Priests, Levites of the sons of Aaron, divided into twenty-four ranks, each rank serving weekly in the temple.

Levites, of the tribe of Levi, but not of Aaron’s family; of these were three orders, Gershonites, Kohathites, Merarites, several sons of Levi.

Nethanim, Inferior servants to the Priests and Levites, (not of their tribe,) to draw water, and cleave wood, &c.

Prophets, anciently called Seers, who foretold future events, and denounced God’s judgments.

Children of the Prophets, their disciples or scholars.

Wise men, called so in imitation of the eastern Magi, or Gentile Philosophers.

Scribes, Writers and Expounders of the law. Disputers, that raised and determined questions out of the law. Rabbiess, or Doctors, Teachers of Israel.

Libertines, Freed men of Rome, who, being Jews or Proselytes, had a synagogue or oratory for themselves.

Gaulonites, or Galileans, who pretended it unlawful to obey an heathen magistrate.

Herodians, who shaped their religion to the times, and particularly flattered Herod.

Epicureans, who placed all happiness in pleasure.

Stoicks, who denied the liberty of the Will, and pretended all events were determined by fatal necessity.

Simon Magus, author of the heresy of the Gnosticks, who taught that men, however vicious their practice was, should be saved by their knowledge.

Nicolaitans, the disciples of Nicolas, one of the first seven Deacons, who taught the community of wives.

Nazarites, who under a vow abstained from wine, &c. Nazarenes, Jews professing Christianity.

Zelots, Sicarii, or Murderers, who, under pretence of the law, thought themselves authorized to commit any outrage.

Pharisees, Separatists, who upon the opinion of their own godliness despised all others.

Sadducres, who denied the resurrection of the dead, angels, and spirits.

Samaritans, mongrel professors, partly Heathen, and partly Jews, the offspring of the Assyrians sent to Samaria.

Apostles, Missionaries, or persons sent; they who were sent by our Saviour from their number were called, The Twelve.

Bishops, successors of the Apostles in the government of the Church. Deacons, Officers chosen by the Apostles to take care of the poor. # A TABLE OF TIME. ### Days of the Week. ### Hours of the Day.

The day, reckoning from sunrise, and the night, from sunset, were each divided into 12 equal parts, called, The 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, &c. Hours.

Watches. The 1st watch, from sunset to the 3rd hour of the night. The 2d, or middle watch, from the 3rd hour to the 6th. The 3rd watch, or cockcrowing, from the 6th to the 9th. The 4th, or morning watch, from the 9th hour to sunrise. # A TABLE OF ## KINDRED AND AFFINITY,

Wherein whosoever are related are forbidden in Scripture and our Laws to marry together.

A Man may not marry his

Revelation 22:2

2. — was there the tree of life.] Both “the water of life,” ver. 1, and “the tree of life,” are emblems of immortality, Gen. iii. 22. The trees of life in this description are so planted that all the inhabitants may come at the fruit freely; they yield their fruit so plentifully and so constantly, that there can be no want, and even the leaves have a sovereign virtue against all sorts of indisposition. How elegantly does this represent a perfectly happy state of immortal life! Lowman.

Revelation 22:3

3, 4. And there shall be no more curse: &c.] There shall be no more any thing that looks like the curse upon the first paradise; nothing of the hardships or oppressions that were felt in the foregoing times of the Christian church: but, as the Prophet Zechariah expresses the felicity of this same new Jerusalem, Zech.

God the light of the city. The angel will not be worshipped. Anno DOMINI 96. a Chap. 21.22. the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him:

3. — and his servants shall serve him: &c.] In these words, our employment and our happiness in a state of blessedness are expressed; but what in particular our employment shall be, and wherein it shall consist, it is impossible now to describe. It is sufficient to know, in the general, that our employment will be our unspeakable pleasure, and every way suitable to the glory and happiness of that state, and as much above the noblest and most delightful employments of this world, as the perfection of our bodies and the power of our souls will then be above what they now are in this world. Abp. Tillotson.

