ἀπό (from Homer down), preposition with the genitive (Latina,ab,abs, German von,ab,weg (cf. English of, off)), from, signifying now separation, now origin. On its use in the N. T., in which the influence of the Hebrew ξΔο is traceable, cf. Winers Grammar, 864f (342), 369ff (346ff); Buttmann, 321ff (276ff). (On the neglect of elision before words beginning with a vowel see Tdf. Proleg., p. 94; cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.; Buttmann, p. 10f; WH's Appendix, p. 146.) In order to avoid repetition we forbear to cite all the examples, but refer the reader to the several verbs followed by this preposition. ἀπό, then, is used: I. of separation; and 1. of local separation, after verbs of motion from a place (of departing, fleeing, removing, expelling, throwing, etc., see αἴρω, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀποτινάσσω, ἀποχορέω, ἀφίστημι, φεύγω, etc.): ἀπεσπάσθη ἀπ' αὐτῶν, Luk_22:41; βάλε ἀπό σου, Mat_5:29 f; ἐκβάλω τό καρθος ἀπό (L T Tr WH ἐκ) τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ, Mat_7:4; ἀφ' (L WH Tr text παῥ (which see I. a.)) ἧς ἐκβεβλήκει δαιμόνια, Mar_16:9; καθεῖλε ἀπό θρόνων, Luk_1:52. 2. of the separation of apart from the whole; where of a whole some part is taken: ἀπό τοῦ ἱματίου, Mat_9:16; ἀπό μελισσίου κηρίου, Luk_24:42 (R G, but Tr brackets the clause); ἀπό τῶν ὀψαρίων, Joh_21:10; τά ἀπό τοῦ πλοίου fragments of the ship, Act_27:44; ἐνοσφίσατο ἀπό τῆς τιμῆς, Act_5:2; ἐκχέω ἀπό τοῦ πνεύματος, Act_2:17; ἐκλεξάμενος ἀπ' αὐτῶν, Luk_6:13; τινα ἀπό τῶν δύο, Mat_27:21; ὅν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπό υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ, namely, τινες (R. V. whom certain of the children of Israel did price (cf. τίς, 2 c.); but others refer this to II. 2 d. aa. at the end, which see), Mat_27:9 (ἐξῆλθον ἀπό τῶν ἱερέων, namely, τινες, 1Ma_7:33); after verbs of eating and drinking (usually joined in Greek to the simple genitive of the thing (cf. Buttmann, 159 (139); Winer's Grammar, 198f (186f)): Mat_15:27; Mar_7:28; πίνειν ἀπό, Luk_22:18 (elsewhere in the N. T. ἐκ). 3. of any kind of separation of one thing from another by which the union or fellowship of the two is destroyed; a. after verbs of averting, loosening, liberating, ransoming, preserving: see ἀγοράζω, ἀπαλλάσσω, ἀποστρέφω, ἐλευθερόω, θεραπεύω, καθαρίζω, λούω, λυτρόω, λύω, ῤύομαι, σῴζω, φυλάσσω, etc. b. after verbs of desisting, abstaining, avoiding, etc.: see ἀπέχω, παύω, καταπαύω, βλέπω, προσέχω, φυλάσσομαι, etc. c. after verbs of concealing and hindering: see κρύπτω, κωλύω, παρακαλύπτω. d. Concise constructions (cf. especially Buttmann, 322 (277)): ἀνάθεμα ἀπό τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Rom_9:3 (see ἀνάθεμα under the end); λούειν ἀπό τῶν πληγῶν to wash away the blood from the stripes, Act_16:33; μετανοεῖν ἀπό τῆς κακίας by repentance to turn away from wickedness, Act_8:22; ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀπό τίνος by death to be freed from a thing, Col_2:20; φθείρεσθαι ἀπό τῆς ἁπλότητος to be corrupted and thus led away from singleness of heart, 2Co_11:3; εἰσακουσθείς ἀπό τῆς εὐλαβείας heard and accordingly delivered from his fear, Heb_5:7 (others, heard for, i. e. on account of his godly fear (cf. II. 2 b. below)). 