οὐρανός, οὐρανοῦ, ὁ (from a root meaning 'to cover,' 'encompass'; cf. Vanicek, p. 895; Curtius, § 509), heaven; and, in imitation of the Hebrew ωΘΡξΗιΔν (i. e. properly, the heights above, the upper regions), οὐρανοί, οὐρανῶν, οἱ, the heavens (Winers Grammar, § 27, 3; Buttmann, 24 (21)) (on the use and the omission of the article cf. Winer's Grammar, 121 (115)), i. e.: 1. the vaulted expanse of the Sky with all the things visible in it; a. generally: as opposed to the earth, Heb_1:10; 2Pe_3:5; 2Pe_3:10; 2Pe_3:12; ὁ οὐρανός καί ἡ γῆ (heaven and earth) equivalent to the universe, the world (according to the primitive Hebrew manner of speaking, inasmuch as they had neither the conception nor the name of the universe, Gen_1:1; Gen_14:19; Tob_7:17 (18); 1Ma_2:37, etc.): Mat_5:18; Mat_11:25; Mat_24:35; Mar_13:31; Luk_10:21; Luk_16:17; Luk_21:33; Act_4:24; Act_14:15; Act_17:24; Rev_10:6; Rev_14:7; Rev_20:11. The ancients conceived of the expanded sky as an arch or vault the outmost edge of which touched the extreme limits of the earth (see B. D. under the word , cf. ); hence, such expressions as ἀπ' ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν, Mat_24:31; ἀπ' ἄκρου γῆς ἕως ἄκρου οὐρανοῦ, Mar_13:27; ὑπό τόν οὐρανόν (δΗωΘΜΡξΗιΔν ϊΗΜηΗϊ, Ecc_1:13; Ecc_2:3, etc.), under heaven, i. e. on earth, Act_2:5; Act_4:12; Col_1:23; ἐκ τῆς (namely, χώρας, cf. Winers Grammar, 591 (550); (Buttmann, 82 (71f))) ὑπ' (here L T Tr WH ὑπό τόν οὐρανόν) οὐρανόν εἰς τήν ὑπ' οὐρανόν, out of lite one part under the heaven unto the other part under heaven i. e. from one quarter of the earth to the other, Luk_17:24; as by this form of expression the greatest longitudinal distance is described, so to one looking up from the earth heaven stands as the extreme measure of altitude hence, κολλᾶσθαι ἄχρι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Rev_18:5 (L T Tr WH) (on which see κολλάω); ὑψωθῆναι ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, metaphorically, of a city that has reached the acme, zenith, of glory and prosperity, Mat_11:23; Luk_10:15 (κλέος οὐρανόν ἱκει, Homer, Iliad 8, 192; Odyssey 19, 108; πρός οὐρανόν βιβάζειν τινα, Sophocles O. C. 382 (381); examples of similar expressions from other writings are given in Kypke, Observations, i., p. 62); καινοί οὐρανοί (καί γῆ καινή), better heavens which will take the place of the present after the renovation of all things, 2Pe_3:13; Rev_21:1; οἱ νῦν οὐρανοί, the heavens which now are, and which will one day be burnt up, 2Pe_3:7; also ὁ πρῶτος οὐρανός, Rev_21:1, cf. Heb_12:26. But the heavens are also likened in poetic speech to an expanded curtain or canopy (Psa_103:2 (); Isa_40:22), and to an unrolled scroll; hence, ἑλίσσειν (T Tr marginal reading ἀλλάσσειν) τούς οὐρανούς ὡς περιβόλαιον, Heb_1:12 (from the Sept. of Psalm 101:26 () manuscript Alex.); καί ὁ οὐρανός ἀπεχωρίσθη ὡς βιβλίον ἑλισσόμενον (or εἱλισσόμενον), Rev_6:14. b. the aerial heavens or sky, the region where the clouds and tempests gather, and where thunder and lightning are produced: ὁ οὐρανός πυρράζει, Mat_16:2 (T brackets WH reject the passage); στυγνάζων, Mat_16:3 (see last reference); ὑετόν ἔδωκε, Jas_5:18; add Luk_9:54; Luk_17:29; Act_9:3; Act_22:6; Rev_13:13; Rev_16:21; Rev_20:9; σημεῖον or ἀπό τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Mat_16:1; Mar_8:11; Luk_11:16; Luk_21:11; τέρατα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ Act_2:19; κλείειν τόν οὐρανόν, to keep the rain in the