ἐν, a preposition taking the dative after it; Hebrew αΐΜ; Latinin with abl.; English in, on, at, with, by, among. (Winers Grammar, § 48 a.; Buttmann, 328f (282f)) It is used: I. Locally; 1. of place proper; a. in the interior of some whole; within the limits of some space: ἐν γαστρί, Mat_1:18; ἐν Βηθλημ, Mat_2:1; ἐν τῇ πόλει, Luk_7:37; ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαία, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, and innumerable other examples b. in (on) the surface of a place (German auf): ἐν τῷ ὄρει, Joh_4:20; Heb_8:5; ἐν πλαξί, 2Co_3:3; ἐν τῇ ἀγορά, Mat_20:3; ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, Mat_5:25, etc. c. of proximity, at, near, by: ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν, Mat_6:5; ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ, at the fountain Siloam, Luk_13:4; ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακίῳ, Joh_8:20 (see B. D. American edition under the word : and on this passage and the preceding cf. Winer's Grammar, 385 (360)); καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιά Θεοῦ etc., at the right hand: Heb_1:3; Heb_8:1; Eph_1:20. d. of the contents of a writing, book, etc.: ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολή, 1Co_5:9; ἐν κεφαλίδι βιβλίου γράφειν, Heb_10:7; ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ, τῷ βιβλίῳ, Rev_13:8; Gal_3:10; ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, Luk_24:44; Joh_1:45 (46); ἐν τοῖς προφήταις, in the book of the prophets, Act_13:40; ἐν Ἠλίᾳ, in that portion of Scripture which treats of Elijah, Rom_11:2, cf. Fritzsche at the passage; (Delitzsch, Brief a. d. Römer, p. 12; Winers Grammar, 385 (360); Buttmann, 331 (285)); ἐν Δαυίδ, in the Psalms of David, Heb_4:7 (see Δαβίδ, at the end); ἐν τῷ ὡσεη, in the prophecies of Hosea, Rom_9:25. e. tropically, applied to things not perceived by the senses, as ἐν τῇ καρδία, ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, Mat_5:28; Mat_13:19; 2Co_4:6, and often; ἐν ταῖς συνειδησεσι, 2Co_5:11. 2. with the dative of a person, in the person, nature, soul, thought of anyone: thus ἐν τῷ Θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωή ὑμῶν, it lies hidden as it were in the bosom of God until it shall come forth to view, Col_3:3, cf. Eph_3:9; ἐν αὐτῷ, i. e. in the person of Christ, κατοικεῖ πᾶν τό πλήρωμαa etc., Col_1:19; Col_2:3 ((?), 9). phrases in which ἡ ἁμαρτία is said to dwell in men, Rom_7:17 f; or ὁ Χριστός (the mind, power, life of Christ) εἶναι, (Joh_17:26); Rom_8:10; 2Co_13:5; μένειν, Joh_6:56; (Joh_15:4-5); ζῆν, Gal_2:20; μορφουσθαι, Gal_4:19; λαλεῖν, 2Co_13:3; ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶναι, 1Jn_1:10; μένειν, Joh_5:38; ἐνοικεῖν or οἰκεῖν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Col_3:16; τό πνεῦμα (of God, of Christ), Rom_8:9; Rom_8:11; 1Co_3:16; 2Ti_1:14; τό ἐν τίνι χάρισμα, 1Ti_4:14; 2Ti_1:6; ἐνεργεῖν ἐν τίνι, Mat_14:2; Eph_2:2; 1Co_12:6, etc.; ἐνεργεῖσθαι, Col_1:29; κατεργάζεσθαι, Rom_7:8. after verbs of revealing, manifesting: ἀποκαλύψαι ἐν ἐμοί, in my soul, Gal_1:16; φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς, Rom_1:19. ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, within oneself, i. e. in the soul, spirit, heart: after the verbs εἰδέναι, Joh_6:61; εἰπεῖν, Luk_7:39; Luk_18:4; ἐμβρίμασθαι, Joh_11:38; στενάζειν, Rom_8:23; διαλογίζεσθαι, Mar_2:8 (alternating there with ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, cf. Mar_2:6); Luk_12:17; διαπόρειν, Act_10:17; λέγειν, Mat_3:9; Mat_9:21; Luk_7:49; also 2Co_1:9; for other examples of divers kinds, see εἰμί, V. 4 e. 3. It answers to the German an (on; often freely to be rendered in the case of, with, etc. Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 3 a.), when used a. of the person or thing on whom or on which some power is operative: ἵνα οὕτω γένηται ἐν ἐμοί, 1Co_9:15; ποιεῖν τί ἐν τίνι, Mat_17:12; Luk_23:31; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1341; (Winers Grammar, as above and 218 (204f); Buttmann, 149 (130)). b. of that in which something is manifest (Winer's Grammar, as above): μανθάνειν ἐν τίνι, 1Co_4:6; γινώσκειν, Luk_24:35; Joh_13:35; 1Jn_3:19 (examples from the classics are given by Passow, 1:2, p. 908b; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. III.)); likewise of that in which a thing is sought: ζητεῖν ἐν τίνι, 1Co_4:2. c. after verbs of stumbling, striking: προσκόπτειν, Rom_14:21; πταίειν, Jas_2:10; ἐκανδαλίζεσθαι, which see in its place. 4. with, among, in the presence of, with the dative of person (also often in the classics; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1340; Winer's Grammar, 385 (360) and 217f (204)): 1Co_2:6; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, Mat_21:42; ἐν ἐμοί, in my judgment, 1Co_14:11; (perhaps add Jud_1:1 L T Tr WH; but cf. 6 b. below). To this head some refer ἐν ὑμῖν, 1Co_6:2, interpreting it in your assembly, cf. Meyer at the passage; but see 5 d.γ. 5. used of that with which a person is surrounded, equipped, furnished, assisted, or acts (Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 1 b.); a. in equivalent to among, with collective nouns: ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ, Mar_5:30 (Winer's Grammar, 414 (386)); ἐν τῇ γενεά ταύτῃ, among the men of this age, Mar_8:38; ἐν τῷ γένει μου, in my nation i. e. among my countrymen, Gal_1:14; especially with the dative plural of persons, as ἐν ἡμῖν, ἐν ὑμῖν, among us, among you, ἐν ἀλλήλοις, among yourselves, one with another: Mat_2:6; Mat_11:11; Mar_9:50; Luk_1:1; Joh_1:14; Joh_13:35; Act_2:29; 1Co_3:18; 1Co_5:1, and often. b. of the garments with (in) which one is clad: ἐν ἐνδύμασι and the like, Mat_7:15; Mar_12:38; Luk_24:4; Joh_20:12; Act_10:30; Heb_11:37; Jas_2:2; Rev_3:4; ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν ἱματίοις, Mat_11:8 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets ἱματίοις); Luk_7:23; περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις, Rev_3:5; Rev_4:4 (L WH text omit ἐν). c. of that which one either leads or brings with him, or with which he is furnished or equipped; especially after verbs of coming (ἐν of accompaniment), where we often say with: ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπανταν, Luk_14:31; ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι, Jud_1:14; cf. Grimm on 1Ma_1:17; ἐισέρχεσθαι ἐν αἵματι, Heb_9:25; ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καί ἐν τῷ αἵματι, 1Jn_5:6 (i. e. with the water of baptism and the blood of atonement, by means of both which he has procured the pardon of our sins, of which fact we are assured by the testimony of the Holy Spirit); ἐν ῤάβδῳ, 1Co_4:21; ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας, Rom_15:29; φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, 2Co_10:14; ἐν πνεύματι καί δυνάμει ἥλιον, imbued or furnished with the spirit and power of Elijah, Luk_1:17; ἐν τῇ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ, furnished with the regal power of the Messiah, possessed of his kingly power (Buttmann, 330 (284)): Mat_16:28; Luk_23:42 (WH text L marginal reading Tr marginal reading εἰς τήν βασιλείαν). Akin is its use d. of the instrument or means by or with which anything is accomplished, owing to the influence of the Hebrew preposition αΐΜ much more common in the sacred writers than in secular authors. (cf. Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 3 d.; Buttmann, 181 (157) and 329 (283f), where we say with, by means of, by (through); α. in phrases in which the primitive force of the preposition is discernible, as ἐν πυρί κατακαίειν, Rev_17:16 (T omits; WH brackets ἐν); ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν or ἀρτύειν, Mat_5:13; Mar_9:50; Luk_14:34; ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκάνειν, Rev_7:14; ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν, Heb_9:22; ἐν ὕδατι βαπτίζειν, Mat_3:11, etc. (see βαπτίζω, II. b. bb.). β. with the dative, where the simple dative of the instrument might have been used, especially in the Revelation: ἐν μάχαιρα, ἐν ῤομφαία ἀποκτείνειν, Rev_6:8; Rev_13:10; πατάσσειν, Luk_22:49; ἀπολλυσθαι, Mat_26:52; καταπατεῖν ἐν τοῖς ποσίν, Mat_7:6; ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ, Luk_1:51; ἐν δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ, Luk_11:20, and in other examples; of things relating to the soul, as ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, 2Th_2:13 (Winer's Grammar, 417 (388)); 1Pe_1:2; ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει, 2Co_7:7; ἐν προσευχή, Mat_17:21 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse); εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογία, Eph_1:3; δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι, Rom_5:9. γ. more rarely with the dative of person, meaning aided by one, by the intervention or agency of someone, by (means of) one (cf. Winers Grammar, 389 (364); Buttmann, 329f (283f)): ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων, Mat_9:34; ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις, 1Co_14:21; κρίνειν τήν οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί, Act_17:31; ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (preceded by οἱ ἅγιοι τόν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν), 1Co_6:2; ἐργάζεσθαι ἐν τίνι, Sir_13:4 Sir. 30:13, 34. δ. followed by an infinitive with the article, in that (German dadurchdass), or like the Latin gerund (or English participial noun; cf. Buttmann, 264 (227)): Act_3:26; Act_4:30; Heb_2:8; Heb_8:13. e. of the state or condition in which anything is done or anyone exists, acts, suffers; out of a great number of examples (see also in γίνομαι, 5 f.; and εἰμί, V. 4 b.) it is sufficient to cite: ἐν βασάνοις, Luk_16:23; ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, 1Jn_3:14; ἐν ζωή, Rom_5:10; ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς, Phm_1:13; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1Pe_1:6; ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός, Rom_8:3; ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι, 1Th_2:2; ἐν δόξῃ, Php_4:19; 2Co_3:7 f; σπείρεται ἐν φθορά κτλ. it (namely, that which is sown) is sown in a state of corruption, namely, ὅν, 1Co_15:42 f; ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν, to be prepared, in readiness, 2Co_10:6; ἐν ἐκστάσει, Act_11:5; Act_22:17; very often so used of virtues and vices, as ἐν εὐσέβεια καί σεμνότητι, 1Ti_2:2; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, 1Ti_2:15; ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς, Rom_6:4; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχή τοῦ Θεοῦ, Rom_3:26 (25); ἐν κακία καί φθόνῳ, Tit_3:3; ἐν πανουργία, 2Co_4:2; also with an adverbial force: as ἐν δυνάμει, powerfully, with power (Winers Grammar, § 51, 1 e.; Buttmann, 330 (284)), Mar_9:1; Rom_1:4; Col_1:29; 2Th_1:11; κρίνειν ἐν δικαιοσύνη, Act_17:31; Rev_19:11; ἐν χαρά, in joy, joyful, Rom_15:32; ἐν ἐκτένεια, Act_26:7; ἐν σπουδή, Rom_12:8; ἐν χάριτι, Gal_1:6; 2Th_2:16; ἐν τάχει, Luk_18:8; Rom_16:20; Rev_1:1. (Here perhaps may be introduced the noteworthy adverbial phrase ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις, with all this, Luk_16:26 L marginal reading T Tr marginal reading WH for R G ἐπί πᾶσι τούτοις (see ἐπί, B. 2 d.); also ἐν πᾶσιν, in all things (R. V. withal), Eph_6:16 L text T Tr WH.) A similar use occurs in speaking f. of the form in which anything appears or is exhibited, where ἐν may be represented by the German als (English as); twice so in the N. T.: σοφίαν λαλεῖν ἐν μυστηρίῳ (as a mystery (here A. V. in)), 1Co_2:7; ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ὑποδείγματι πίπτειν, Heb_4:11 ((A. V. after); others regard this as a pregnant construction, the ἐν marking rest after motion (R. V. marginal reading into); cf. Kurtz or Lünem. at the passage; Buttmann, 329 (283); and 7 below); (διδόναι τί ἐν δωρεά, 2Ma_4:30; Polybius 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; ἐν μερίδι, Sir_26:3; λαμβάνειν τί ἐν φερνή, Polybius 28, 17, 9; examples from Plato are given by Ast, Platonic Lexicon, i., p. 702; Latininmandatisdare i. e. to be considered as orders, Caesar b. g. 1, 43). (Here perhaps may be noticed the apparent use of ἐν to denote the measure or standard (Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 3b.; Bernhardy (1829), p. 211): ἐν μέτρῳ, Eph_4:16 (see μέτρον, 2); ἔφερεν ἐν ἑξήκοντα etc. Mar_4:8 WH text (note the εἰς, which see B. II. 3 a.); καρποφοροῦσιν ἐν τριάκοντα etc. Mar_4:20 T Tr text WH text; but some would take ἐν here distributively, cf. Fritzsche on Mar_4:8.) g. of the things in (with) which one is busied: 1Ti_4:15; Col_4:2; ἐν οἷς, Act_26:12; ἐν αὐτῷ, in preaching the gospel, Eph_6:20; ἐν τῇ ἑορτή, in celebrating the feast, Joh_2:23 (L Tr brackets ἐν); ἐν τῇ διδαχή, in giving instruction, while teaching, Mar_4:2; Mar_12:38; see εἰμί, V. 4 d.; Passow, i., p. 910b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, II. 1). h. of that in which anything is embodied or summed up: ἐν αὐτῷ ζωή ἦν, i. e. that life of which created beings were made partakers was comprehended in him, Joh_1:4; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, Rom_13:9 (on Eph_1:10 see ἀνακεφαλαιόω); πᾶσαν τήν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε, comprised in, consisting of, seventy-five souls, Act_7:14 (Winer's Grammar, 391 (366)). 