4. of a state of separation, i. e. of distance; and a. of distance of place, of the local terminus from which: Mat_23:34; Mat_24:31, etc.; after μακράν, Mat_8:30; Mar_12:34; Joh_21:8; after ἀπέχειν, see ἀπέχω 2; ἀπό ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω, Mar_15:38; ἀπό μακρόθεν, Mat_27:55, etc. (cf. Buttmann, 70 (62); Winer's Grammar, § 65, 2). According to later Greek usage it is put before nouns indicating local distance: Joh_11:18 (ἦν ἐγγύς ὡς ἀπό σταδίων δεκαπέντε about fifteen furlongs off); Joh_21:8; Rev_14:20 (Diodorus 1:51 ἐπάνω τῆς πόλεως ἀπό δέκα σχοίνων λίμνην ὠρυξε (also 1, 97; 4, 56; 16, 443; 17, 112; 18, 40; 19, 25, etc.; cf. Sophocles Lexicon, under the word, 5): Josephus, b. j. 1, 3, 5 τοῦτο ἀφ' ἑξακοσίων σταδίων ἐντεῦθεν ἐστιν, Plutarch, Aem. Paul c. 18, 5 ὥστε τούς πρώτους νεκρούς ἀπό δυοιν σταδίων καταπέσειν, vit. Oth c. 11, 1 κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀπό πεντήκοντα σταδίων, vit. Philop c. 4, 3 ἦν γάρ ἀγρός αὐτῷ ἀπό σταδίων εἴκοσι τῆς πόλεως); cf. Winers Grammar, 557f (518f); (Buttmann, 153 (133)). b. of distance of Time of the temporal terminus from which (Latinindea): ἀπό τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης, Mat_9:22; Mat_17:18; Joh_19:27; ἀπ' ἐκ τῆς ἡμέρας, Mat_22:46; Joh_11:53; (ἀπό πρώτης ἡμέρας) Act_20:18; Php_1:5 (L T Tr WH τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας); ἀφ' ἡμερῶν ἀρχαίων, Act_15:7; ἀπ' ἐτῶν, Luk_8:43; Rom_15:23; ἀπ' αἰῶνος and ἀπό τῶν αἰώνων, Luk_1:70, etc.; ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, Mat_19:4; Mat_19:8, etc.; ἀπό καταβολῆς κόσμου, Mat_13:35 (L T Tr WH omit κόσμου), etc.; ἀπό κτίσεως κόσμου, Rom_1:20; ἀπό βρέφους from a child, 2Ti_3:15; ἀπό τῆς παρθενίας, Luk_2:36; ἀφ' ἧς (namely, ἡμέρας) since, Luk_7:45; Act_24:11; 2Pe_3:4; ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας, Col_1:6; Col_1:9; ἀφ' οὗ equivalent to ἀπό τούτου ὅτε (cf. Buttmann, 82 (71); 105 (82)), Luk_13:25; Luk_24:21; Rev_16:18 (Herodotus 2, 44; and in Attic); ἀφ' οὗ after τρία ἔτη, Luk_13:7 T Tr WH; ἀπό τοῦ νῦν from the present, henceforth, Luk_1:48; Luk_5:10; Luk_12:52; Luk_22:69; Act_18:6; 2Co_5:16; ἀπό τότε, Mat_4:17; Mat_16:21; Mat_26:16; Luk_16:16; ἀπό πέρυσι since last year, a year ago, 2Co_8:10; 2Co_9:2; ἀπό πρωι<, Act_28:23; cf. Winers Grammar, 422 (393); (Buttmann, 320 (275)); Lob. ad Phryn., pp. 47, 461. c. of distance of Order or Rank of the terminus from which in any succession of things or persons: ἀπό διετοῦς (namely, παιδός) καί κατωτέρω, Mat_2:16 (τούς Λευίτας ἀπό εἰκοσαετοῦς καί ἐπάνω, Num_1:20; 2Es_3:8); ἀπό Ἀβραάμ ἕως Δαυειδ Mat_1:17; ἕβδομος ἀπό Ἀδάμ, Jud_1:14; ἀπό μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου, Act_8:10; Heb_8:11; ά᾿ρχεσθαι ἀπό τίνος, Mat_20:8; Luk_23:5; Luk_24:27; Joh_8:9; Act_8:35; Act_10:37. II. of origin; whether of local origin, the place whence; or of causal origin, the cause from which. 