Quick Definition
υἱός, οῦ, ὁ n.m. a son, descendent
Strong's Definition
apparently a primary word; a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
KJV Usage: child, foal, son
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament
noun, m. | -οῦ | υἱοθεσία
10.42 · Kinship Terms · Kinship Relations Involving Successive Generations
son an immediate male offspring
MAT 1:21 · MAT 1:23 · MAT 1:25 · MAT 7:9 · MAT 10:37 · MAT 13:55 · MAT 17:15 · MAT 20:20 · MAT 20:20 · MAT 20:21 · MAT 21:37 · MAT 21:37 · MAT 21:38 · MAT 22:2 · MAT 23:35 · MAT 26:37 · MAT 27:56 · MRK 6:3 · MRK 9:17 · MRK 10:35 · MRK 10:46 · MRK 12:6 · MRK 12:6 · LUK 1:13 · LUK 1:31 · LUK 1:36 · LUK 1:57 · LUK 2:7 · LUK 3:2 · LUK 3:23 · LUK 4:22 · LUK 5:10 · LUK 7:12 · LUK 9:38 · LUK 9:41 · LUK 11:11 · LUK 12:53 · LUK 12:53 · LUK 14:5 · LUK 15:11 · LUK 15:13 · LUK 15:19 · LUK 15:21 · LUK 15:21 · LUK 15:24 · LUK 15:25 · LUK 15:30 · LUK 20:13 · JHN 1:42 · JHN 1:45 · JHN 4:5 · JHN 4:12 · JHN 4:46 · JHN 4:47 · JHN 4:50 · JHN 4:53 · JHN 6:42 · JHN 8:35 · JHN 9:19 · JHN 9:20 · ACT 7:21 · ACT 7:29 · ACT 13:21 · ACT 16:1 · ACT 19:14 · ACT 23:6 · ACT 23:16 · ROM 9:9 · 2CO 6:18 · GAL 4:7 · GAL 4:7 · GAL 4:22 · GAL 4:30 · GAL 4:30 · GAL 4:30 · HEB 11:21 · HEB 11:24 · HEB 12:5 · HEB 12:5 · HEB 12:6 · HEB 12:7 · HEB 12:7 · HEB 12:8 · JAS 2:21 · 1PE 5:13 · REV 12:5
9.46 · People · Persons For Whom There Is Affectionate Concern
my child, my dear friend, my dear man, my dear one, my dear lad (extension of meaning of υἱός[a] ‘son,’ 10.42) a person of any age for whom there is a special relationship of endearment and association The usage of υἱός in HEB 12:5 reflects the relationship between a spiritual father or teacher and a follower.
10.30 · Kinship Terms · Kinship Relations Involving Successive Generations
male descendant (an extended meaning of υἱός[a] ‘son,’ 10.42) a non-immediate male descendant (possibly involving a gap of several generations) Though υἱός[c] is often translated as ‘son,’ speaking, for example, of ‘Joseph son of David,’ this may be very misleading in some languages, since readers would assume that a ‘son’ belonged to an immediately following generation. In some instances a term such as ‘great grandson’ is generalized to mean any individual in the third or in any one of a number of succeeding generations. In place of a phrase such as ‘descendant of David,’ it is sometimes necessary to invert the expression to read ‘David was one of his ancestors.’
MAT 1:1 · MAT 1:1 · MAT 1:20 · MAT 12:23 · MAT 15:22 · MAT 20:30 · MAT 20:31 · MAT 21:9 · MAT 21:15 · MAT 22:42 · MAT 22:45 · MRK 10:47 · MRK 10:48 · MRK 12:35 · MRK 12:37 · LUK 18:38 · LUK 18:39 · LUK 19:9 · LUK 20:41 · LUK 20:44 · ACT 2:17 · ACT 7:16 · ACT 13:26 · HEB 2:6 · HEB 7:5 · HEB 11:22
4.9 · Animals · Animals
foal, offspring the male offspring of an animal (occurring in the NT only with ὑποζύγιον ‘beast of burden,’ 4.7) See the discussion of MAT 21:5 in 4.7.
9.4 · People · Human Beings
son of ..., person of ..., one who is ... (followed by the genitive of class or kind) a person of a class or kind, specified by the following genitive construction For a discussion of υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, see 12.15.