6. of that in which any person or thing is inherently fixed, implanted, or with which it is intimately connected; a. of the whole in which a part inheres: properly, μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ, Joh_15:4; ἐν ἑνί σώματι μέλη πολλά, Rom_12:4; figuratively, κρέμασθαι ἐν τίνι, Mat_22:40. b. of a person to whom another is wholly joined and to whose power and. influence he is subject, so that the former may be likened to the place in which the latter lives and moves. So used in the writings of Paul and of John particularly of intimate relationship with God or with Christ, and for the most part involving contextually the idea of power and blessing resulting from that union thus, εἶναι or μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί or ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, of Christ, Joh_10:38; Joh_14:10 f; of Christians, 1Jn_3:24; 1Jn_4:13; 1Jn_4:15 f; εἶναι or μένειν in Christ, of his disciples and worshippers, Joh_14:20; Joh_15:4 f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καί ἐν τῷ πατρί, 1Jn_2:24; ἐν Θεῷ, i. e. amplified and strengthened in the fellowship of God and the consciousness of that fellowship, ἐργάζεσθαι τί, Joh_3:21; παρρησιάζεσθαι, 1Th_2:2. Of frequent use by Paul are the phrases ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἐν κυρίῳ (cf. Fritzsche, Commentary on Romans, vol. ii., p. 82ff; Winers Grammar, 389 (364); Weiss, Biblical Theol. des N. T. §§ 84 b., 149 c.), ingrafted as it were in Christ, in fellowship and union with Christ, with the Lord: Rom_3:24; Rom_6:11; Rom_6:23; Rom_8:39; 1Co_1:4; 2Co_3:14; Gal_2:4; Gal_3:14; Gal_3:26; Gal_3:28; Gal_5:6; Eph_1:3 (Rec. omits ἐν); Ephesians 2:6 f, 10 , 13 ; 1Ti_1:14; 2Ti_1:1; 2Ti_1:13; 2Ti_2:1; 1Pe_3:16; 1Pe_5:10; στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, Php_4:1; ἵνα εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ), that I may be found (by God and Christ) most intimately united to him, Php_3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1Co_1:30; οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, Rom_8:1; 1Pe_5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, θνήσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ, to fall asleep, to die, mindful of relationship to Christ and confiding in it (Winer's Grammar, as above), 1Co_15:18; Rev_14:13. Since such union with Christ is the basis on which actions and virtues rest, the expression is equivalent in meaning to by virtue of spiritual fellowship or union with Christ; in this sense it is joined to the following words and phrases: πέπεισμαι, Rom_14:14 (Winer's Grammar, as above and 390 note); πεποιθέναι, Gal_5:10; Php_1:14; 2Th_3:4; παρρησίαν ἔχειν, Phm_1:8; ἐλπίζειν, Php_2:19; καύχησιν ἔχειν, Rom_15:17; 1Co_15:31; ἀνῆκεν, Col_3:18; τό αὐτό φρονεῖν, Php_4:2; ὑπακούειν, Eph_6:1 (L omits; Tr WH brackets ἐν κυρίῳ); φῶς, Eph_5:8; αὔξει, ; ζοωποιεῖσθαι, 1Co_15:22; ὁ κόπος οὐκ ἐστι κενός, 1Co_15:58; ἅγιος, Php_1:1; ἡγιασμένος, 1Co_1:2; λαλεῖν, 2Co_2:17; 2Co_12:19; ἀλήθειαν λέγειν, Rom_9:1; λέγειν καί μαρτύρεσθαι, Eph_4:17. Hence, it denotes the Christian aim, nature. quality of any action or virtue; thus, ἐυρεστον ἐν κυρίῳ, Col_3:20 G L T Tr WH; προσδέχεσθαι τινα, Rom_16:2; Php_2:29; ἀσπάζεσθαι τινα, Rom_16:8; Rom_16:22; 1Co_16:19; κοπιαν, Rom_16:12 (Winers Grammar, 390 note; L brackets the clause); γαμηθῆναι, 1Co_7:39; χαίρειν, Php_3:1; Php_4:4; Php_4:10; παρακαλεῖν, 1Th_4:1; προΐστασθαι τίνος, 1Th_5:12; or is equivalent to in things pertaining to Christ, in the cause of Christ: νήπιος, 1Co_3:1; φρόνιμος, 1Co_4:10; παιδαγωγοι, 1Co_4:15; ὁδοί μου, 1Co_4:17; θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν κυρίῳ, in the kingdom of the Lord, 2Co_2:12. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν Χριστῷ, by faith in Christ, Gal_2:17. Finally, it serves as a periphrasis for Christian (whether person or thing): τούς ἐκ τῶν Ναρκίσσου τούς ὄντας ἐν κυρίῳ (opposed to those of the family of Narcissus who were not Christians), Rom_16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χριστῷ, a Christian, 2Co_12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Gal_1:22; 1Th_2:14; οἱ νεκροί ἐν Χριστο those of the dead who are Christians, 1Th_4:16; ἐκλεκτόν ἐν κυρίῳ, a Christian of mark, Rom_16:13; δόκιμος ἐν Χριστῷ an approved Christian, Rom_16:10; δέσμιος ἐν κυρίῳ, a Christian prisoner (tacitly opposed to prisoners of another sort (Winer's Grammar, 388 (363))), Eph_4:1; πιστός διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ Eph_6:21; Col_4:7; διακονία, Col_4:17; ἐν Χριστῷ γενναν τινα, to be the author of one's Christian life or life devoted to Christ, 1Co_4:15; δεσμοί ἐν Χριστῷ, bonds occasioned by one's fellowship with Christ, Php_1:13 (others connect ἐν Χριστῷ here with φανερούς); it might be freely rendered as Christians, as a Christian, in 1Co_9:1; Phm_1:16. ἐν πνεύματι (ἁγίῳ) εἶναι, to be in the power of, be actuated by, inspired by, the Holy Spirit: Rom_8:9 (here in opposed to ἐν σαρκί); γίνεσθαι, Rev_1:10; Rev_4:2; ἐν πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλεῖν, 1Co_12:3; ἐν πνεύματι or ἐν πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ or ἐν πνεύματι Θεοῦ, namely, ὤν (being) in i. e. under the power of the Spirit, moved by the Spirit (cf. Buttmann, 330 (283f); W 390 (364f)): Mat_22:43; Mar_12:36; Luk_2:27; 1Co_12:3; Rev_17:3; Rev_21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ, namely, ὤν, in the power of an unclean spirit, possessed by one, Mar_1:23; ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι, to be held in the power of Satan, 1Jn_5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ, subject to the control of the law, Rom_3:19, ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ ἀποθνῄσκειν, through connection with Adam, 1Co_15:22. c. of that in which other things are contained and upheld, as their cause and origin: ἐν αὐτῷ (i. e., in God) ζῶμεν κτλ. in God is found the cause why we live, Act_17:28; ἐν αὐτῷ (in Christ, as the divine hypostatic λόγος) ἐκτίσθη τά πάντα, in him resides the cause why all things were originally created, Col_1:16 (the cause both instrumental and final as well, for ἐν αὐτῷ is immediately afterward resolved into δἰ αὐτοῦ καί εἰς αὐτόν (cf. Winers Grammar, § 50, 6 and Lightfoot at the passage)); τά πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκε, Col_1:17; ἐν Ἰσαάκ κληθήσεται σοι σπέρμα, Rom_9:7; Heb_11:18, from Gen_21:12; ἁγιάζεσθαι ἐν, with the dative of thing, Heb_10:10, cf. 1Co_6:11; ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν, in this lies the reason why we believe, Joh_16:30, cf. 1Co_4:4; ἐν ᾧ equivalent to ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι (in that), since: Rom_8:3; Heb_2:18; Heb_6:17 (see 8 e. below). Closely related is the use of ἐν d. of that which gives opportunity, the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ (on i. e. at this word; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 3 c.), Act_7:29. e. after certain verbs denoting an affection, because the affection inheres or resides, as it were, in that to which it relates (cf. Buttmann, 185 (160f); Winers Grammar, 232 (217f)); see εὐδοκέω, εὐδοκία, ἐυφραίνομαι, καυχάομαι, χαίρω, etc.; likewise sometimes after ἐλπίζω, πιστεύω, πίστις (which see in their proper places), because faith and hope are placed in what is believed or hoped for. 7. after verbs implying motion ἐν with the dative is so used as to seem, according to our laws of speech, to be employed for εἰς with the accusative; but it indicates the idea of rest and continuance succeeding the motion; cf. Winers Grammar, § 50, 4; Buttmann, 328f (282f): thus after ἀποστέλλω, Mat_10:16; Luk_10:3; ἐισέρχεσθαι, Luk_9:46; Rev_11:11 (not R Tr; WH brackets ἐν); ἐξέρχεσθαι, Luk_7:17; 1Th_1:8 (but not after ἔρχεσθαι in Luk_23:42, on which passage see 5 c. above); καταβαίνειν, Joh_5:4 (R L; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 50, 4 a.); ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων, that they may abide in etc. Luk_1:17; καλεῖν ἐν εἰρήνη, ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, ἐν μία ἐλπίδι, equivalent to εἰς τό εἶναι ἡμᾶς (ὑμᾶς) ἐν etc.: 1Co_7:15; 1Th_4:7; Eph_4:4; especially after τιθέναι and ἱσταναι, which words see in their places. On the same use of the preposition, common in Homer, somewhat rare in the classic authors, but recurring frequently in writings of a later age, see Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Passow, i. 2, p. 909a; (cf. Liddell and Scott, under I. 8). 