1. of the place whence anything is, comes, befalls, is taken; a. after verbs of coming; see ἔρχομαι, ἥκω, etc.: ἀπό (L Tr WH ἀπ') ἀγορᾶς namely, ἐλθόντες, Mar_7:4; ἄγγελος ἀπ' (τοῦ) οὐρανοῦ, Luk_22:43 (L brackets WH reject the passage); τόν ἀπ' οὐρανῶν namely, λαλοῦντα, Heb_12:25, etc.; of the country, province, town, village, from which anyone has originated or proceeded (cf. Winers Grammar, 364 (342); Buttmann, 324 (279)): Mat_2:1; Mat_4:25; Joh_1:44 (); ; μία ἀπό ὄρους Σινᾶ, Gal_4:24. Hence, ὁ or οἱ ἀπό τίνος a native of, a man of, some place: ὁ ἀπό Ναζαρέθ the Nazarene, Mat_21:11; ὁ ἀπό Ἁριμαθαίας, Mar_15:43; Joh_19:38 (here G L Tr WH omit ὁ); οἱ ἀπό Ἰόππης, Act_10:23; οἱ ἀπό Ἰταλίας the Italians, Heb_13:24 (cf. Winers Grammar, § 66, 6). A great number of examples from secular writings are given by Wieseler, Untersuch. üb. d. Hebräerbr. 2te Hälfte, p. 14f. b. of the party or society from which one has proceeded, i. e. a member of the sect or society, a disciple or votary of it: οἱ ἀπό τῆς ἐκκλησίας, Act_12:1; οἱ ἀπό τῆς αἱρέσεως τῶν Φαρισαίων, Act_15:5 (as in Greek writings: οἱ ἀπό τῆς στοάς, οἱ ἀπό τῆς Ἀκαδημιας, etc.). c. of the material from which a thing is made: ἀπό τριχῶν καμήλου, Mat_3:4 (Winers Grammar, 370 (347); Buttmann, 324 (279)). d. tropically, of that from or by which a thing is known: ἀπό τῶν καρπῶν ἐπιγινώσκειν, Mat_7:16; Mat_7:20 (here Lachmann ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν, etc.) (Lysias in Andocides () § 6; Aeschines adverb Tim., p. 69, Reiske edition); μανθάνειν ἀπό τίνος to learn from the example of anyone, Mat_11:29; Mat_24:32; Mar_13:28; but in Gal_3:2; Col_1:7; Heb_5:8, μανθάνειν ἀπό τίνος means to learn from one's teaching or training (cf. Buttmann, 324 (279) c.; Winers Grammar, 372 (348)). e. after verbs of seeking, inquiring, demanding: ἀπαίτειν, Luk_12:20 (Tr WH αἰτεῖν); ζητεῖν, 1Th_2:6 (alternating there with ἐκ (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 50, 2)); ἐκζήτειν, Luk_11:50 f; see αἰτέω. 2. of causal origin, or the Cause; and a. of the material cause, so called, or of that which supplies the material for the maintenance of the action expressed by the verb: so those verbs. b. of the cause on account of which anything is or is done, where commonly it ran be rendered for (Latinprae, German vor): οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀπό τοῦ ὄχλου, Luk_19:3; οὐκέτι ἴσχυσαν ἀπό τοῦ πλήθους, Joh_21:6 (Jdt_2:20); ἀπό τοῦ δόξης τοῦ φωτός, Act_22:11; (here many would bring in Heb_5:7 (Winers Grammar, 371 (348); Buttmann, 322 (276)), see I. 3 d. above). c. of the moving or impelling cause (Latinex,prae; German aus,vor), for, out of: ἀπό τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ ὑπάγει, Mat_13:44; ἀπό τοῦ φοβοῦ for fear, Mat_14:26; Mat_28:4; Luk_21:26. Hebraistically: φοβεῖσθαι ἀπό τίνος (ξΔο ιΘψΕΰ), Mat_10:28; Luk_12:4; φεύγειν ἀπό τίνος (ξΔο