τιμωρία, -as, 7, (τιμωρός, See τιμωρέω) ; 1. arendering help; assistance, [(Hdt., Thue., al.)]. 2. vengeance, penalty, punishment: Heb. x. 29 (Prov. xix. 29; xxiv. 22; in the Grk. writ. fr. Aeschyl. and Hat. down). [SyN. see κόλασις, fin.]

τιμωρία timōria 1x

punishment, Heb. 10:29*

τιμωρία, -ας, ἡ

(< τιμωρέω), [in LXX: Pr 24:22 (פִּיד), etc. ;]

help, assistance.

vengeance, punishment: He 10:29.†

SYN.: κόλασις, q.v., and cf. MM, xxiv

Or these words the former occurs but once in the N. T. (Heb. x. 29), and the latter only twice (Matt. xxv. 46; 1 John iv. 18): but the verb τιμωρεῖν twice (Acts xxii. 5; xxvi. 11); and κολάζειν as often (Acts iv. 21; 2 Pet. ii. 9). In τιμωρία, according to its classical use, the vindicative character of the punishment is the predominant thought; it is the Latin ‘ vindicatio,’ by Cicero (Inv. ii. 22) explained as that act ‘ per quam vim et contumeliam defendendo aut ulciscendo propulsamus a nobis, et a nostris; et per quam peccata punimus ;’ punishment as satisfying the inflicter’s sense of outraged justice, as defending his own honour, or that of the violated law. Herein its meaning agrees with its etymology, being from τιμή, and οὖρος, ὁράω, the guardianship or protectorate of honour; ‘ Hhrenstrafe’ it — has been rendered in German, or better, ‘ Ehrenrettung, die der Ehre der verletzten Ordnung geleistete Genugthuung’ (Delitzsch). In κόλασις, on the other hand, is more the notion of punishment as it has reference to the correction and bettering of the offender (see Philo, Leg. ad Cai. 1; Josephus, Antt. ii. 6. 8); it is ‘castigatio,? and naturally has for the most part a milder use than τιμωρία. Thus Plato (Protag. 323 6) joins κολάσεις and νουθετήσει together: and the whole passage to the end of the chapter is eminently instructive as to the distinction between the words ; οὐδεὶς κολάξει τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας ὅτι ἠδίκησεν, ὅστις §vu. SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. 25 μὴ ὥσπερ θηρίον ἀλογίστως τιμωρεῖται; . . « ἀλλὰ TOD μέλλοντος χάριν ἵνα μὴ αὖθις ἀδικήσῃ ; the same change in the words which he employs, occurring again twice or thrice in the sentence; with all which may be compared what Clement of Alexandria has said, Pedag.i. 8.70; and again Strom. vii. 16, where he defines κολάσεις as μερικαὶ παιδεῖαι, and τιμωρία as κακοῦ ἀνταπόδοσις. And this is Aristotle’s distinction (Rhet. i. 10): διαφέρει δὲ τιμωρία καὶ κόλασις" ἡ μὲν γὰρ κόλασις τοῦ πάσχοντος ἕνεκά ἐστιν" ἡ δὲ τιμωρία, τοῦ ποιοῦντος, ἵνα ἀποπληρωθῇ : cf. Ethic. Nic. iv. 5. 10, 11: τιμωρία παύει τῆς ὀργῆς, ἡδονὴν ἀντὶ τῆς λύπης ἐμποιοῦσα. It is to these and similar definitions that Aulus Gellius refers when he says (Noct. Ati. vi. 14): ‘ Puniendis peccatis tres esse debere causas existimatum est. Una est que νουθεσία, vel κόλασις, vel παραίνεσις dicitur; cum poena adhibetur castigandi atque emendandi gratia; ut is qui fortuito deliquit, attentior fiat, correctiorque. Altera est quam ii, qui vocabula ista curiosius diviserunt, τιμωρίαν appellant. Ha causa animadvertendi est, cum dignitas auctoritasque ejus, in quem est peccatum, tuenda est, ne pretermissa animadversio contemtum ejus pariat, et honorem levet: idcircoque id ei vocabulum a conservatione honoris factum putant.’? There is a profound commentary on these words in Goschel’s Zerstreute Blitter, part 2, p. 343-360; compare too an instructive note in Wyttenbach’s Animadd. in Plutarch. vol. xii. p. 776. It would be a very serious error, however, to attempt to transfer this distinction in its entireness to the words as employed in the N. T. The κόλασις αἰώνιος of Matt. xxv. 46, as it is plain, is no merely corrective, and therefore temporary, discipline ; cannot be any other than the ἀδιάλειπτος τιμωρία (Josephus, B. J. ii. 8. 11; οὗ, Antt. xviii. I. 3, εἰργμὸς ἀΐδιος), the ἀΐδιοι τιμωρίαι (Plato, Ax. 372 a), with which the Lord elsewhere threatens finally impenitent men (Mark ix. 43-48): for in proof that κόλασις with κολάζεσθαι had acguired in Hellenistic Greek this 26 SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. § vin. severer sense, and was used simply as ‘punishment *- oF ‘torment,’ with no necessary underthought of the bettering through it of him who endured it, we have only to refer to such passages as the following: Josephus, Antt. xv. 2. 2: Mart. Polycar. 2; 2 Macc. iv. 38; Wisd. xix. 4; and indeed to the words of St. Peter himself (2 Hp. ii. 9). This much, indeed, of Aristotle’s distinction still remains, and may be recognized in the scriptural usage of the words, that in κόλασις the relation of the punishment to the punished, in τιμωρία to the punisher, is predominant.

