G4417: πταίω (ptaíō)

G4417 πταίω (ptaíō)

Greek 📖 Word Study

Quick Definition

πταίω v. I stumble, fall, sin

Strong's Definition

a form of 4098; to trip, i.e. (figuratively) to err, sin, fail (of salvation)

KJV Usage: fall, offend, stumble

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

πταίω (G4417)

verb | ἄπταιστος

88.291 · Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior · Sin, Wrongdoing, Guilt

to stumble, to err, to sin (a figurative extension of meaning of πταίω ‘to stumble,’ not occurring in the NT) to fail to keep the law (of God)

ROM 11:11 · JAS 2:10 · JAS 3:2 · JAS 3:2 · 2PE 1:10

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

πταίω; fut. πταίσω; 1 aor. ἔπταισα; (akin to ΠΕΤΩ and πίπτω (ef. Vaniéek p. 466]); fr. [Pind.], Aeschyl., and Hdt. down; 1. trans. τινά, to cause one to stumble or fall. 2. intrans. to stumble: δὶς πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν λίθον, Polyb. 31, 19,5. trop. [ef. Eng. trip, stumble] a. to err, to make a mistake, (Plat. Theaet. c. 15 p. 160 d.) ; to sin: absol. Ro. xi. 11 (ἴδιον ἀνθρώπου φιλεῖν καὶ τοὺς mraiovras, Antonin. 7,22); πολλά, in many ways, Jas. iii. 2; ἐν ἑνὶ (sc. νόμῳ), to stumble in, i.e. sin against, one law, Jas. ii. 10 [but see εἷς, 2 a. fin.]; ἐν λόγῳ (for the [more com.] simple dat.), to sin in word or speech, Jas. iii. 2. b. to fall into misery, become wretched, (often so in Grk. writ.) : of the loss of salvation, 2 Pet. i. 10. [ CE. mpoo-saiw. |

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

πταίω ptaiō 5x

to cause to stumble; intrans. to stumble, stagger, fall; to make a false step; met. to err, transgress, Rom. 11:11; Jas. 2:10; 3:2 (2x); met. to fail of an object, 2 Pet. 1:10*

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

πταίω,

[in LXX chiefly for נגף ni.;]

trans., to cause to stumble (I Ki 4:3, cf. Deiss., BS, 681).

Intrans., to stumble. Metaph., in moral sense, Ro 11:11, Ja 2:10 3:2, II Pe 1:10.†

Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT

πταίω. The metaph. use of πταίω, “stumble,” in the NT (Rom 111! a/.) may be illustrated from the vi/A.p. letter of an advocate, complaining about the treatment of certain cultivators in his employ—P Oxy VIII. 1165" παρακληθῆτε οὖν, εἴτε ἔπταισαν εἴτε οὐκ ἔπταισαν, ποιῆσαι αὐτοὺς ἀπολυθῆναι, “be persuaded, whether they made an error or whether they did not, to have them released”’ (Ed.). The verbis also found in PSI VII. 76758 (a.p. 331 ?) πτέ(-- αὔσαντας τὴν τυχήν, and Sy// 350 (=2768)1° (B.C. 31) πταῖσαι, and a subst. mratpa (for πταῖσμα) in 76.° 456° (c. B.C. 250) πταίματός [τι]νος γενομένου. Cf. M. Anton. vii. 22 ἴδιον ἀνθρώπου φιλεῖν Kal τοὺς πταίοντας, “it is a man’s especial privilege to love even those who stumble” (Haines), and Menander Frag. p. 195 fr. 672": See also Deissmann BS, p. 68.

Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon

πταίω (ptaiō) — to stumble. πταίω, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: future πταίσω [Refs 4th c.BC+]: aorist ἔπταισα [Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect ἔπταικα [Refs 5th c.BC+] — passive, see #1:

I. transitive, cause to stumble or fall, σύνθεσιν ποτὶ ψεύδει [LXX+5th c.BC+]:—passive, to be missed, of things, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὰ πταισθέντα failures, errors, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἃ ἐπταίσθη his failures, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

II. intransitive, stumble, trip, fall, π. πρός τινι stumble against, fall over, π., ὥσπερ πρὸς ἕρματι, πρὸς τῇ πόλει [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρὸς τὰς πέτρας conjecture in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also π. περί τινι, μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς lest Hellas should get a fall over him, i.e. be defeated by him, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. metaphorically, make a false step or mistake, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐὰν πταίωσί τι when they make a blunder, of medical men, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἐλάττω, ἐλάχιστα, τὰ πλείω π., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῇ μάχῃ, τοῖς ὅλοις, τοῖς πράγμασι, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. π. τῆς ἐλπίδος to be baulked of.. , [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

II.4. ἡ γλῶττα π. stutters, [Refs 4th c.BC+]