πεΜρ), to flee for fear of one, Joh_10:5; Mar_14:52 (R G, but L Tr marginal reading brackets ἀπ' αὐτῶν); Rev_9:6; cf. φεύγω and Winers Grammar, 223 (209f). d. of the efficient cause, viz. of things from the force of which anything proceeds, and of persons from whose will, power, authority, command, favor, order, influence, direction, anything is to be sought; aa. in general: ἀπό τοῦ ὕπνου by force of the sleep, Act_20:9; ἀπό σου σημεῖον, Mat_12:38; ἀπό δόξης εἰς δόξαν, 2Co_3:18 (from the glory which we behold for ourselves (cf. Winer's Grammar, 254 (238)) in a mirror, goes out a glory in which we share, cf. Meyer at the passage); ἀπό κυρίου πνεύματος by the Spirit of the Lord (yet cf. Buttmann, 343 (295)), ibid.; ὄλεθρον ἀπό προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου destruction proceeding from the (incensed, wrathful) countenance of the Lord, 2Th_1:9 (on this passage, to be explained after Jer_4:26 the Sept., cf. Ewald); on the other hand, ἀνάψυξις ἀπό προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου, Act_3:20 (19); ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἀπό (Rec. ὑπό) τῶν πληγῶν, Rev_9:18. ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν, ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ, an expression especially common in John, of himself (myself, etc.), from his own disposition or judgment, as distinguished from another's instruction (cf. Winer's Grammar, 372 (348)): Luk_12:57; Luk_21:30; Joh_5:19; Joh_5:30; Joh_11:51; Joh_14:10; Joh_16:13; Joh_18:34 (L Tr WH ἀπό σεαυτοῦ); 2Co_3:5; 2Co_10:7 (T Tr WH ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ (see ἐπί A. I. 1 c.)); of one's own will and motion, as opposed to the command and authority of another: John 7:17 f, 28 ; Joh_8:42; Joh_10:18 (Num_16:28); by one's own power: Joh_15:4; by one's power and on one's own judgment: Joh_8:28; examples from secular authors are given in Kypke, Observ. i., p. 391. (Cf. εὐχήν ἔχοντες ἀφ' (others, ἐφ' see ἐπί A. I. 1 f.) ἑαυτῶν, Act_21:23 WH text) after verbs of learning, knowing, receiving, ἀπό is used of him to whom we are indebted for what we know, receive, possess (cf. Winers Grammar, 370 (347) n., also De verb. comp. etc. Part ii., p. 7f; Buttmann, 324 (279); Meyer on 1Co_11:23; per contra Lightfoot on Gal_1:12): ἀκούειν, Act_9:13; 1Jn_1:5; γινώσκειν, Mar_15:45; λαμβάνειν, Mat_17:25; 1Jn_2:27; 1Jn_3:22 L T Tr WH; ἔχειν, 1Jn_4:21; 2Co_2:3, etc.; παραλαμβάνειν, 1Co_11:23; δέχεσθαι, Act_28:21; respecting μανθάνειν see above, II. 1 d.; λατρεύω τῷ Θεῷ ἀπό προγόνων after the manner of the λατρεία received from my forefathers (cf. Winers Grammar, 372 (349); Buttmann, 322 (277)), 2Ti_1:8. γίνεται μοι, 1Co_1:30; 1Co_4:5; χάρις ἀπό Θεοῦ or τοῦ Θεοῦ, from God, the author, bestower, Rom_1:7; 1Co_1:3; Gal_1:3, and often; καί τοῦτο ἀπό Θεοῦ, Php_1:28. ἀπόστολος ἀπό etc., constituted an apostle by authority and commission, etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 418 (390)), Gal_1:1. after πάσχειν, Mat_16:21; (akin to this, according