8. Constructions somewhat peculiar: a. ἐν Αἰγύπτου namely, γῆ (by an ellipsis common in Greek writings, cf. Passow, i. 2, p. 908b; (Liddell and Scott, under I. 2); Winers Grammar, 384 (359); (Buttmann, 171 (149))): Heb_11:26 (Lachmann); but see Αἴγυπτος. b. expressions shaped by the Hebrew idiom: ἀγοράζειν ἐν with the dative of price (for the price is the means by which a thing is bought (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 3 e.)), Rev_5:9 (ἐν ἀργυρίῳ, 1Ch_21:24). ἀλλάσσειν τί ἐν τίνι (see ἀλλάσσω), to exchange one thing for another (properly, to change something and have the exchange in (cf. Winer's Grammar, 388 (363) note; 206 (194))): Rom_1:23; Rom_1:25 (here μετήλλαξαν. ὄμνυμι ἐν τίνι) αΐΜ πΔωΐΡαΗΜς , cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus iii., p. 1355; (Winers Grammar, § 32, 1 b.; Buttmann, 147 (128))), to swear by (i. e. the name of someone being interposed), or as it were relying on, supported by, someone (cf. Winer's Grammar, 389 (364)): Mat_5:34-36; Mat_23:16; Mat_23:18-22; Rev_10:6. c. ὁμολογῶ, ἐν τίνι after the Syriac (B ydw) [] [not the tiebr., see Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 386; Buttmann, 176 (153); Winers Grammar, § 32, 3 b., yet cf. § 4, a.]), properly, to confess in one's case (or when one's cause is at stake (cf. Winers Grammar, the passage cited; Fritzsche, the passage cited; Weiss, Das Matthäusevang., p. 278 note 1 (and in Meyer on Matthew, edition 7))), the nature of the confession being evident from the context; as, to confess one to be my master and lord, or to be my worshipper: Mat_10:32; Luk_12:8; (cf. Westcott, Canon, p. 305 note 1). d. on the very common phrase ἐν ὀνόματι τίνος, see ὄνομα (especially 2). (e. the phrase ἐν ᾧ varies in meaning according to the varying sense of ἐν. It may be, α. local, wherein (equivalent to ἐν τούτῳ ἐν ᾧ): Rom_2:1; Rom_14:22; 2Co_11:12. β. temporal, while (cf. II. below; Winer's Grammar, § 48, a. 2): Mar_2:19; Lukev. 34; Joh_5:7; Luk_19:13 (Rec. ἕως, which see). γ. instrumental, whereby: Rom_14:21. δ. causal, English in that (see Mätzner, English Gram, translation by Grece, 3:452 concomitance passing over into causal dependence, or the substratum of the action being regarded as that on which its existence depends; cf. 'in those circumstances I did so and so'), on the ground of this that, because: Rom_8:3, etc.; see in 6 c. above. According to the last two uses, the phrase may be resolved into ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι or ἐν τούτῳ ὁ (cf. Winers Grammar, § 23, 2 b. and b.); on its use see Winers Grammar, 387 (362) note; Buttmann, 331 (284f); Bernhardy (1829), p. 211; especially Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., p. 93f.) II. With the notion of Time ἐν marks a. periods and portions of time in which anything occurs, in, on, at, during: ἐν τῇ ἡμέρα, ἐν τῇ νυκτί, Joh_11:9 f, etc.; ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, Mat_3:1, etc.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Mat_12:2, and in many other examples; ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ, at the second time, Act_7:13; ἐν τῷ καθεξῆς, Luk_8:1; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, in the meantime (Winer's Grammar, 592f (551)), Joh_4:31; (ἐν ἐσχάτῳ χρόνῳ, Jud_1:18 Rec.). b. before substantives signifying an event, it is sometimes equivalent to at the time of this or that event (German bei); thus ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσία, Mat_19:28; ἐν τῇ παρουσία αὐτοῦ or μου, 1Co_15:23; 1Th_2:19; 1Th_3:13 (Winer's Grammar, § 50, 5); Php_2:12; 1Jn_2:28; ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει, Mat_22:28; Mar_12:23; Luk_14:14; Luk_20:33; ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι, at (the sounding of) the last trumpet, 1Co_15:52; ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει of Christ, 2Th_1:7; 1Pe_1:7; 1Pe_1:13; 1Pe_4:13. c. before infinitives with the article (Buttmann, 263f (226f); Winers Grammar, § 44, 6); before the infinitive present it signifies while, as: Mat_13:4 (ἐν τῷ σπείρειν); Mat_13:25 (ἐν ... τῷ καθεύδειν τούς ἀνθρώπους); Mat_27:12; Mar_6:48; Luk_1:21 (cf. Buttmann, the passage cited); ; 1Co_11:21; Gal_4:18, etc.; before the infinitive aorist, when, after that: Luk_9:36; Luk_19:15, etc. d. within, in the course of: ἐν τρισίν ἡμέραις, Mat_27:40; Mar_15:29 (L T Tr omit; WH brackets ἐν); Joh_2:19 (Tr WH brackets ἐν), 20; cf. Winers Grammar, § 48, a. 2; (Buttmann, § 133, 26). III. In Composition. Prefixed to adjectives ἐν denotes lying or situated in some place or condition, possessed of or noted for something; as in ἐνάλιος, ἔνδοξος, ἔμφοβος. Prefixed to Verbs it signifies 1. remaining, staying, continuing in some place, state, or condition; as, ἔνειμι, ἐμμένω, ἐνοικέω. 2. motion into something, entering into, mingling in; as, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐγκαλέω (summon to court), ἐγγράφω, ἐγκρύπτω. 3. in ἐμφυσάω, ἐμπρήθω, ἐμπτύω it answers to German an (on). Before beta β', mu μ', pi π, phi Φ, psi Ψ, ἐν changes to εμ(, before gamma γ' kappa κ' xi Ξ chi Χ, to εγγ(, before lambda λ' to ελ(, although this assimilation is neglected also in the older manuscripts (in ΰ not often changed, Scrivener, Collation etc., p. lvi.; "in some words assimilation is constant according to all or at least all primary manuscripts while in a comparatively small number of cases authority is divided. Speaking generally, assimilation is the rule in compounds of ἐν, retention of the nu ν in those of σύν (Prof. Hort). Following manuscript authority T WH write ἐγγράφω, ἐνκαθετος, ἐνκαινια, ἐνκαινίζω, ἐνκατοικέω, ἐνκαυχάομαι, ἐνκεντρίζω, ἐνκρίνω, ἐνπεριπατέω, ἐνπνέω; T ἐνκόπτω; WH ἐνκοπη, ἐνκυος; but L T Tr WH retain ἐγκαλέω, ἔγκλημα, ἐγκομβωμαι, ἐγκράτεια, ἐγκρατεύομαι, ἐγκρατής, ἐγχρίω, ἐλλογέω (ἐλλογάω), ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐμβατεύω, ἐμβλέπω, ἐμβριμάομαι, ἐμμαίνομαι, ἐμπαιγμονῇ, ἐμπαιγμός, ἐμπαίζω, ἐμπαίκτης, ἐμπίπλημι, ἐμπίπτω, ἐμπλέκω, ἐμπλοκή, ἐμπορεύομαι, ἐμπορία, ἐμπόριον, ἔμπορος, ἐμπτύω, ἐμφανής, ἐμφανίζω, ἔμφοβος, ἔμφυτος; L T Tr ἔγκυος; L Tr WH ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν; L Tr ἐγγράφω, ἐγκάθετος, ἐγκαίνια, ἐγκαινίζω, ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω, ἐγκατοικέω, ἐγκαυχάομαι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐγκοπή, ἐγκόπτω, ἐγκρίνω, ἐμπεριπατέω, ἐμπνέω; T ἐμπιπράω; T WH are not uniform in ἐγκακέω, ἐγκαταλείπω; nor T in ἐμμένω, ἔμπροσθεν; nor WH in ἐγκόπτω. Add L T Tr WH ἀνέγκλητος, παρεμβάλλω, παρεμβολή. See Gregory in the Proleg. to Tdf: edition 8, p. 76ff; Hort in WHs Appendix, p. 149; Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Studien und Kritiken for 1862, p. 179f; especially Meisterhans, p. 46) STRONGS NT 1722: ενκ(ενκ(, see εγκ( and under the word ἐν, III. 3. STRONGS NT 1722: ενπ(ενπ( see εμπ( and under the word ἐν, III. 3 fine print.