In most languages it is difficult, if not impossible, to represent adequately the meaning of such expressions consisting of the formula ‘son of ...’ without making some significant adjustments. For example, ‘your sons’ in MAT 12:27 may be rendered as ‘your followers.’ In ACT 13:10 ‘son of the Devil’ may be rendered as ‘you are like the Devil,’ while in LUK 16:8 ‘sons of this age’ may be readily translated as ‘people who are typical of this age.’ In MAT 23:15 ‘son of Gehenna’ may be rendered as ‘you who deserve to go to hell,’ and in MRK 3:17 ‘sons of thunder’ may be rendered as ‘men who are like thunder’ or ‘thunderous persons.’ For idiomatic expressions involving ‘sons of ...,’ see 11.13, 11.14, and 11.16.
MAT 5:9 · MAT 5:45 · MAT 12:27 · MAT 13:38 · MAT 23:15 · MAT 23:31 · MRK 3:17 · LUK 6:35 · LUK 10:6 · LUK 16:8 · LUK 20:36 · LUK 20:36 · JHN 17:12 · ACT 4:36 · ACT 13:10 · ROM 8:14 · ROM 8:19 · ROM 9:26 · GAL 3:7 · GAL 3:26 · 2TH 2:3
36.39 · Guide, Discipline, Follow · Follow, Be a Disciple
disciple, follower (a figurative extension of meaning of υἱός[a] ‘son,’ 10.42) one who is a disciple or follower of someone, with the implication of being like the one whom he follows (a reflection of the Semitic use of υἱός in the expression son of) In 1PE 5:13 the meaning of the expression Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου, literally ‘Mark, my son,’ may be ‘Mark, my disciple’ or ‘Mark, my follower.’ On the other hand, υἱός may simply be a means of referring to a younger person in an affectionate manner (see 9.46).
MAT 12:27 · LUK 11:19 · ACT 3:25 · HEB 2:10 · 1PE 5:13 · REV 21:7
11.69 · Groups and Classes of Persons and Members of Such Groups and Classes · Socio-Political
citizen a member of a sociopolitical group with some presumed ethnic relationship
58.26 · Nature, Class, Example · Class, Kind
son of, offspring of, child of, kind of, one who has the characteristics of, person of a kind or class of persons, with the implication of possessing certain derived characteristics
LUK 16:8 · JHN 17:12 · GAL 4:6 · EPH 2:2 · EPH 5:6 · COL 3:6
11.58 · Groups and Classes of Persons and Members of Such Groups and Classes · Socio-Political
Collocation: υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ
the people of Israel, the nation of Israel (an idiom, literally: sons of Israel) the people of Israel as an ethnic entity In translating the expression ‘the people of Israel’ it may be necessary to use an appositional phrase, for example, ‘the people, namely, Israel’ or a relative clause which also serves an appositional function, for example, ‘the people who are Israel.’ In some languages it may be preferable to use a term such as ‘nation’ followed by some expression which will indicate that Israel is simply the name of the nation, for example, ‘the nation called Israel.’
MAT 27:9 · LUK 1:16 · ACT 5:21 · ACT 7:23 · ACT 7:37 · ACT 9:15 · ACT 10:36 · ROM 9:27 · 2CO 3:7 · 2CO 3:13 · HEB 11:22 · REV 2:14 · REV 7:4 · REV 21:12
11.13 · Groups and Classes of Persons and Members of Such Groups and Classes · Socio-Religious
Collocation: υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας
people of God’s kingdom, God’s people (an idiom, literally: sons of the kingdom) people who should properly be or were traditionally regarded as a part of the kingdom of God In a number of languages a literal rendering of ‘sons of the kingdom’ would be relatively meaningless. It is normally possible to use a descriptive phrase in contexts such as MAT 8:12, for example, ‘those who should be a part of the kingdom of God’ or ‘those over whom God should be ruling.’ In this context, as well as in most others, the Greek term traditionally rendered ‘kingdom’ (in speaking of ‘the kingdom of God’) points essentially to the rule of God rather than to any place or time. See also 37.64.
11.16 · Groups and Classes of Persons and Members of Such Groups and Classes · Socio-Religious
Collocation: υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
non-religious people, people of this world, people of this age (an idiom, literally: sons of this age) persons who hold to the value system of the world In some instances ‘the people of this world’ may be rendered as ‘the people who live like most people in the world’ or ‘the people who are concerned only about what people say.’ Sometimes the identification with the world is expressed in contrast with people’s attitude concerning God, for example, ‘people who have no use for God.’