to many, is Mat_27:9 ὅν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπό τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ, R. V. marginal reading whom they priced on the part of the sons of Israel; but see in I. 2 above). bb. When ἀπό is used after passives (which is rare in the better Greek authors, cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 222ff; (Buttmann, 325 (280); Winer's Grammar, 371 (347f))), the connection between the cause and the effect is conceived of as looser and more remote than that indicated by ὑπό, and may often be expressed by on the part of (German vonSeiten) (A. V. generally of]: ἀπό τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀποδευειγμενον approved (by miracles) according to God's will and appointment, Act_2:22; ἀπό Θεοῦ πειράζομαι the cause of my temptation is to be sought in God, Jas_1:13; ἀπεστερημένος (T Tr WH ἀφυστερημενος) ἀφ' ὑμῶν by your fraud, Jas_5:4; ἀποδοκιμάζεσθαι, Luk_17:25; (ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπό τῶν τέκνων, Luk_7:35 according to some; see δικαιόω, 2); τόπον ἡτοιμασμένον ἀπό τοῦ Θεοῦ by the will and direction of God, Rev_12:6; ὀχλούμενοι ἀπό (Rec. ὑπό, (see ὀχλέω)) πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων, Luk_6:18 (whose annoyance by diseases ((?) cf. Luk_6:17) proceeded from unclean spirits (A. V. vexed (troubled) with, etc.)); ἀπό τῆς σαρκός ἐσπιλωμένον, by touching the flesh, Jud_1:23; (add Luk_1:26 T Tr WH, ἀπεστάλη ὁ ἄγγελος ἀπό (R G L ὑπό) τοῦ Θεοῦ.) As in secular authors, so also in the N. T. the manuscripts sometimes vary between ἀπό and ὑπό: e. g. in Mar_8:31; (Luk_8:43); Act_4:36; (); Rom_13:1; (); Rev_9:18; see Winers Grammar, 370f (347f); Buttmann, 325f (280f); (cf. Vincent and Dickson, Modern Greek, 2nd edition, Appendix, § 41). III. Phrases having a quasi-adverbial force, and indicating the manner or degree in which anything is done or occurs, are the following: ἀπό τῶν καρδιῶν ὑμῶν, from your hearts, i. e. willingly and sincerely, Mat_18:35; ἀπό μέρους in part, 2Co_1:14; 2Co_2:5; Rom_11:25; Rom_15:24; ἀπό μιᾶς namely, either φωνῆς with one voice, or γνώμης or ψυχῆς with one consent, one mind, Luk_14:18 (cf. Kuinoel at the passage; (Winer's Grammar, 423 (394); 591 (549f); yet see Lob. Paralip., p. 363)). IV. The extraordinary construction ἀπό ὁ ὤν (for Rec. ἀπό τοῦ ὁ) καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος, Rev_1:4, finds its explanation in the fact that the writer seems to have used the words ὁ ὤν κτλ. as an indeclinable noun, for the purpose of indicating the meaning of the proper name ιδεδ; cf. Winers Grammar, § 10, 2 at the end; (Buttmann, 50 (43)). V. In composition ἀπό indicates separation, liberation, cessation, departure, as in ἀποβάλλω, ἀποκόπτω, ἀποκυλίω, ἀπολύω, ἀπολύτρωσις, ἀπαλγέω, ἀπέρχομαι; finishing and completion, as in ἀπαρτίζω, ἀποτελέω; refers to the pattern from which a copy is taken, as in ἀπογράφειν, ἀφομοιουν, etc.; or to him from whom the action proceeds, as in ἀποδείκνυμι, ἀποτολμάω, etc.