Revelation 22:5

5. — there shall be no night] See chap. xxi. 25. Night and darkness, in the style of prophecy, signify often trouble and affliction. Light, on the contrary, expresses prosperity and joy. Lowman.

There shall be no more night to obscure our glory, as ver. 3, there shall be “no more curse” to embitter our sorrows. Abp. Tillotson.

— and they shall reign for ever and ever.] This being the last expression about the reign of the saints in full glory, is as general and full as it is possible to express it.

We have now finished the prophetic part of the vision of St. John, which concerns the destinies of the Christian church, from its beginning to its consummation in glory. That which follows is an epilogue to confirm the truth of the prophecy, containing also some exhortations to observe the contents of it. Daubus.

Revelation 22:6

6. And he said unto me, These sayings &c.] In the conclusion the angel ratifies and confirms all these particulars by a repetition of the same solemn assurance which he had before given, chap. xix. 9; xxi. 5. Bp. Newton.

Revelation 22:7

7. Behold, I come quickly:] We may observe, that the angel sometimes speaks in his own person, and sometimes in the person and character of Christ, whose ambassador and representative he was. Christ is said to “come” upon any notable and illustrious manife-

tation of His providence, and all these are but so many steps to prepare the way for His last coming to judgment. Bp. Newton.

Revelation 22:8

8. And I John saw these things.] I John, who have committed these revelations to writing for the constant use of the church, do solemnly declare that I was an eye and earwritness to them, having really seen and heard them in the visions of prophecy, as I have faithfully related them. Lowman.

Revelation 22:9

9. — See thou do it not:] See note at chap. xix. 10. — worship God.] Pay thy adorations to God Himself, to whom alone they are due. Pyle.

Revelation 22:10

10. — Seal not the sayings &c.] The angel desires him not to seal this prophecy, as was that of Daniel, Dan. xii. 4, 9. “For the time is at hand,” that is, some of the particulars were soon to be accomplished, as indeed all would in their due season and order. Bp. Newton.

Revelation 22:11

11. He that is unjust, let him be &c.] The providence of God will indeed permit things to continue in this world, just as these prophecies represent the state of them. Men of evil principles and corrupt hearts will continue to commit acts of injustice and oppression, and to promote false religion and wickedness, notwithstanding all the cautions of religion, or judgments of Providence. Yet the cautions, directions, and encouragements of these prophecies, and the judgments of Providence foretold in them, will have a better effect on good minds, so as to make them persevere in truth, righteousness, and holiness. Lowman. In the prophetic style, it is the same whether the things be uttered in the past or future, or in the imperative. So that to say, “He who is unjust, let him be unjust still,” is equal to saying, He that is unjust will still be so, and will not be reclaimed, whatsoever persuasive reasons may be used for his recovery. Daubus.

— he which is filthy.] All kinds of vice, but particularly the sin of idolatry, with all the degrees and acts of it, seem to come under this description. Daubus.

— he that is righteous.] He that keeps his righteousness, notwithstanding the persecution which he suffers on that account. Daubus.

Revelation 22:12

12. — and my reward is with me.] I will bring with Me due retributions to every man according to his works. Bp. Hall.

Nothing may be added to the word of God, nor taken therefrom. Anno DOMINI 94. d Iasi. 41. 4. & 44. 6.

Revelation 22:13

13. I am Alpha and Omega, &c.] See note at chap. i. 8. I was from the beginning with God, and shall for ever be with Him. Pyle.

Revelation 22:14

14. Blessed are they that do &c.] Happy will it be for those who, by virtuous practices and steady obedience to the Divine laws, qualify themselves to enjoy the blessings of My reformed church in this world, and the glories of My future and eternal kingdom in heaven, agreeably to the consolatory promise at Iasi. xxvi. 1, 2. Pyle.