sky, hinder it from falling on the earth, Luk_4:25; Rev_11:6, (συνέχειν τόν οὐρανοῦ for δΗωΘΜΡξΗιΔν ςΘφΗψ, Deu_11:17; 2Ch_6:26; 2Ch_7:13; ἀνέχειν τόν οὐρανόν, Sir_48:3); αἱ νεφέλαι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Mat_24:30; Mat_26:64; Mar_14:62; τό πρόσωπον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Mat_16:3 (T brackets WH reject the passage); Luk_12:56; τά πετεινά τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (genitive of place), that fly in the air (Gen_1:26; Psa_8:9; Bar_3:17; Jdt_11:7), Mat_6:26; Mat_8:20; Mat_13:32; Mar_4:32; Luk_8:5; Luk_9:58; Luk_13:19; Act_10:12. These heavens are opened by being cleft asunder, and from the upper heavens, or abode of heavenly beings, come down upon earth now the Holy Spirit, Mat_3:16; Mar_1:10; Luk_3:21; Joh_1:32; now angels, Joh_1:51 (52); and now in vision appear to human sight some of the things within the highest heaven, Act_7:55; Act_10:11; Act_10:16; through the aerial heavens sound voices, which are uttered in the heavenly abode: Mat_3:17; Mar_1:11; Luk_3:22; Joh_12:28; 2Pe_1:18. e. the sidereal or starry heavens: τά ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Heb_11:12 (Deu_1:10; Deu_10:22; Euripides, Phoen. 1); οἱ ἀστέρες ... τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Mar_13:25; Rev_6:13; Rev_12:4 (Isa_13:10; Isa_14:13); αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν, the heavenly forces (hosts), i. e. the stars (others take δυνάμεις in this phrase in a general sense (see δύναμις, f.) of the powers which uphold and regulate the heavens): Mat_24:29; Luk_21:26; αἱ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, Mar_13:25 (Hebrew δΗωΘΜΡξΗιΔν φΐαΘΰ, Deu_17:3; Jer_33:22; Zep_1:5); so ἡ στρατιά τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Act_7:42. 2. "the region above the sidereal heavens, the seat of an order of things eternal and consummately perfect, where God dwells and the other heavenly beings": this heaven Paul, in 2Co_12:2, seems to designate by the name of ὁ τρίτος οὐρανός, but certainly not the third of the seven distinct heavens described by the author of the Test xii. Patr., Levi § 3, and by the rabbis ((cf. Wetstein at the passage; Hahn, Theol. d. N. T. 1:247f; Drummond, Jewish Messiah, chapter xv.)); cf. DeWette at the passage Several distinct heavens are spoken of also in Eph_4:10 (ὑπεράνω πάντων τῶν οὐρανῶν); cf. Heb_7:26, if it be not preferable here to understand the numerous regions or parts of the one and the same heaven where God dwells as referred to. The highest heaven is the dwelling-place of God: Mat_5:34; Mat_23:22; Act_7:49; Rev_4:1 ff (Psa_10:4 (); (f)); hence, Θεός τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Rev_11:13; Rev_16:11 (Gen_24:3); ὁ ἐν (τοῖς) οὐρανός, Mat_5:16; Mat_5:45; Mat_6:1; Mat_6:9; Mat_7:21; Mat_10:33; Matthew 7:50; Mat_16:17; Mat_18:10 (here L WH marginal reading ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ in brackets), ; Mar_11:25 f, etc. From this heaven the πνεῦμα ἅγιον is sent down, 1Pe_1:12 and the passages already cited (cf. 1 b. under the end); and Christ is said to have come, Joh_3:18; Joh_3:31; Joh_6:38; Joh_6:41; 1Co_15:47; it is the abode of the angels, Mat_24:36; Mat_22:30; Mat_18:10; Mat_28:2; Mar_12:25; Mar_13:32; Luk_2:15; Luk_22:43 (L brackets WH reject the passage); Gal_1:8; 1Co_8:5; Eph_3:15; Heb_12:22; Rev_10:1; Rev_12:7; Rev_18:1; Rev_19:14 (Gen_21:17; Gen_22:11); τά ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καί