ἀπό apo 646x pr. forth, from, away from; hence, it variously signifies departure; distance of time or place; avoidance; riddance; derivation from a quarter, source, or material; origination from agency or instrumentality

ἀπό (on the freq . neglect of elision bef, vowels, v. Tdf., Pr. , 94, WH , App ., 146), prep . c . gen . ( WM , 462 ff .; on its relation to ἐκ , παρά , ὑπό , ib . 456 f .), [in LXX for H8537 , αΜΐ , μΐ ;] from ( i.e . from the exterior). 1. Of separation and cessation; (1) of motion from a place; Mat_5:29-30 ; Mat_7:23 , Luk_5:2 ; Luk_22:41 , al. ; (2) in partitive sense ( M , Pr., 72, 102, 245; MM , s.v. ; EL, § 40, 2), Mat_9:16 ; Mat_27:21 , Joh_21:10 , Act_5:2 , al. ; also after verbs of eating, etc.; (3) of alienation ( cl . gen . of separation), after such verbs as λούω ( Deiss., BS , 227), λύω , σώζω , παύω , etc.; ἀνάθεμα ἀ ., Rom_9:3 ; ἀποθνήσκειν ἀ ., Col_2:20 ; σαλευθῆναι , 2Th_2:2 , καθαρός , -ίζειν , ἀ . ( Deiss., BS , 196, 216), Act_20:26 , 2Co_7:1 , Heb_9:14 ; (4) of position, Mat_23:34 ; Mat_24:31 , al. ; after μακράν , Mat_8:30 ; transposed before measures of distance, Joh_10:18 ; Joh_21:8 , Rev_14:20 ( Abbott, JG , 227); (5) of time, ἀπό τ . ὥρας , ἡμέρας , etc., Mat_9:22 , Joh_19:27 , Act_20:18 , Php_1:5 , al. ; ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος , Luk_1:70 , al. ; ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς , etc., Mat_19:4 , Rom_1:20 ; ἀπό βρέφους , 2Ti_3:15 ; ἀφ᾽ ἧς , since, Luk_7:45 , al. ; ἀπὸ τ . νῦν , Luk_1:48 , al. ; ἀπὸ τότε Mat_4:17 , al. ; ἀπὸ πέρυσι , a year ago, 2Co_8:10 ; 2Co_9:2 ; ἀπὸ πρωΐ , Act_28:23 ; (6) of order or rank, ἀπὸ διετοῦς , Mat_2:16 ; ἀπὸ Ἀβραάμ , Mat_1:17 ; ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδάμ , Jud_1:14 ; ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου , Act_8:10 , Heb_8:11 ; ἄρχεσθαι ἀπό , Mat_20:8 , Joh_8:9 , Act_8:35 , al. 2. Of origin; (1) of birth, extraction, and hence, in late writers, (a) of local extraction ( cl . ἐξ ; Abbott, JG , 227 ff .), Mat_21:11 , Mar_15:43 , Joh_1:45 , Act_10:38 , al. ; οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας ( WM , § 66, 6; M, Pr. , 237; Westc ., Rendall , in l ), Heb_13:24 ; (b) of membership in a community or society (El., § 40, 2), Act_12:1 , al. ; (c) of material ( = cl . gen .; Bl. l.c .; M , Pr., 102), Mat_3:4 ; Mat_27:21 ; (d) after verbs of asking, seeking, etc., Luk_11:50-51 , 1Th_2:6 ( Milligan , in l ); (2) of the cause, instrument, means or occasion ( freq . = ὑπό , παρά , and after verbs of learning, hearing, knowing, etc.; Bl., § 40, 3), Mat_7:16 ; Mat_11:29 , Luk_22:45 , Act_2:22 ; Act_4:36 ; Act_9:13 ; Act_12:14 , 1Co_11:23 , Gal_3:2 , al. ; ἀπὸ τ . ὄχλου , Luk_19:3 ( cf. Joh_21:6 , Act_22:11 ); ἀπὸ τ . φόβου , Mat_14:26 , al. ( cf. Mat_10:28 ; Mat_13:44 ). 3. Noteworthy Hellenistic phrases: φοβεῖσθαι ἀπὸ ( M , Pr., 102, 107); προσέχειν ἀπό ( M , Pro_11:1-31 . c .; Milligan , NTD , 50); ἀπὸ νότου ( Heb . ξΔπΜΖβΖα ), Rev_21:13 ; ἀπὸ προσώπου ( ξΔτΜΐπΕι ), 2Th_1:9 (B1., § 40, 9); ἀπὸ τ . καρδιῶν ( αΜΐμΕα ), Mat_18:35 ; ἀπὸ ὁ ὤν ( WM , § 10, 2; M , Pro_9:1-18 ), Rev_1:4 . 4. In composition, ἀπό denotes separation, departure, origin, etc. (ἀπολύω , ἀπέρχομαι , ἀπογράφω ); it also has a perfective force ( M , Pr., 112, 247), as in ἀφικνεῖσθαι , ἀπολούεσθαι , q.v.