The books of Scripture, having set before men in the clearest light the commandments of God, as the rule of their duty, and the happiness He has promised them, as the reward of their obedience, are, at the conclusion of the whole, closed with this noble and majestick, as well as affectionate, exclamation. Dr. S. Clark.

— the tree of life.] See note at chap. ii. 7.

Revelation 22:15

15. For without are dogs, &c.] There can be no admission into this heavenly Jerusalem granted to such as remain unreclaimed in inhumanity, deceit and fraud, in uncleanness and cruelty, idolatry and falsehood. Pyle.

Revelation 22:16

16. I Jesus have sent] It was not deemed sufficient to represent the angel speaking in the person of Christ, but Christ Himself also is here introduced, speaking in His own person, confirming the Divine authority of this book, and attesting it to be properly His revelation. Bp. Newton.

— I am the root and the offspring of David.] I am both the root of David, whence he had his beginning, according to My divinity, and the branch that issued from David, according to My human nature. Bp. Hall.

— the bright and morning star.] Giving light to the world, after a long night of ignorance and superstition; and, to those who love such light, a certain prelude and earnest of increasing knowledge and glory “shining forth more and more unto the perfect day.” Dean Woodhouse.

Revelation 22:17

17. — the Spirit and the bride] “The Spirit,” the Holy Spirit in the hearts of believers; “the bride,” the whole catholic church. Dr. S. Clark. This is the response made to the promise of Christ, “I come quickly,” ver. 12. Daubus.

Revelation 22:18

18. For I testify unto every man &c.] The book being of this high importance and authority, a solemn adjuration is added by Christ Himself, that no man pre-

athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely.

Revelation 22:20

20. — saith, Surely I come quickly;] He not only attests these prophecies to be true, but says that He will come speedily to accomplish them; to which St. John answers, and in him the whole church, “Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.” Bp. Newton.

Revelation 22:21

21. The grace of our Lord &c.] He closes all with the usual apostolical benediction, wishing “the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ” to the churches of Asia in particular, and to all Christians in general. The conclusion is truly excellent, as well as all the other parts of this book; and nothing could be construed to leave these things with a stronger impression on the mind of the readers. In the whole, from first to last, appears the majesty of the Divine Revealer, “the Alpha and Omega,” the beginning and the end, the author and finisher of every good work, and more especially of this. Bp. Newton.

To every mortal, short is the time leading to that awful instant, when he “shall stand before the presence of God.” Be it our endeavour, by the assistance of His Holy Spirit, so to direct our thoughts and actions, that we may have trust in our Redeemer, and be of the number of those “who love His appearing,” 2 Tim. iv. 8. Thus may we be enabled cordially to unite with the beloved Apostle, in his concluding prayer, “Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus.” Dean Woodhouse.

Anno DOMINI 94. Prov. 30. 6.

The following Chapters and Verses from the Revelation of St. John are appointed for Proper Lessons, or as portions of Scripture for Epistles, on Sundays and Holydays:

CHAP. I… St. John the Evangelist. … Morning. — IV. … Trinity Sunday, … Epistle. — VII. …ver. 2—12, All Saints’ day, … ditto. — XII. … — 7—12, St. Michael and All Angels, … ditto. — XIV… — 1— 5, Holy Innocents’ Day,… ditto. — XIX… — 1—17, All Saints’ Day, … Evening. — XXII. … St. John the Evangelist, … ditto. AN # INDEX TO THE HOLY BIBLE; OR, AN ACCOUNT OF

Pointing to the time wherein they happened, and to the Places of Scripture wherein they are recorded.

The third Age. INDEX TO THE HOLY BIBLE. The third Age. The third Age. INDEX TO THE HOLY BIBLE. The fourth Age. The fourth Age. INDEX TO THE HOLY BIBLE. The fourth Age The fourth Age. INDEX TO THE HOLY BIBLE. The fourth Age.