τά ἐπί τῆς γῆς, the things and beings in the heavens (i. e. angels) and on the earth, Eph_1:10; Col_1:16; Col_1:20; γίνεται τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν οὐρανῷ, i. e. by the inhabitants of heaven, Mat_6:10; χαρά ἔσται ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, God and the angels will rejoice, Luk_15:7. this heaven is the abode to which Christ ascended after his resurrection, Mar_16:19; Luk_24:51 (T omits; WH reject the clause); Act_1:10; Act_2:34; Act_3:21; Rom_10:6; (Eph_1:20 Lachmann text); 1Pe_3:22; Heb_1:4 (ἐν ὑψηλοῖς); ; Rev_4:2, and from which he will hereafter return, 1Th_1:10; 1Th_4:16; 2Th_1:7; into heaven have already been received the souls (πνεύματα) both of the O. T. saints and of departed Christians, Heb_12:23 (see ἀπογράφω, b. at the end), and heaven is appointed as the future abode of those who, raised from the dead and clothed with superior bodies, shall become partakers of the heavenly kingdom, 2Co_5:1, and enjoy the reward of proved virtue, Mat_5:12; Luk_6:23; hence, eternal blessings are called θησαυρός ἐν οὐρανῷ, Mat_6:20; Luk_12:33, and those on whom God has conferred eternal salvation are said ἔχειν θησαυρόν ἐν οὐρανῷ (οὐρανοῖς), Mat_19:21; Mar_10:21; Luk_18:22, cf. Heb_10:34 (R G); or the salvation awaiting them is said to be laid up for them in heaven, Col_1:5; 1Pe_1:4; or their names are said to have been written in heaven, Luk_10:20; moreover, Christ, appointed by God the leader and lord of the citizens of the divine kingdom, is said to have all power in heaven and on earth, Mat_28:18; finally, the seer of the Apocalypse expects a new Jerusalem to come down out of heaven as the metropolis of the perfectly established Messianic kingdom, Rev_3:12; Rev_21:2; Rev_21:10. By metonymy, ὁ οὐρανός is put for the inhabitants of heaven: εὐφραίνου οὐρανέ, Rev_18:20, cf. Rev_12:12 (Psa_95:11 (); Isa_44:23; Job_15:15); in particular for God (Dan_4:23, and often by the rabbis, influenced by an over-scrupulous reverence for the names of God himself; cf. Schürer in the Jahrbb. f. protest. Theol., 1876, p. 178f; (Keil, as below)): ἁμαρτάνειν εἰς τόν οὐρανόν, Luk_15:18; Luk_15:21; ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, equivalent to by God, Joh_3:27; ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, of divine authority, Mat_21:25; Mar_11:30; Luk_20:4; ἐναντίον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, 1Ma_3:18 (where the τοῦ Θεοῦ before τοῦ οὐρανοῦ seems questionable); ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἡ ἰσχύς, 1Ma_3:19; ἡ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ βοήθεια, , cf. ; cf. Keil, Comm. üb. d. Büch. d. Macc., p. 20. On the phrase ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν and its meaning, see βασιλεία, 3; (Cremer, under the word βασιλεία; Edersheim 1:265).

οὐρανός ouranos 273x heaven, the heavens, the visible heavens and all their phenomena, Mat_5:18 ; Mat_16:1 ; Mat_24:29 , et al. freq.; the air, atmosphere, in which the clouds and tempests gather, the birds fly, etc., Mat_6:26 ; Mat_16:2-3 ; heaven as the peculiar seat and abode of God, of angels, of glorified spirits, etc., Mat_5:34 ; Mat_5:45 ; Mat_5:48 ; Mat_6:1 ; Mat_6:9-10 ; Mat_12:50 ; Joh_3:13 ; Joh_3:31 ; Joh_6:32 ; Joh_6:38 ; Joh_6:41-42 ; Joh_6:50-51 ; Joh_6:58 ; in NT heaven as a term expressive of the Divine Being, His administration, etc., Mat_19:14 ; Mat_21:25 ; Luk_20:4-5 ; Joh_3:27 heaven, heavens; sky.