11.7 · Groups and Classes of Persons and Members of Such Groups and Classes · General
Collocation: υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος
wedding guests or friends of the bridegroom (an idiom, literally: sons of the wedding hall) guests at a wedding, or more specifically, friends of the bridegroom participating in wedding festivities A literal rendering of the idiom ‘sons of the wedding hall’ has often been seriously misunderstood, for example, the bride’s children born prior to the marriage.
11.14 · Groups and Classes of Persons and Members of Such Groups and Classes · Socio-Religious
Collocation: υἱοὶ τοῦ φωτός · υἱοὶ τῆς ἡμέρας
sons of the light, children of the light, people of God (idioms, literally: sons of the light, and: sons of the day) persons to whom the truth of God has been revealed and who are presumably living according to such truth. See also 9.4 and 12.15 In a number of languages it is difficult to speak of ‘light’ in the metaphorical sense of the truth that comes from God. Such truth is not to be equated with knowledge, but with the principles and practices of right moral behavior. Because of these difficulties in speaking of ‘truth’ as ‘light,’ a number of translators have preferred to use the expression ‘people of God’ for the phrases υἱοὶ τοῦ φωτός, υἱοὶ τῆς ἡμέρας, and τέκνα φωτός. In some instances, however, it is possible to employ ‘light,’ if this is described as ‘light that comes from God’ or even ‘the true light from God.’
Though there are two expressions, υἱοὶ φωτός and υἱοὶ ἡμέρας, in 1TH 5:5, there does not seem to be any significant difference in meaning. The two phrases simply supplement and reinforce each other.
9.2 · People · Human Beings
Collocation: υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων
people, mankind (a Semitic idiom, literally: sons of men) human beings (equivalent in denotative meaning to ἄνθρωπος[a], 9.1) It is rare indeed that one can reproduce literally the Semitic phrase ‘sons of men,’ since the expression is likely to be interpreted as relating only to the male offspring of fathers.
9.3 · People · Human Beings
Collocation: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Son of Man a title with Messianic implications used by Jesus concerning himself This title ‘Son of Man’ served not only to affirm but also to hide Christ’s Messianic role.
In a number of languages there are serious complications involved in a literal translation of υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ‘Son of Man.’ In the first place, this is likely to be understood in a more or less literal sense of ‘son of a man’ and thus a denial of the virgin birth. Such is particularly true in languages which have two words for ‘son,’ one meaning ‘son of a man’ and the other, ‘son of a woman.’ Under such circumstances, a literal translation would be a clear denial of the virgin birth.
MAT 8:20 · MAT 9:6 · MAT 10:23 · MAT 11:19 · MAT 12:8 · MAT 12:32 · MAT 12:40 · MAT 13:37 · MAT 13:41 · MAT 16:13 · MAT 16:27 · MAT 16:28 · MAT 17:9 · MAT 17:12 · MAT 17:22 · MAT 19:28 · MAT 20:18 · MAT 20:28 · MAT 24:27 · MAT 24:30 · MAT 24:30 · MAT 24:37 · MAT 24:39 · MAT 24:44 · MAT 25:31 · MAT 26:2 · MAT 26:24 · MAT 26:24 · MAT 26:45 · MAT 26:64 · MRK 2:10 · MRK 2:28 · MRK 8:31 · MRK 8:38 · MRK 9:9 · MRK 9:12 · MRK 9:31 · MRK 10:33 · MRK 10:45 · MRK 13:26 · MRK 14:21 · MRK 14:21 · MRK 14:41 · MRK 14:62 · LUK 5:24 · LUK 6:5 · LUK 6:22 · LUK 7:34 · LUK 9:22 · LUK 9:26 · LUK 9:44 · LUK 9:58 · LUK 11:30 · LUK 12:8 · LUK 12:10 · LUK 12:40 · LUK 17:22 · LUK 17:24 · LUK 17:26 · LUK 17:30 · LUK 18:8 · LUK 18:31 · LUK 19:10 · LUK 21:27 · LUK 21:36 · LUK 22:22 · LUK 22:48 · LUK 22:69 · LUK 24:7 · JHN 1:51 · JHN 3:13 · JHN 3:14 · JHN 5:27 · JHN 6:27 · JHN 6:53 · JHN 6:62 · JHN 8:28 · JHN 9:35 · JHN 12:23 · JHN 12:34 · JHN 12:34 · JHN 13:31 · ACT 7:56
12.15 · Supernatural Beings and Powers · Supernatural Beings
Collocation: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Son of God (a title applied to Jesus, literally: son of God; parallel in semantic structure to phrases consisting of υἱός followed by the genitive of class or kind; compare 9.4) one who has the essential characteristics and nature of God Before adopting a translation of υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ such as ‘Son of God,’ one must always investigate the extent to which such an expression might already be used in a particular language. For example, in the Tarahumara language of Mexico mankind is divided into two classes: (1) ‘sons of God,’ who are Tarahumaras and (2) ‘sons of the devil,’ all other people. In these circumstances it is necessary in translating υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ to use an expression which will identify ‘the unique Son of God’ or ‘the one who is truly the Son of God.’