ἐν en 2,752x followed by the dat., in, Mat_8:6 ; Mar_12:26 ; Rev_6:6 ,; upon, Luk_8:32 ; among, Mat_11:11 ; before, in the presence of, Mar_8:38 ; in the sight, estimation of, 1Co_14:11 ; before, judicially, 1Co_6:2 ; in, of state, occupation, habit, Mat_21:22 ; Luk_7:25 ; Rom_4:10 ; in the case of, Mat_17:12 ; in respect of, Luk_1:7 ; 1Co_1:7 ; on occasion of, on the ground of, Mat_6:7 ; Luk_1:21 ; used of the thing by which an oath is made, Mat_5:34 ; of the instrument, means, efficient cause, Rom_12:21 ; Act_4:12 ; equipped with, furnished with, 1Co_4:21 ; Heb_9:25 ; arrayed with, accompanied by, Luk_14:31 ; Jud_1:14 ; of time, during, in the course of, Mat_2:1 ; in NT of demoniacal possession, possessed by, Mar_5:2

ἐν , prep . (the most freq . of all in NT), c . dat . ( = Heb . בּΐ , Lat. in, c . abl.). I. Of place, c . dat . rei , pers ., in, within, on, at, by, among: ἐν τ . πόλει , Luk_7:37 ; τ . ὀφθαλμῷ , Mat_7:3 ; τ . κοιλία , Mat_12:40 ; τ . ὄρει , 2Pe_1:18 ; τ . θρόνῳ , Rev_3:21 ; τ . δεξιᾷ τ . θεοῦ , Rom_8:34 ; ἐν ὑμῖν , Luk_1:1 ; of books, ἐν τ . βιβλίῳ , Gal_3:10 ; τ . νόμῳ , Mat_12:5 , al. ; ἐν τοῖς τ . Πατρός μου , in my Father's house ( RV ; cf. M , Pr., 103), Luk_2:49 ; trop., of the region of thought or feeling, ἐν τ . καρδίᾳ . (-αις ), Mat_5:28 , 2Co_4:6 , al. ; τ . συνειδήσεσιν , 2Co_5:11 ; after verbs of motion, instead of εἰς (con\-structio prζgnans, a usage extended in late Gk . beyond the limits observed in cl .; cf. B1., § 41, 1; M , Th ., 12), ἀποστέλλω . . . ἐν , Mat_10:16 ; δέδωκεν ἐν τ . χειρί ( cf. τιθέναι ἐν χερσί , Hom ., Iliad., i, 441, al. ), Joh_3:35 ; id . after verbs of coming and going (not in cl .), εἰσῆλθε , Luk_9:46 ; ἐξῆλθεν , Luk_7:17 . II. Of state, condition, form, occupation, etc.: ἐν ζωῇ , Rom_5:10 ; ἐν τ . θανάτῳ , 1Jn_3:14 ; ἐν πειρασμοῖς , 1Pe_1:6 ; ἐν εἰρήνῃ , Mar_5:25 ; ἐν δόξῃ , Php_4:19 ; ἐν πραΰτητι , Jas_3:13 ; ἐν μυστηρίῳ , 1Co_2:7 ; ἐν τ . διδαχῇ , Mar_4:2 ; of a part as contained in a whole, ἐν τ . ἀμπέλῳ , Joh_15:4 ; ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι , Rom_12:4 ; of accompanying objects or persons (simple dat . in cl .), with, ἐν αἵματι , Heb_9:25 ; ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν , Luk_14:31 ( cf. Jud_1:14 , Act_7:14 ); similarly ( cl .), of clothing, armour, arms, ἐν στολαῖς , Mar_12:38 ; ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ , Jas_2:2 ; ἐν μαχαίρῃ , Luk_22:49 ; classify under III; ἐν ῥάβδῳ , 1Co_4:21 ( cf. ἐν τόξοις , Xen ., Mem., 3, 9, 2); of manner ( cl .), ἐν τάχει ( = λαχέως ), Luk_18:8 ( cf. 131., § 41, 1); of spiritual influence, ἐν πνεύματι , Rom_8:9 ; ἐν Papyri ἀκαθάρτῳ , Mar_1:23 ; of the mystical relation of the Christian life and the believer himself, to God and Christ ( cf. ICC , Ro., 160 f .; Mayor On Jud_1:1 ; M , Pr., 103): ἐν Χριστῷ (Ἰησοῦ ), ἐν κυρίῳ , Rom_3:24 ; Rom_6:11 , 1Co_3:1 ; 1Co_4:10 , 2Co_12:2 , Gal_2:17 , Eph_6:21 , Col_4:7 , 1Th_4:16 , al. III. Of the agent, instrument or means (an extension of cl . ἐν of instr.- v. LS , sv. III--corresponding to similar use of Heb . בּΐ ), by, with: ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος ( = cl . παρά , c . dat .), 1Co_6:2 ; ἐν τ . ἄρχοντι τ . δαιμονίων , Mat_9:34 ; ἐν αἵματι , Heb_9:22 ; ἐν ὕδατι , Mat_3:11 , al. ; ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἀποκτενεῖ ( cf. the absol. ἐν μ ., ἐν ῥάβδῳ supr ., II, which some would classify here), Rev_13:10 ( cf. 68). Allied to this usage and distinctly Semitic are the following: ἠγόρασας . . . ἐν τ . αἵματι σου ( cf. BDB , s.v. , III, 3), Rev_5:9 ; ὁμολογεῖν ἐν ( = Aram. בּ ΰζγι ; cf. McNeile on Mt, l.c .; M , Pr., 104), Mat_10:32 , Luk_12:8 ; ὀμνύναι ἐν ( = cl . acc , so Jas_5:12 ), Mat_5:34 , al. ; also at the rate of, amounting to, Mar_4:8 ( WH ; vv. ll , εἱς , ἓν ), Act_7:14 ( LXX ). I V. Of time, (a) in or drng a period: ἐν τ . ἡμέρᾳ (νυκτί ), Joh_11:9 , al. ; ἐν σαββάτῳ , Mat_12:2 , al. : ἐν τῷ μεταξύ , meanwhile, Joh_4:31 ; (b) at the time of an event: ἐν τ . παρουσίᾳ , 1Co_15:23 ; ἐν τ . ἀναστάσει , Mat_22:28 ; ( c ) c . art. inf ., (α ) pre. (so sometimes in cl ., but not as in NT = ἕως ; v. M , Pr., 214) while : Mat_13:4 , k 6:48, Gal_4:18 , al. ; (β ) aor. , when after: Luk_9:36 , al. ; (d) within ( cl .): Mat_27:40 . V. In composition: (i) meaning: (a) with adjectives, it signifies usually the possession of a quality, as ἐνάλιος , ἔνδοξος ; (b) with verbs, continuance in ( seq . ἐν ) or motion into ( seq . εἱς ), as ἐμμένω ἐμβαίνω . (ii) Assimilation: ἐν becomes μ - before β , μ , π , φ , ψ ; ἐγ - before γ , κ , ξ , χ ; ἐλ - before λ . But in the older MSS of NT, followed by modern editions, assimilation is some\-times neglected, as in ἐνγράφω , ἐνκαινίζω , etc.

