πικρός, πικρά, πικρόν (from the root meaning 'to cut,' 'prick'; Vanicek, 534; Curtius, § 100; Fick 1:145), from Homer down, the Sept. for ξΗψ; bitter: properly, Jas_3:11 (opposed to τό γλυκύ); metaphorically, harsh, virulent, Jas_3:14.

πικρός pikros 2x bitter, Jas_3:11 ; met. bitter, harsh, Jas_3:14

πικρός , -ά , -όν (poλt. in cl .), [in LXX chiefly for H4751 ;] 1. sharp, pointed. 2. sharp to the senses; of taste, bitter: opp . to γλυκύ , Jas_3:11 ; metaph ., harsh, bitter: Jas_3:14 .

πικρός [page 513] bitter, (1) literally : P Oxy VIII. 1088 .64 (medical receipt early i/A.D.) καρύων πικρῶ (ν ), (2) metaphorically : P Par 63 .121 (B.C. 164) (= P Petr III. p. 28) τὸ . . . δοκοῦν εἶναι πικρόν , what appears to be harsh (Mahaffy) (cf. Jas_3:14 ), PSI I. 28 .4 (magic tablet iii/iv A.D.) πικραῖς μάστιξιν , and Kaibel 640 .5 f. ( c. ii/A.D.) ἑξηκοστὸν ἔτος πανελεύθερον ἐξεβίωσα καὶ καλὸν τὸ τύχης καὶ πικρὸν οἶδα βίου . For a contrast with ὀξύς sec Plut. Flam. xvii. 2 πικρὸς μὲν οὖν οὐδενί , πολλοῖς δὲ ὀξὺς ἐδόκει καὶ κοῦφος εἶναι τὴν φύσιν .

πικρός πικρός, ή, όν [Etym: from πεύκη] properly "pointed, sharp, keen", ὀϊστός Il. ; γλωχίς Soph. ;metaph., γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι Eur. generally, "sharp" to the senses: of taste, "sharp, pungent, bitter", Hom. , Hdt. :—so of smell, Od. of feeling, "sharp, keen", ὠδῖνες Il. , Soph. of sound, "sharp, piercing, shrill", οἰμωγή, φθόγγος Soph. ; γόοι Eur. metaph., of things, "bitter, cruel", Od. , attic of persons, "bitter, malignant", Solon. , Hdt. , attic; πικρὸς θεοῖς "hateful" to the gods, Soph. ; πικρὸς πολίταις Eur. "embittered, sorrowing", Soph. comp. -ότερος, Sup. -ότατος Pind. , etc. adv. πικρῶς, "bitterly, cruelly", Aesch. , Soph. ; π. ἔχειν τινί, πρός τινα Dem. ; π. φέρειν τι Eur.

πικρός, -ά, -όν (poët. in cl.), [in LXX chiefly for מַר ;] __1. sharp, pointed. __2. sharp to the senses; of taste, bitter: opposite to γλυκύ, Jas.3:11; metaphorically, harsh, bitter: Jas.3:14 (AS)