Πέτρος, -ov, ὁ, (an appellative prop. name, signifying ‘a stone,’ ‘arock,’ ‘a ledge’ or ‘cliff’; used metaph. of a soul hard and unyielding, and so resembling a rock, Soph. O. R. 334; Eur. Med. 28; Here. fur. 1397; answering to the Chald. Κηφᾶς, q. v., Jn. i. 42 (43)), Peter, the surname of the apostle Simon. He was a native of Bethsaida, a town of Galilee, the son of a fisherman (see *Iwavyns, 3, and "Iwvas, 2), and dwelt with his wife at Capernaum, Mt. viii. 14; ΜΚ. 1. 30; Lk. iv. 38, ef. 1 Co. ix. 5. He had a brother Andrew, with whom he followed the occupation of a fisherman, Mt. iv. 18; Mk. i. 16; Lk. vy. 3. Both were received by Jesus as his companions, Mt. iv. 19; Mk. 1. 17; Lk. v. 10; Jn. i. 40-42 (41-43); and Simon, whose pre-eminent courage and firmness he discerned and especially relied on for the future establishment of the kingdom of God, he honored with the name of Peter, Jn. i. 42 (43); Mt. xvi. 18; Mk. iii. 16. Excelling in vigor of mind, eagerness to learn, and love for Jesus, he enjoyed, together with James and John the sons of Zebedee, the special favor and intimacy of his divine Master. After having for some time presided, in connection with John and James the brother of our Lord [see ᾿Ιάκωβος, 3], over the affairs of the Christians at Jerusalem, he seems to have gone abroad to preach the gospel especially to Jews (Gal. ii. 9; 1 Co. ix. 5; 1 Pet. v.13; Papias in Euseb. 3, 39, 15; for Papias states that Peter employed Mark as ‘interpreter’ (ἑρμηveutns), an aid of which he had no need except beyond the borders of Palestine, especially among those who spoke Latin [but on the disputed meaning of the word ‘interpreter’ here, see Morison, Com. on Mk., ed. 2, Introd. p. xxix. sqq.]). But just as, on the night of the betrayal, Peter proved so far faithless to himself as thrice to deny that he was a follower of Jesus, so also some time afterwards at Antioch he made greater concessions to the rigorous Jewish Christians than Christian liberty permitted; accordingly he was rebuked by Paul for his weakness and ‘dissimulation’ (ὑπόκρισις), Gal. ii. 11 sqq. Nevertheless, in the patristic age Jewish Christians did not hesitate to claim the authority of Peter and of James the brother of the Lord in defence of their narrow views and practices. This is not the place to relate and refute the ecclesiastical traditions concerning Peter’s being the founder of the church at Rome and bishop of it for twenty-five years and more; the discussion of them may be found in Hase, Protestant. Polemik gegen die rom.-kathol. Kirche, ed. 4, p. 123 sqq-; [ef. Schaff, Church History, 1882, vol. i. §§ 25, 26; Sieffert in Herzog ed. 2, vol. xi. p. 524 sqq., and (for reff.) p. 537 sq.]. This one thing seems to be evident from Jn. xxi. 18 sqq., that Peter suffered death by erucifixion [ef. Keil ad loc.; others doubt whether Christ’s words contain anything more than a general prediction of martyrdom]. If he was crucified at Rome, it must have been several years after the death of Paul. [Cf. BB. DD. and reff. u.s.] Ηδ is called in the N. T., at one time, simply Σίμων (once Συμεών, Acts xv. 14), and (and that, too, most frequently [see B. D. 5. v. Peter, sub fin. (p. 2459 Am. ed.)]), Πέτρος and Κηφᾶς (4: v.), then again Σίμων Πέτρος, Mt. xvi. 16; Lk. ν. 8 ; Jn. [i. 42 (43) ]; vi. [8], 68; xiii. 6, 9,24, [36]; xviii. 10, 15, 25; xx. 2, 6; xxi. 2 sq. 7,11, 15; once Συμεὼν Πέτρος (2 Pet. i. 1 where L WH txt. Σίμων) ; Σίμων ὁ λεγόμενος Πέτρος, Mt. iv. 18; X. 2; Σίμων 6 ἐπικαλούμενος Πέτρος, Acts x. 18; xi. 13; Σίμων ὃς ἐπικαλεῖται Πέτρος, Acts x. 5, 32.

Πέτρος Petros 156x

a stone; in NT the Greek rendering of the surname Cephas, given to the Apostle Simon, and having, therefore, the same sense as πέτρα, Peter, Mt. 4:18; 8:14

Πέτρος, -ου, ὁ (i.e. a stone, v.s. πέτρα, Κηφᾶς), Simon Peter, the Apostle: Mt 4:18 10:2, Mk 3:16, Lk 5:8, Jo 1:41, 43, al.

Πέτρος. For the occurrence of the name Peter, both in Greek and Latin, among the inscrr. in the first-century catacomb of Priscilla at Rome, see Edmundson /he Church in Rome, p- 52. The name is found in such early Christian papyrus letters as P land 11° (iii/A.D.) τῷ κυρίῳ pov ἀδελφῷ Πέτρῳ, PST III. 208? (iii/iv A.D.) χαῖρε ἐν K(upt)o, ἀγαπητὲ [ἄδ]ελφε Πέτρε. :

Πέτρος (Petros) — Peter. πέτρος, ὁ (in later Poets ἡ, [Refs 3rd c.BC+], stone (distinguished from πέτρα, which see); in [Refs 8th c.BC+], used by warriors, λάζετο πέτρον μάρμαρον ὀκριόεντα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν πέτροισι πέτρον ἐκτρίβων, to produce fire, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a boulder forming a landmark, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]

2. proverbial, πάντα κινῆσαι πέτρον 'leave no stone unturned', [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of imperturbability, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ᾽ ὀργάνειας [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. a kind of reed, [Refs] —The usual Prose word is λίθος.

[unnamed] (Petros) — [wife of Peter]. πέτρος, ὁ (in later Poets ἡ, [Refs 3rd c.BC+], stone (distinguished from πέτρα, which see); in [Refs 8th c.BC+], used by warriors, λάζετο πέτρον μάρμαρον ὀκριόεντα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν πέτροισι πέτρον ἐκτρίβων, to produce fire, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a boulder forming a landmark, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]

2. proverbial, πάντα κινῆσαι πέτρον 'leave no stone unturned', [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of imperturbability, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ᾽ ὀργάνειας [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. a kind of reed, [Refs] —The usual Prose word is λίθος.

[unnamed] (Petros) — [mother-in-law of Peter]. πέτρος, ὁ (in later Poets ἡ, [Refs 3rd c.BC+], stone (distinguished from πέτρα, which see); in [Refs 8th c.BC+], used by warriors, λάζετο πέτρον μάρμαρον ὀκριόεντα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν πέτροισι πέτρον ἐκτρίβων, to produce fire, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a boulder forming a landmark, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]

2. proverbial, πάντα κινῆσαι πέτρον 'leave no stone unturned', [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of imperturbability, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ᾽ ὀργάνειας [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. a kind of reed, [Refs] —The usual Prose word is λίθος.