ἐν [page 209] It is impossible in our limits to deal exhaustively with the extended uses in late Greek of this maid-of-all-work among the prepositions. Most of these uses, so far as they touch upon points of interpretation in the NT, are referred to in Moulton s Prolegomena (see Index s.v. ), and the evidence there adduced from the Κοινή may be supplemented from the Dissertations by Kuhring and Rossberg (for full titles see Abbreviations ). As however these Dissertations are not readily accessible, it may be well with their aid to illustrate the developments of ἐν here, as far as our space permits. We may begin with its encroachment in Hellenistic upon the use of the simple cases. Thus P Par 63 xiii. 3 (B.C. 165) ἐνεσχημένους ἔν τισιν ἀγνοήμασιν may be compared with the Pauline Gal_5:1 μὴ πάλιν ζυγῷ δουλείας ἐνέχεσθε , and in P Oxy III. 488 .17 (ii/iii A.D.) παρέγραψεν . . πλέον τῆς ὑποστάσεώς μου ἐν ὅλῃ ἀρούρῃ μιᾷ καὶ πρὸς κατ᾽ ἔτος , registered more than my actual substance by one whole aroura and more each year, ἐν is added without materially altering the sense. For this usurping ἐν Kuhring (p. 12) also quotes P Oxy III. 487 .17 (A.D. 156) τὰ ἐκκ ( l. ἐκ ) τῆς χρίας ἐν ἐμὺ ὀφλήματα ἀποδοῦναι , officia mea efficere. In OGIS 56 .7 (B.C. 237) ἐν τῶι ἐν Κανώπωι ἱερῶι , the prepositional phrase represents subj. gen., and in P Petr II. 2 (3) .1 (B.C. 260) (= ib. III. 28 ( c ) .1 ) εἰ ἔρρωσαι καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄ ]λλοις ἀλύπως ἀπαλλάσσεις , it takes the place of the acc. of respect, if the restoration is to be trusted. On ἐν used in the LXX instead of an acc. after αἱρετίζω , εὐδοκῶ , etc., see Thackeray Gr. i. p. 47. The question to the oracle P Fay 137 .8 (i/A.D.) (= Selections , p. 69) χρημάτισόν μοι , ἦ μείνωι ἐν Βακχιάδι ; Answer me, Shall I remain in Bacchias? may serve to illustrate the ordinary local use of ἐν , within the limits of some space, while the closely related idea of proximity is seen in P Tebt I. 60 .88 (B.C. 118) παραδεί (σων ) τῶν ἐν περιμέτρῳ τῆς κώ (μης ). Interesting confirmation of the RV rendering of Luk_2:49 is afforded by P Oxy III. 523 .8 (ii/A.D.) where a certain Antonius invites a friend to dine with him ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδ (ίου ) Σαραπίω (νος ), in the house of Claudius Serapion : cf. Rev L xxxviii. 1 (iii/B.C.) ἐν τοῖς Ἀπολλωνίου τοῦ διοικητοῦ , P Tebt I. 12 .3 (B.C. 118) ἐν τοῖς Ἀμεννέως , in A. s office, and ib. 27 .27 (B.C. 113) ἐν τῶι Ὥρ̣[ου ] βασιλικοῦ γραμματέως . For ἐν denoting condition, state , we may cite Polycrates letter to his father P Petr II. 11 (1) .8 (iii/B.C.) γράφε . . ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ , and such passages as P Par 63 .176 (B.C. 164) (= P Petr III. p. 34) ἕτερός τις ἐμ βαρυ [τέ ]ραι κείμενος ἐξουσίαι , any other persons in high office, P Tebt I. 33 .4 (B.C. 112) (= Selections , p. 30) ἐν μίζονι ἀξιώματι κα [ὶ ] τιμῆι κείμενος , of a Roman senator, ib. 5 .37 (B.C. 118) τὴν ἐν ἀφέσει γῆν , .165 τὴν ἐν ἀρετῆι κειμένην βα (σιλικὴν ) γῆν . See also P Petr II. 39( g ) .16 ἐὰν ἐν δυνατῶι ᾖι . The preposition is used with the verb ἀνδραγαθέω to denote perseverance in a certain course of action in BGU IV. 1205 .14 (B.C. 28) ἀνδραγάθι (= -ει ) ἐν τῆι ἀριθμήσ [ι ] καὶ ἐ̣ν̣ [τ ]ῆι εἰσαγωγῆι , and similarly ib. 1206 .13 . P Tebt I. 58 .41 (B.C. 111) shows ἐν = in the number of ἐν οἷς εἰσιν οἱ διὰ τοῦ νομοῦ κω (μο )γρ (αμματεῖς ) : cf. P Par 63 .99 (B.C. 164) (= P Petr III. p. 26) ἐν τοῖς συμπᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις καταριθμεῖσθαι κτλ ., in the expression all men are included, etc., and P Petr II. 4 (6) .16 (B.C. 255 4) δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλωι ἀτιμάζεσθαι , where the meaning is in the presence of for it is a dreadful thing to be insulted before a crowd. From this it is a natural transition to a usage which helps with several NT passages. Thus in P Tebt I. 5 .227 (B.C. 118) we have τὰς δὲ πράζεις τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς , where the editors translate but the executions in cases which come before the collectors, and in support of this rendering compare ib. 27 .99 (B.C. 113) τὸ ἐν αὐτῶι ὀφειλόμενον πρὸς τὴν ἐπιγραφήν , the amount owing to the epigraphe in his department, ib. 72 .832 (B.C. 114 3) ἃς ( sc. ἀρούρας ) ἐν Μαρρεῖ τοπογραμματεῖ , ib. 120 .129 (B.C. 97 or 64) : cf. 1Co_6:2 ; 1Co_14:11 , perhaps Jud_1:1 . All are cases where παρά c. dat. might equally have been expected in a classical writer : cf. the variant reading in Mat_21:25 . A good parallel to Act_17:31 is afforded by Syll 850 .8 (B.C. 173 2) κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις οὓς συνείλοντο . Another abnormal use of ἐν = amounting to, as in Act_7:14 (LXX), is seen in BGU III. 970 .14 (ii/A.D.) προσηνένκαμεν αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις a passage which also resembles, in its use with a numeral, the difficult ἐν ( bis ) of Mar_4:8 (WH). [Cannot the εἰς there be at all rates up to thirty-fold?] Cf. also BGU IV. 1050 .8 (marriage-contract time of Augustus) ἱμάτια γυναικεῖα ἐν ἀργυ (ρίου ) δραχμαῖς ἑκατόν , P Oxy IV. 724 .7 (A.D. 155) ἐξ ὧν ἔσχες τὴν πρώτην δόσιν ἐν δραχμαῖς τεσσαράκοντα , ib. I. 56 .8 (A.D. 211) δανειζομένη . . . ἀργύριον ἔντοκον ἐν δραχμαῖς ἑξακισχειλίαις , and P Grenf II. 77 .6 (iii/iv A.D.) (= Selections , p. 120) το ]ὺς μισθοὺς . . ὄντας ἐν δραχμαῖς τριακοσίαις τεσσαράκοντα . Similar are P Oxy IV. 708 .4 (A.D. 188) γόμου . . ἐν (πυροῦ )(ἀρτάβαις ) ᾽Β , BGU I. 72 .11 (A.D. 191) ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε : with which may be compared Eph_2:15 τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν , consisting in. In P Lond 921 .9 (ii/iii A.D.) (= III. p. 134) γεγο̣νέναι ἐν̣ ἀμπέλῳ = to be planted with vines. A predicative use of ἐν is seen in P Hib I. 42 .10 (B.C. 262) δώσομεν Λευκίωι ἐν ὀφειλήματι , as a debt, P Petr I. 12 .14 (cf. II. p. 22) ὅσα δὲ Ἀξιοθέα προσενήνεγκται ἐμ φερνῆι , as dowry, and P Tebt I. 120 .125 (B.C. 97 or 64) ὧν ἔχωι ἐν θέματι , as a pledge. The instrumental use of ἐν , as in Luk_22:49 , 1Co_4:21 , is now rescued from the list of Hebraisms (cf. Deissmann BS , p. 120) by its use in an original Greek document, free from all suspicion of Semitic influence, P Tebt I. 16 .14 (B.C. 114) ἐν μαχαίρηι , armed with a sword : see the editors note where the following additional passages are cited, ib. 41 .5 ( c. B.C. 119) Μαρρείους . . σὺν ἄλλοις πλείοσι ἐν μαχαίραις παρ [α ]γινομένου , 45 .17 (B.C.113), 46 .15 (B.C. 113), P Par 11 .4 (B.C. 157) : add P Tebt I. 48 .19 ( c. B.C. 113) Λύκος σὺν ἄλλοις ἐν ὅπλοις . See also Proleg. pp. 11 f., 61, and the Preface to the 3rd Edit. p. xvii. It should however be noted that Kuhring (p. 43 f.) thinks that ἐν in the above passages is sufficiently explained as ἐν of accompanying circumstances. A good ex. of causal ἐν is afforded by P Par 28 .13 ( c. B.C. 160) where the Twins describe themselves as διαλυόμεναι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ as compared with ib. 27 .14 διαλυόμεναι τῷ λιμῷ , and ib. 26 .9 ὑπὸ τῆς λιμοῦ διαλυόμεναι in similar documents. On the other hand, Syll 891 .11 (ii/A.D.) quoting the LXX Deu_28:22 πατάξαι σε Κύριος ἐν ἀπορίᾳ drops the preposition, and cf. C. and B. ii. p. 609, No. 500 (i/B.C.) where φεισάμενον ἐν ἐπιδώσεσιν is followed by μὴ φεισάμενον ἀναλώμασιν . In Exp T xxviii. p. 322 f. Prof. H. A. A. Kennedy has collected a number of instances of this use of ἐν = because of, on account of, from the LXX and from the Pauline Epp., e. g. Psa. 30꞉ 11 [MT Psa_31:11 ] ἠσθένησεν ἐν πτωχίᾳ ἡ ἰσχύς μου , my strength failed because of my wretchedness, Rom_1:24 ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν , because of the lusts of their hearts, and 1Co_7:14 ἡγίασται γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί , for the unbelieving husband is sanctified on account of his wife. See also Schmid Atticismus , iv. p. 449. We have seen already ( s.v. εἰς ) that εἰς and ἐν can be transposed in late Greek, as when ἐν follows a verb of motionin P Par 10 .3 (B.C. 145) ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ : cf. the late gloss at Joh_5:4 , and for LXX instances see Thackeray Gr. i. p. 25. As paving the way for this usage we may note such a passage as OGIS 90 .13 (Rosetta stone B.C. 196) τοὺς ἐν ταῖς φυλακαῖς ἀπηγμένους . . . ἀπέλυσε τῶν ἐνκεκλ (η )μένων , where the motion implied by the verb is accompanied by the thought of the rest following on that motion the men were led off to prison and remained there until freed from the charges of which they had been convicted. See further Hatzidakis Einl. p. 210 f., and note that Thumb ( Neue Jahrb. 1906, p. 253) commenting on Heitmόller s proof ( Im Namen Jesu , Gφttingen 1903) that εἰς (τὸ ) ὄνομα belonged, in various nuances , to Greek mercantile phraseology, while ἐν (τῷ ) ὀνόματι was almost exclusively Jewish, though not foreign to the genius of Greek, observes that the promiscuity of εἰς and ἐν in Hellenistic explains the survival of the more literary archaizing ἐν by the side of the common εἰς . The temporal use of ἐν to denote the period within which anything is done is naturally very common, e. g. Syll 177 .15 (B.C. 303) ἐ [ν ] ἔτεσιν τρίσιν , P Eleph 20 .27 (iii/B.C.) ἐν τοῖς καθήκουσιν χρόνοις , P Tebt II. 386 .21 (B.C. 12) ἐκτίσω ἐν ἡμέραις τριάκοντα , P Oxy II. 275 .40 (A.D. 66) ἕκαστα ποιήσω ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ ἑνί , and P Tebt II. 591 (ii/iii A.D.) ἐγὼ γὰρ ἠ ( l. εἰ ) μὴ συνκομίσω τὸν χόρτον ἐν τρίσι ἡμέραις (cf. Joh_2:21 ) οὐ δύναμε ( l. -μαι ) αὐτὰ καταλῖψαι . For ἐν in adverbial phrases, see P Eleph 10 .7 (B.C. 223 2) τῶν λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμωι ὄντων , P Hib I. 47 .35 (B.C. 256) ἀπόστειλον . . ἐν τάχει (cf. Luk_18:8 , Rom_16:20 , Rev_1:1 ; Rev_22:6 ). The characteristically Lukan usage of ἐν τῷ followed by an inf. can no longer be ranked as a pure Hebraism, but belongs rather to the category of possible but unidiomatic Greek (see Proleg. pp. 14, 215, 249), though it should be noted that as yet no parallel has been found for it with the sense during : see P Par 63 .95 (B.C. 164) (= P Petr III. p. 26) τίς γὰρ οὕτως ἐστὶν ἀνάλητος (?) ἐν τῶι λογίζεσθαι ; for who is so utterly wanting in reason ? and P Oxy IV. 743 .35 (B.C. 2) where it is = διὰ τό : ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλω (νίῳ ), owing to my worries I was unable to meet A. (Edd.). In his monograph Die neutestamentliche Formel in Christo Jesu (Marburg, 1892) Deissmann has conclusively shown the originality of Paul s use, though the idea of the mystic indwelling may rightly be traced to the Lord s own teaching, see SH on Rom_6:11 . The Psenosiris letter, P Grenf II. 73 .3 (late iii/A.D.) (= Selections , p. 117), is addressed Ἀπόλλωνι . . ἀγαπητῷ ἀδελφῷ ἐν Κ (υρί )ῳ , and concludes with the prayer .21 f. ἐρρῶσθαί σε εὔχομαι ἐν Κ (υρί )ῳ Θ (ε )ῷ . We may conclude with a few miscellaneous examples P Petr I. 22 (1) .4 τοῦ ἐν ταῖς προσόδοις , who controls the revenues (Ed.), P Lille I. 7 .77 (iii/B.C.) ἃ ἐδεδώκειν ἐν φυ (λακῆι ), had given me to keep, P Hib I. 113 .15 ( c. B.C. 260) ἐν Τοτοῆι Πάσιτος λογευτῆι ὧι μηθὲν ὑπάρχει , owed by Totoλs son of Pasis, tax-collector, who has no property (Edd.), P Par 66 .71 (iii/B.C.) λ [οι ]πά , ἀφ᾽ ὧν ἐν τοῖς γεωργο [ῖ ]ς κτλ ., a curious usage which Smyly (P Petr III. p. 344) understands as = of this remainder (so much) is due from the cultivators, P Lond 1171 .45 (B.C. 8) (= III. p. 179) ἀνθ᾽ ὧν τῶν ἐπάνωι ἐν ὑπερδαπανήμασι , under the head of deficits, and from the inscrr. Syll 178 .11 (iv/B.C.) καθάπερ καὶ Φίλιππος ἔδωκεν ἐμ πατρικοῖς καὶ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐκγόνοις , where Dittenberger notes, eodem iure ac si a patre hereditatem accepisset. In MGr ἐν has been supplanted by εἰς , though it survives as a prefix in such disguised forms as μπίνω , μπάζω , ντρέπομαι .