οὐρανός , -οῦ , ὁ , [in LXX chiefly for H8064 (hence, often pl ., οἱ οὐ ., v. infr .);] heaven; 1. of the vault or firmament of heaven, the sky and the aerial regions above the earth: opp . to ἡ γῆ , Heb_1:10 , 2Pe_3:5 ; 2Pe_3:10 , ὁ οὐ . και ἡ γῆ , i.e . the world, the universe, Mat_5:18 , Mar_13:31 , Luk_10:21 , Act_4:24 , Rev_10:6 , al. ; ἀπ᾿ ἄκρων οὐ . ἕως ἄ . αὐτῶν (on the absence of art, aft. prep ., v. Bl., § 46, 5), Mat_24:31 ; ὑπὸ τὸν οὐ ., Act_2:5 , Col_1:23 ; ὑψωθῆναι ἕως τοῦ οὐ ., fig ., Mat_11:23 , Luk_10:15 ; σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐ ., Mat_16:1 , Mar_8:11 , al. ; αἱ ν ψέλαι τον οὐ ., Mat_24:30 , al. ; τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐ ., Mat_6:26 , Mar_4:32 , al. ; οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐ ., Rev_6:13 , al. ; pl . οἱ οὐ . (Bl., § 32, 5), Mat_3:16 , Mar_1:10 , Joh_1:32 , 2Pe_3:7 ; 2Pe_3:13 , al. 2. Of the abode of God and other blessed beings: of angels, Mat_24:36 , Mar_12:25 , Gal_1:8 , Rev_10:1 , al. ; of Christ glorified, Mar_16:19 , Luk_24:51 , Act_3:21 , Rom_10:6 , al. ; of God, Mat_5:34 , Rom_1:18 , al. ; ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐ . ( Dalman, Words , 184 ff .), Mat_5:16 ; Mat_6:1 , al. ; θησαυρὸς ἐν σὐ ., Mat_6:20 , Mar_10:21 , al. 3. By meton ., (a) of the inhabit\-ants of heaven: Rev_18:20 ( cf. Rev_12:12 , Job_15:15 , Isa_44:23 ); (b) as an evasive reference to God, characteristic of later Judaism ( Dalman, Words , 204 ff .): Mat_21:25 , Mar_11:30 , Luk_15:18 , Joh_3:27 al. ; ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐ . ( = τοῦ Θεσῦ ; see βασιλεία ).

οὐρανός [page 466] For οὐρανός in the wide sense of sky, heaven, as opposed to γῆ , earth, cf. P Leid G .14 (B.C. 181 145) (= I. p. 42), a prayer to the gods that they would grant to Ptolemy Philometor and Berenice κυριείαν τῶν [ὑ ]πὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν χώρω [ν , dominationem terrestrium regionum (Ed.), and the magic P Lond 121 .261 (iii/A.D.) (= I. p. 93) πρὶν γενέσθε ( l. γενέσθαι ) οὐρανὸν ἢ γῆν ἢ θάλασσαν κτλ . The thought of a series of heavens, as in 2Co_12:2 , may be illustrated from PSI I. 29 .2 ff. (iv/A.D.?) ἐπικαλοῦμέ (= αί ) σ̣ε̣ τὸν καθήμενον ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ οὐρανῷ . . . ἐν τῷ β̄ οὐρανῷ . . . ἐν τῷ γ̄ οὐρανῷ κτλ . P Heid 6 .8 (iv/A.D.) (= Selections , p. 126) πιστεύομεν γὰρ τὴν πολιτία [ν σ ]ου ἐνν οὐρανῷ is evidently a reminiscence of Php_3:20 . On the use of the plur. οὐρανοί in the NT, see Blass Gr , p. 83, and the statistics in Hawkins Hor. Syn. .2 p. 52 f. A new subst. οὐρανουσία occurs in P Lond 121 .831 (iii/A.D.) (= I. p. 110).

οὐρανός οὐρα^νός, οῦ, ὁ, [Etym: only in sg.] "heaven": in Hom. and Hes. , "the vault or firmament of heaven, the sky", conceived as a concave hemisphere resting on the verge of earth, upborne by the pillars of Atlas, Od. , Hes. , etc.; conceived to be of solid metal, χάλκεος, πολύχαλκος, σιδήρεος, Hom. : on this vault the sun performed his course, Od. ; the stars were fixed upon it, and moved with it, for it was supposed to be always revolving, Il. "heaven", as the seat of the gods, above this skyey vault, the portion of Zeus, Hom. ; πύλαι οὐρανοῦ "Heavengate", which the Hours lifted and put down like a trapdoor, Il. in common language, "heaven, the sky", Hom. , etc.; πρὸς οὐρανὸν βιβάζειν τινά "to exalt to heaven", as Hor. "evehere ad Deos", Soph. ; εἰς τὸν οὐρ. ἥλλοντο leapt up "on high", Xen. : "a region of heaven, climate", Hdt. as prop. n. "Uranus", son of Erebus and Gaia, Hes. ; or husband of Gaia, parent of the Titans, id=Hes. , Aesch.

