Quick Definition
I torment, pain
Strong's Definition
to grieve
Derivation: from G3601 (ὀδύνη);
KJV Usage: sorrow, torment
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
ὀδυνάω, ὀδύνω: present indicative passive ὀδυνῶμαι; present indicative middle 2 person singular ὀδυνᾶσαι (see κατακαυχάομαι), participle ὀδυνωμενος; (ὀδύνη); to cause intense pain; passive to be in anguish, be tormented: Luk_16:24 f; middle to torment or distress oneself (A. V. to sorrow), Luk_2:48; ἐπί τίνι, Act_20:38. (Aristophanes, Sophocles, Euripides, Plato, others; the Sept..)
Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary
ὀδυνάω odynaō 4x
to pain either bodily or mentally;
pass. to be in an agony, be tormented, Luk_2:48 ; Luk_16:24-25 ;
to be distressed, grieved, Act_20:38
Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon
ὀδυνάω , -ῶ
( < ὀδύνη ),
[in LXX : Zec_9:5 ( H2342 ), Zec_12:10 ( H4843 hi .), Lam_1:13 ( H1739 ), Wis_14:24 , al. ;]
to cause pain or suffering ; pass . and mid ., to suffer pain, be tormented or greatly distressed: Luk_2:48 ; Luk_16:24-25 (ὀδυνᾶσαι , v. M , Pr., 53 f .); seq . ἐπί , Act_20:38 .†
Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT
ὀδυνάομαι (~ ὀδυνάω ) [page 438]
suffer pain, rare in prose writers, is used in the NT only by Luke : cf. the Alexandrian Erotic Fragment P Grenf I. 1 .10 (ii/B.C.) ταῦτά με ἀδικεῖ , ταῦτά με ὀδυνᾷ . It occurs quater in Vett. Val., e.g. p. 240 .15 οὗτος ὀδυνώμενος ματαίαν ἡγεῖται τὴν τῆς παιδείας ἐπιβολὴν καὶ εὐδαίμονα προκρίνει τὸν ἀμαθῆ : see also Hobart p. 32 f. For the form ὀδυνᾶσαι ( Luk_16:25 ), see Moulton Proleg. p. 53 f. The word may be from the root of ἔδω (cf. curae edaces in Horace) or it may be connected with δύη (Boisacq, p. 685).
Liddell-Scott — Intermediate Greek Lexicon
ὀδυνάω ὀδυ^νάω, φυτ. -ήσω [Etym: Pass., 2nd sg. ὀδυνᾶσαι in NTest. ] "to cause" one "pain or suffering, to distress", Eur. , etc.:—Pass. "to feel pain, suffer pain", Soph. , Ar. ; ἃ ὠδυνήθην "the pains I suffered", Ar. [Etym: ὀδύνη]
STEPBible — Tyndale Abridged Greek Lexicon
ὀδυνάω, -ῶ
(ὀδύνη), [in LXX: Zec.9:5 (חוּל), Zec.12:10 (מָרַר hi.), La 1:13 (דָּוֶה), Wis.14:24, al. ;]
to cause pain or suffering; pass. and mid., to suffer pain, be tormented or greatly distressed: Luk.2:48 16:24-25 (ὀδυνᾶσαι, see M, Pr., 53 f.); before ἐπί, Act.20:38.†
(AS)
📖 In-Depth Word Study
Grieving (in agony, torment) (3600) odunao
Grieving (present tense = continual grieving)(3600)(odunao from odune = sorrow, torment, grief, pain) means actively to cause intense pain but is used only passively in the NT to describe experiencing (suffering) intense physical pain (Lk 16:24 = Hades) or to experience mental and/or spiritual pain manifest by being grieved, anxious, very worried, deeply distressed.
The NAS translates odunao - agony(1), am in agony(1), anxiously(1), grieving(1)and the KJV as sorrow 2, torment 2.
Odunao - only 4x in Scripture
Luke 2:48 When they saw Him, they were astonished; and His mother said to Him, "Son, why have You treated us this way? Behold, Your father and I have been anxiously looking for You."
Luke 16:24 "And he (Lazarus) cried out and said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus so that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool off my tongue, for I am in agony in this flame.'
Luke 16:25 "But Abraham said, 'Child, remember that during your life you received your good things, and likewise Lazarus bad things; but now he is being comforted here, and you are in agony.
Acts 20:38 grieving especially over the word which he had spoken, that they would not see his face again. And they were accompanying him to the ship.
H C Trumbull...
It is the measure of hope which gives joy or sorrow to a parting. To part with a loved one in the morning, in the confident expectation of meeting again at the day's close, hardly causes a twinge of sorrow to the most sensitive heart. A parting which looks forward to a reunion at the close of a summer's vacation, or of a European tour, or on the return of an anniversary gathering, has more of brightness than of shadow in its firmament. But when the parting is with a soldier son or brother, who is starting out for active service at the front; or with a missionary worker who leaves his country with no thought of a return to it; or, when for any reason the hope of another meeting in this life is faint or is lacking—then its sadness is intensified. So it is when the parting is at the grave's border. Even the brightest-hearted Christian has a right to have sorrow in parting with a loved friend, with no hope of seeing him again on earth. It is not that the friend is a loser by passing out from earth's prison house; but it is that he who remains here shall see that friend's face no more. But even in such a parting, believers in Christ can have hope of a meeting beyond the grave; and this hope it is which should encourage the believer to sorrow not as those who have no hope. (Biblical Illustrator)