ἐν ( e)n prep )( e)ni/ prep ) ( ei)n prep ) ( ei)ni/ prep ) "in, among. c. dat." Lat. in. PREP. WITH DAT.: OF PLACE "in", ἐν νήσῳ, ἐν Τροίῃ, etc., Hom. , etc.:—elliptic, ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο (sc. οἴκῳ) Od. ; εἰν Ἀΐδαο Il. ; ἐν παιδοτρίβου "at the school of" the training master, Ar. "in, upon", ἐν οὔρεσι Hom. , etc. "in the number of, amongst", ἐν Δαναοῖς, etc., Hom. ; and with Verbs of ruling, ἄρχειν, ἀνάσσειν ἐν πολλοῖς to be first or lord "among" many, i. e. "over" them, id=Hom. ; cf. ὁ, τό B. III. 3. "in one's hands, within one's reach or power", Lat. penes, Hom. , etc.; ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Soph. ; ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν Dem. "in respect of", ἐν γήρᾳ "in point of" age, Soph. when ἐν is used with Verbs of motion, where we use the prep. "into", the construction is called "pregnant", πίπτειν ἐν κονίῃσι "to fall [to" the dust and lie] "in" it; οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ Od. , etc. OF THE STATE, CONDITION, POSITION, in which one is: "of outward circumstances", ἐν πολέμῳ, etc., Hom. ; ἐν λόγοις εἶναι to be engaged "in" oratory, Plat. ; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, Thuc. ; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, id=Thuc. "of inward states", of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι Il. ; ἐν φόβῳ εἶναι to be "in" fear, ἐν αἰσχύνῃ, etc.; also, ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Thuc. ; ἐν αἰτίᾳ ἔχειν τινά to blame him, Hdt. often with a neut. adj., ἐν βραχεῖ ῀ βραχέως, Soph. ; ἐν τάχει ῀ ταχέως, id=Soph. ; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιεῖσθαι Hdt. ; ἐν ἴσῳ ῀ ἴσως, Thuc. OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, "in or with", ἐν πυρὶ πρῆσαι Il. ; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶν have the object "in" one's eye, Lat. in oculis, Hom. ; ἐν λιταῖς "by" prayers, ἐν δόλῳ "by" deceit, Aesch. , etc. OF TIME, "in, in the course of", ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ Il. ; ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ἐν νυκτί Hdt. , attic; ἐν ᾧ (sc. χρόνῳ), "while", Hdt. :— ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς "in the time of" the truce, Xen. "in, within", ἐν ἔτεσι πεντήκοντα Thuc. ; ἐν τρισὶ μησί Xen. WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ . . : "and therein", Hom. "and among them", Il. "and besides, moreover", Hom. , Soph. IN COMPOS.: with Verbs, the prep. retains its sense of being "in or at" a place, etc., c. dat., or foll. by εἰς or ἐν. with Adjs., it qualifies, as in ἔμπικρος, "rather" better; or expresses the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος, "with" blood "in it", ἔμφωνος "with" a voice. ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ χ; ἐλ- before λ; and in a few words ἐρ- before ρ.

ἐν, prep, (the most frequently of all in NT), with dative (= Heb. בְּ, Lat. in, with abl.). __I. Of place, with dative of thing(s), of person(s), in, within, on, at, by, among: ἐν τ. πόλει, Luk.7:37; τ. οφθαλμῷ, Mat.7:3; τ. κοιλίᾳ, Mat.12:40; τ. ὄρει, 2Pe.1:18; τ. θρόνῳ, Rev.3:21; τ. δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ, Rom.8:34; ἐν ἡμῖν Abbott-Smith has ὑμῖν., Luk.1:1; of books, ἐν τ. βιβλίῳ, Gal.3:10; τ. νόμῳ, Mat.12:5, al.; ἐν τοῖς τ. Πατρός, in my Father's house (RV; cf. M, Pr., 103), Luk.2:49; trop., of the region of thought or feeling, ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ (-αις), Mat.5:28, 2Co.4:6, al.; τ. συνειδήσεσιν, 2Co.5:11; after verbs of motion, instead of εἰς (constructio praegnans, a usage extended in late Gk. beyond the limits observed in cl.; cf. Bl., §41, 1; M, Th., 12), ἀποστέλλω . . . ἐν, Mat.10:16. δέδωκεν ἐν τ. χειρί (cf. τιθέναι ἐν χερσί, Hom., Il., i, 441, al.), Jhn.3:35; id. after verbs of coming and going (not in cl.), εἰσῆλθε, Luk.9:46; ἐξῆλθεν, Luk.7:17. __II. Of state, condition, form, occupation, etc.: ἐν ζωῇ, Rom.5:10; ἐν τ. θανάτῳ, 1Jn.3:14; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1Pe.1:6; ἐν εἰρήνῃ, Mrk.5:25; ἐν δόξῃ, Php.4:19; ἐν πραΰτητι, Jas.3:13; ἐν μυστηρίῳ, 1Co.2:7; ἐν τ. διδαχῇ, Mrk.4:2; of a part as contained in a whole, ἐν τ. ἀμπέλῳ, Jhn.15:4; ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, Rom.12:4; of accompanying objects or persons (simple dative in cl.), with, ἐν αἵματι, Heb.9:25; ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν, Luk.14:31 (cf. Ju 14, Act.7:14); similarly (cl.), of clothing, armour, arms, ἐν στολαῖς, Mrk.12:38; ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ, Jas.2:2; ἐν μαξαίρῃ, Luk.22:49; ἐν ῥάβδῳ, 1Co.4:21 (cf. ἐν τόξοις, Xen., Mem., 3, 9, 2); of manner (cl.), ἐν τάχει (= ταχέως), Luk.18:8 (cf. Bl., §41, 1); of spiritual influence, ἐν πνεύματι, Rom.8:9; ἐν π. ἀκαθάρτῳ, Mrk.1:23; of the mystical relation of the Christian life and the believer himself, to God and Christ (cf. ICC, Ro., 160f.; Mayor on Ju 1; M, Pr., 103): ἐν Χριστῷ, Rom.3:24, 6:11, 1Co.3:1, 4:10, 2Co.12:2, Gal.2:17, Eph.6:21, Col.4:7, 1Th.4:16, al. __III. Of the agent, instrument or means (an extension of cl. ἐν of instr.—see LS, see word Ill—corresponding to similar use of Heb. בְּ), by, with: ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (= cl. παρά, C. dative), 1Co.6:2; ἐν τ. ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων, Mat.9:34; ἐν αἵματι, Heb.9:22; ἐν ὕδατι, Mat.3:11, al.; ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἀποκτενεῖ (cf. the absol. ἐν μ., ἐν ῥάβδῳ, supr., II, which some would classify here), Rev.13:10 (cf. 6:8). Allied to this usage and distinctly Semitic are the following: ἠγόρασας . . . ἐν τ. αἵματι σου (cf. BDB, see word בְּ, III, 3), Rev.5:9; ὁμολογεῖν ἐν (= Aram. אודי בּ; cf. McNeile on Mt, I.with; M, Pr., 104), Mat.10:32, Luk.12:8; ὀμνύναι ἐν (= cl. accusative, so Jas.5:12), Mat.5:34, al.; also at the rate of, amounting to, Mrk.4:8 (WH; vv. ll., εἰς, ἒν), Act.7:14 (LXX). __IV. Of time, __(a) in or during a period: ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ (νυκτί), Jhn.11:9, al.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Mat.12:2, al.; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, meanwhile, Jhn.4:31; __(b) at the time of an event: ἐν τ. παρουσίᾳ, 1Co.15:23; ἐν τ. ἀναστάσει, Mat.22:28; __(with) with art. inf., __(α) present (so sometimes in cl., but not as in NT = ἕως; V. M, Pr., 215), while: Mat.13:4, Mrk.6:48, Gal.4:18, al.; __(β) aor., when, after: Luk.9:36, al.; __(d) within (cl.): Mat.27:40, __V. In composition: (1) meaning: (a) with adjectives, it signifies usually the possession of a quality, as ἐνάλιος, ἐν́δοξος; (b) with verbs, continuance in (before ἐν) or motion into (before εἰς), as ἐμμένω, ἐμβαίνω. (ii) Assimilation: ἐν becomes ἐμ- before β, μ, π, φ, ψ; ἐγ- before γ, κ, ξ, χ; ἐλ- before λ. But in the older MSS of NT, followed by modern editions, assimilation is sometimes neglected, as in ἐνγράφω, ἐγκαινίζω, etc. (AS)