τιμωρία, found in the NT only in Heb 1028, conveys like the verb the idea of giving an offender his deserts, without the thought of azscipline which normally attaches to κόλασις. So in P Lond 1171 verso (c)¥® (A.D. 42) (ΞΞ 111. p. 107) κατὰ τούτου TH ἀνωτάτω χρήσομαι τειμωρίᾳ, a prefect threatens those who employ unauthorized violence and forced labour (=I. p. 105) 6 κτίσας τὴν avayKy(v), καὶ τιμωρίαν, καὶ τὴν βάσανον, and BGU IV. το4ϊν. 117 (iv/vy a.p.) ἐκδέξι το[ίνυν] τὴ [ἡ]}]ν ἕως κεφ[αλῆ]ς τ[ιἹμωρίαν ---ααὶ sentence of ““capital punishment.

τιμωρία (timōria) — punishment. τῑμωρ-ία, Ionic -ίη, ἡ, retribution, vengeance (differing from κόλασις, corrective punishment, [NT+5th c.BC+]; πατρὸς τ. vengeance taken for him, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μητρὸς αἵματος τιμωρίαι for having shed a mother's blood, [Refs]; ἐπὶ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ τ. for the purpose of punishing us, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ κατὰ τῶν προδιδόντων τ. vengeance against or upon.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] execute vengeance, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τινος on one, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but παρά τινος λαμβάνειν τ. exact it from him, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; of the wrongdoer, τ. Ἀθηνῶν ηὗρε found, i.e. suffered, vengeance at Athens' hand, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τιμωρίας τυγχάνειν to be punished, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc. (but also, obtain vengeance, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of persons in authority, αἱ τ. εἰσὶ παρὰ τῶν θεῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τ. δοῦναί τινι give him right of vengeance, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: plural, penalties, λαμβάνειν τὰς ἀξίας τ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ταῖς ἐσχάταις τιμωρεῖσθαι τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of state-punishments, [LXX]; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν τ. [Refs 1st c.AD+]; of divine punishments, ἐξορκίζω σε.. κατὰ <τῶν ἐπὶ> τῶν τ. τεταγμένων [Refs]

II. succour, εὑρήσεται τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ ἀφ᾽ ὑμῶν τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τ. τοῦ τεθνεῶτος due to him, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. of medical and, [Refs 5th c.BC+]