MAT 2:15 · MAT 3:17 · MAT 4:3 · MAT 4:6 · MAT 8:29 · MAT 11:27 · MAT 11:27 · MAT 11:27 · MAT 14:33 · MAT 16:16 · MAT 17:5 · MAT 24:36 · MAT 26:63 · MAT 27:40 · MAT 27:43 · MAT 27:54 · MAT 28:19 · MRK 1:11 · MRK 3:11 · MRK 5:7 · MRK 9:7 · MRK 13:32 · MRK 14:61 · MRK 15:39 · LUK 1:32 · LUK 1:35 · LUK 3:22 · LUK 4:3 · LUK 4:9 · LUK 4:41 · LUK 8:28 · LUK 9:35 · LUK 10:22 · LUK 10:22 · LUK 10:22 · LUK 22:70 · JHN 1:49 · JHN 3:16 · JHN 3:17 · JHN 3:18 · JHN 3:35 · JHN 3:36 · JHN 3:36 · JHN 5:19 · JHN 5:19 · JHN 5:20 · JHN 5:21 · JHN 5:22 · JHN 5:23 · JHN 5:23 · JHN 5:25 · JHN 5:26 · JHN 6:40 · JHN 8:36 · JHN 10:36 · JHN 11:4 · JHN 11:27 · JHN 14:13 · JHN 17:1 · JHN 17:1 · JHN 19:7 · JHN 20:31 · ACT 9:20 · ACT 13:33 · ROM 1:3 · ROM 1:4 · ROM 1:9 · ROM 5:10 · ROM 8:3 · ROM 8:29 · ROM 8:32 · 1CO 1:9 · 1CO 15:28 · 2CO 1:19 · GAL 1:16 · GAL 2:20 · GAL 4:4 · GAL 4:6 · EPH 4:13 · COL 1:13 · 1TH 1:10 · HEB 1:2 · HEB 1:5 · HEB 1:5 · HEB 1:8 · HEB 3:6 · HEB 4:14 · HEB 5:5 · HEB 5:8 · HEB 6:6 · HEB 7:3 · HEB 7:28 · HEB 10:29 · 2PE 1:17 · 1JN 1:3 · 1JN 1:7 · 1JN 2:22 · 1JN 2:23 · 1JN 2:23 · 1JN 2:24 · 1JN 3:8 · 1JN 3:23 · 1JN 4:9 · 1JN 4:10 · 1JN 4:14 · 1JN 4:15 · 1JN 5:5 · 1JN 5:9 · 1JN 5:10 · 1JN 5:10 · 1JN 5:11 · 1JN 5:12 · 1JN 5:12 · 1JN 5:13 · 1JN 5:20 · 1JN 5:20 · 2JN 1:3 · 2JN 1:9 · REV 2:18
1 The shift of meaning from υἱός[a] son (10.42) to υἱός[c] male descendant bears an interesting shift in the distinctive feature of generational succession, for in the case of υἱός[a] the denotation is of one who is one following generation removed from the reference person, while in the case of υἱός[c] the individual is several generations separated from the reference person.
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.
Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary
υἱός hyios 377x
a son, Mt. 1:21, 25; 7:9; 13:55 freq.; a legitimate son, Heb. 12:8; a son artificially constituted, Acts 7:21; Heb. 11:24; a descendant, Mt. 1:1, 20; Mk. 12:35; in NT the young of an animal, Mt. 21:5; a spiritual son in respect of conversion or discipleship, 1 Pet. 5:13; from the Hebrew, a disciple, perhaps, Mt. 12:27; a son as implying connection in respect of membership, service, resemblance, manifestation, destiny, etc., Mt. 8:12; 9:15; 13:38; 23:15; Mk. 2:29; 3:17; Lk. 5:34; 10:6; 16:8; 20:34, 36; Jn. 17:12; Acts 2:25; 4:36; 13:10; Eph. 2:2; 5:6; Col. 3:6; 1 Thess. 5:5; 2 Thess. 2:3; υἱὸς θεοῦ, κ.τ.λ., son of God in respect of divinity, Mt. 4:3, 6; 14:33; Rom. 1:4; also, in respect of privilege and character, Mt. 5:9, 45; Lk. 6:35; Rom. 8:14, 19; 9:26; Gal. 3:26; ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, κ.τ.λ., a title of the Messiah, Mt. 26:63; Mk. 3:11; 14:61; Jn. 1:34, 50; 20:31; υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, a son of man, a man, Mk. 3:28; Eph. 3:5; Heb. 2:6; ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, a title of the Messiah, Mt. 8:20 freq.; as also, ὁ υἱὸς Δαβίδ, (Δαύιδ) Mt. 12:23
Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon
υἱός, -οῦ, ὁ, [in LXX very freq. and nearly always for בֵּן, Ge 4:17, al.; for בַּר, Da LXX TH 7:13, al.; etc. ;], a son; in the ordinary sense: Mt 10:37, Mk 9:17, Lk 1:13, al. mult.; omitted with the art. of origin (WM, § 30, 3; Bl., §35, 2), τὸν τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, Ac 13:22 (LXX); also c. gen. anarth. (cl.), Σώπατρος Πύρρου Βεροιαῖος, Ac 20:4; c. adj., προτότοκος, Lk 2:7; μονογένης, Lk 7:12; opp. to νόθος, He 12:8; in a wider sense, of posterity: ὁ υἱ. Δαυΐδ, of the Messiah (cf. Dalman, Words, 316 ff.; DCG, ii, 653f .), Mt 22:42, 45 Mk 12:35, 37 Lk 20:41, 44 al.; υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ, (cf. υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, Hom., Il., i, 162, al.), Mt 27:9, Ac 9:15, al.
Metaph.; as belonging to, being connected with or having the quality of that which follows (a usage mainly due to translation from a Semitic original; cf. Deiss., BS, 161ff.; Dalman, Words, 115 f.; DCG, ii, 652f.): τ. πονμροῦ (διαβόλου), Mt 13:38, Ac 13:10; τ. νυμφῶνος (v.s. νυμφών), Mt 9:15, Mk 2:19, al.; τ. φωτός (Lft., Notes, 74), Lk 16:8, Jo 12:36, I Th 5:5; τ. εἰρήνης, Lk 10:6; γεέννης, Mt 23:15; τ. ἀπωλείας, Jo 17:12, II Th 2:3; τ. αἰῶνος τούτου, Lk 16:8 20:34; τ. ἀπειθειάς, Eph 2:2 5:6; βροντῆς, Mk 3:17; τ. ἀναστάσεως, Lk 20:36; παρακλήσεως, Ac 4:36; τ. προφητῶν κ. τ. διαθήκης, Ac 3:25;
υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ (cf. Dalman, Words, 268 ff.; Deiss., BS, 166 f.; DB, iv, 570 ff.; DCG, ii, 654 ff.), of men, as partakers of the Divine nature and of the life to come: Mt 5:9, Lk 20:36, Ro 8:14 9:26, al.; υἱοὶ (κ. θυγατέρες) τ. ὑψίστου, Lk 6:35, II Co 6:18; in an unique sense of Jesus, Mt 4:3 8:29 28:19, Mk 3:4, Lk 4:41, Jo 9:35 11:27, al.; ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱ. τ. θεοῦ ζῶντος (τ. εὐλογητοῦ), Mt 16:16, Mk 14:61;
(ὁ) υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (in LXX for Heb. בּן אדם, Aram, בּר אנשׁ; cf. Dalman, Words, 234 ff.; DB, iv, 579 ff.; DCG, ii, 659 ff.; Westc., St. John, i, 74 ff.; other reff. in Swete, Mk, 2:10), based on the Aram. of Da 7:13, where the phrase, like the corresponding Heb. (as in Ps 8:5), means a man, one of the species, and indicates the human appearance of the person in question. It is used of the Messiah in Enoch, c. 46, §1-4, also in II Es 13:3, 12 , al. Our Lord first makes the phrase a title, using the def. art. It seems to combine the ideas of his true humanity and representative character. Exc. in Ac 7:56 and (anarth.) Re 1:13 14:14, it is used of Jesus only by himself: Mt 8:20, Mk 2:10, Lk 5:24, Jo 1:52, al.
Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon
υἱός (uhios) — son. υἱός, ὁ (written ϝηιός in Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. [Refs 6th c.BC+] —in earlier _Attic dialect_ and other Inscrr. inflected as a ῠ-stem (like πῆχυς), _nominative_ υἱύς (written huihus)[Refs]; dative υἱεῖ: dual υἱεῖ [Refs 5th c.BC+], written ηυιε in [Refs 5th c.BC+] are rejected by [Refs 2nd c.AD+], Thom.Mag.p.367 R., as not Attic dialect, though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα [Refs 3rd c.BC+] is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+] is mentioned as a form that would be regular by [Refs] —Homer uses _nominative_ υἱός (very frequently); genitive υἱοῦ only in [Refs 8th c.BC+], elsewhere υἱέο; dative υἱέϊ or υἱε; accusative υἱέα [Refs 8th c.BC+]: plural, nominative υἱέες [Refs 8th c.BC+]; dative υἱοῖσι (ν) only [Refs 8th c.BC+], belongs solely to later Epic dialect poets, as [Refs 3rd c.BC+] (υιυις lapis); accusative υἱύν [Refs]; genitive υἱέος [Refs 6th c.BC+]; but υἱοῦ [Refs 7th c.BC+]; nominative plural υἱέες [Refs]; accusative plural υἱύνς [Refs 8th c.BC+] which have ρα = ṛ, cf. Sanskrit pitṛ[snull]u); ὑέεσσι [Refs]; υἷος in [Refs 5th c.BC+] is nominative rather than genitive in [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; a nominative ὑϊς (scanned - ?~X) [Refs 6th c.BC+]-in Attic dialect Inscrr. down to [Refs 5th c.BC+] reappears under the Empire; in Plato codex A usually has ὑιος, which is found also in T, codex B always has υἱός, editors restore ὑό; accusative υἱόν is recommended by [Refs 2nd c.AD+] [same place]; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri, ὑός is at all times less common than υἱός:—ὁ υεἱός [Refs]:—son, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα to adopt as a son, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; υἱεῖς ἄνδρες grown-up sons, [Refs 4th c.BC+] Oracle texts cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely of animals, [NT]
2. periphrastic, υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, for Ἀχαιοί, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
3. generally, child, and so υἱ. ἄρρην male child, [NT+3rd c.AD+]
4. frequently in [Refs] years old, [LXX]; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας [Refs]hostages, [LXX+NT]
5. in some dialects, including the Ionic dialect Prose of [Refs 5th c.BC+] is rare in Trag., [Refs 8th c.BC+]
6. as a general term of affection, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; υἱέ, an author's address to the reader, [LXX]
7. δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος, as titles of honour, [Refs 1st c.AD+]
8. υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων sons of men, periphrastic for men (compare above 2,4), [LXX]; οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀ.[LXX+NT]man, [LXX]; of the Messiah,[LXX+NT]; used by Jesus of himself, [NT] (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, [NT]
9. υἱοὶ Θεοῦ sons of God, implying inheritors of the nature of God [NT]; implying participants in the glory of God, [Refs]
9. b of Jesus, τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ [Refs]; ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, [NT]
9. c Θεοῦ υἱός, = Latin [Refs] filius, patronymic of Augustus, [Refs 4th c.BC+]. [Hom.sometimes has the first syllable short in nominative, vocative and accusative singular, οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Simon. [prev. cited] seems to have used a monosyllable nominative υἷς, and Hdn.Gr. may have read it as ὕις (??), but this is uncertain, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+] does not occur.] (Prob. from *sū-yú-s, cf. Sanskrit sūte 'procreate', Tocharian (A-dialogue) se, (B-dialogue) soyä 'son'; different suffix in *sū-nu-s, Sanskrit sūnūs, etc., and in *s[ucaron]-nu-s, O[Refs 5th c.BC+] sunu, etc. (all = son); *sūyú- perhaps became *s[ucaron]wyú-, then *suiwú-; υἱός and υἱόν perhaps by dissimilation from υἱύς υἱύν, since the o-stem forms appear first where υ-υ would otherwise be repeated; ὗϊς (ὑΐς) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin of υἷος υἷι υἷες etc. is uncertain.)