οὐρανός, -οῦ, ὁ, [in LXX chiefly for שָׁמַיִם (hence, often pl., οἱ οὐ., see infr.) ;] heaven; __1. of the vault or firmament of heaven, the sky and the aerial regions above the earth: opposite to ἡ γῆ, Heb.1:10, 2Pe.3:5, 10; ὁ οὐ. καὶ ἡ γῆ, i.e. the world, the universe, Mat.5:18, Mrk.13:31, Luk.10:21, Act.4:24, Rev.10:6, al.; ἀπ᾽ ἄκρων οὐ. ἕως ἄ. αὐτῶν (on the absence of art. aft. prep., see Bl, §46, 5), Mat.24:31; ὑπὸ τὸν οὐ., Act.2:5, Col.1:23; ὑψωθῆναι ἕως τοῦ οὐ., figuratively, Mat.11:23, Luk.10:15; σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐ., Mat.16:1, Mrk.8:11, al.; αἱ νεφέλαι, Mat.24:30, al.; τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐ., Mat.6:26, Mrk.4:32, al.; οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐ., Rev.6:13, al.; pl. (οἱ) οὐ. (Bl., §32, 5), Mat.3:16, Mrk.1:10, Jhn.1:32, 2Pe.3:7, 13 al. __2. Of the abode of God and other blessed beings: of angels, Mat.24:36, Mrk.12:25, Gal.1:8, Rev.10:1, al.; of Christ glorified, Mrk.16:[19], Luk.24:51, Act.3:21, Rom.10:6, al.; of God, Mat.5:34, Rom.1:18, al.; ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐ. (Dalman, Words, 184ff.), Mat.5:16 6:1, al.; θησαυρὸς ἐν οὐ., Mat.6:20, Mrk.10:21, al. __3. By meton., __(a) of the inhabitants of heaven: Rev.18:20 (cf. ib. 12:12, Job.15:15, Isa.44:23); __(b) as an evasive reference to God, characteristic of later Judaism (Dalman, Words, 204ff.): Mat.21:25, Mrk.11:30, Luk.15:18, Jhn.3:27, al.; ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐ. (= τοῦ Θεοῦ); see: βασιλεία). βασιλεία, -ας, ἡ (βασιλεύω), [in LXX chiefly for מַמְלָכָה ,מַלְכוּת ;] __1. prop. abstract, sovereignty, royal power, dominion: Luk.1:33 22:29, Jhn.18:36, Act.1:6, Heb.1:8, 1Co.15:24; λαβεῖν β., Luk.19:12, 15 Rev.17:12; δοῦναι τὴν, ib. 17; ἔχειν β., ib. 18; ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τ. (εἰς τὴν) β., Mat.16:28, Luk.23:42; β. τ. θεοῦ, Rev.12:10. __2. By meton., concrete (MM, Exp., x), __(a) a kingdom, the territory or people over whom the king rules (Est.5:3, al.): Mat.4:8 12:25, 26 24:7, Mrk.3:24 6:23, Luk.4:5, Heb.11:33, al.; __(b) the royal majesty (cf. our phrase His Majesty), the king himself (τ. σπέρμα τῆς β., 4Ki.11:1). __3. In LXX (Wis.6:5, Tob.13:1, al.), Targ. and NT, of the Messianic rule and kingdom, ἡ β. τ. θεοῦ, τ. οὐρανῶν (Heb. מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם, Aram. מַלְכוּתָא דִשׁמַיָּא; see Dalman, Words, 91-147; Cremer, 132, 658), the kingdom of God (on the equivalence of the two phrases, see Dalman, op. cit., 93, 218f.); τ. θεοῦ, Mat.6:33 12:28, al.; τ. οὐρανῶν, Mat.3:2 4:17, al.; τ. Χριστοῦ (מַלִכוּת דִמְשִׁיחא, Targ. Jon. on Isa.53:10), Eph.5:5; τ. κυρίου, 2Pe.1:11, Rev.11:15; τ. Δαυείδ, Mrk.11:10; absol., ἡ β., Mat.4:23, Jas.2:5, al. The kingdom is regarded as present: Mat.11:12, Luk.17:21, Rom.14:17, al.; as that which is to be consummated in the future, Mat.6:10, Mrk.9:1, Jhn.3:5, 2Pe.1:11, al. Noteworthy phrases are: ζητεῖν τὴν β., Mat.6:33; δέχεσθαι, Mrk.10:15; κλρονομεῖν, Mat.25:34; διδόναι, Lk 12:32; παραλαμβάνειν, Heb.12:28; αὐτῶν (τοιούτων) εστὶν ἡ β., Mat.5:3, 10 19:14, Mrk.10:14, Luk.18:16; διὰ τὴν β., Mat.19:12; ἕνεκεν τῆς β., Luk.18:29; εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, κηρύσσειν, διαγγέλλειν τὴν β., Luk.4:43 9:2, 60; ἤγγικεν ἡ β., Mat.3:2, Mrk.1:15; κλεῖς τῆς β., Mat.16:10; κλείειν τὴν β., Mat.23:14; υἱοὶ τῆς β., Mat.8:12 13:38 (cf. Cremer, 132, 658). \ (AS)