ἀπό [page 58] In this and the other prepositions of very wide and general use we have not pretended to any fullness : they would afford abundant material for a fair-sized treatise. We only notice such special uses as we have remarked in our reading, and have therefore passed over most of the common and obvious uses. On ἀπό there are some illustrations in Proleg. which may be recalled with some additions. There is the partitive use (pp. 102, 245), still current in MGr : so P Petr III. 11 .20 (B.C. 234) ἀφείσθ [ω ] ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μοι [σ ]ω̣μάτω̣ν [ἐλ ]εύθερα Δ . καὶ ᾽Α ib. II. 11 (I) .5 (= Selections p. 7) (iii/B.C.) ἀπὸ τούτου τὸ μὲν ἥμυσυ . . . τὸ δὲ λοιπόν κτλ . P Tebt II. 299 .13 ( c. A.D. 50) ἀπολυσίμ [ο ]υ ἀπὸ ἀνδ [ρῶν πεντή ]κοντα one of the 50 exempted persons (Edd.), P Iand 8 .6 (ii/A.D.) διεπεμψάμην σοι . . ἀ [πὸ τοῦ ο ]ἴνου Κνίδια τρία , etc. To Kuhring s scanty exx. (p. 37) for ἀπό of agent (cf. Proleg. pp. 102, 246) add Syll 655 .8 (A.D. 83) συντετηρημένα ἀπὸ βασιλέων καὶ Σεβαστῶν , P Lond 1173 .12 (A.D. 125) (= III. p. 208) ἕως πεισθῇς ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ , P Flor II. 150 .6 (A.D. 267) ἀ . τῶν μυῶν κατεσθιόμενα , BGU IV. 1185 .26 (Augustus or earlier) μηδὲ κατακαλεῖσθαι ἀπὸ μηδεν (ός ). It is universal in MGr, but its very limited use in papyri and NT suggests that in the Hellenistic period it had only local currency. Various uses under the general heading of source are collected in Kuhring p. 35 f. : add the remarkable BGU IV. 1079 .25 (A.D. 41) (= Selections p. 40) ὡς ἂν πάντες καὶ σὺ βλέπε σατὸν ἀπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων like everybody else, you too must beware of the Jews. The familiar NT idiom ( Mar_8:15 al ) may be translation Greek still, but it is evidently possible enough in vernacular untouched by Semitic influence. Kuhring s instances cover the categories of cause , authorship , receipt , inheritance , but not instrument : there are numerous exx. of καθαρὸς ἀπό and the like (once regarded as Semitism!). Sometimes the καθαρός is dropped, and ἀπό is practically = ἄνευ : see Kuhring p. 53 f., and add P Lips I. 16 .19 (A.D. 138) πα [ρ ]αδ [ώσω σο ]ι σὺν ταῖς ἐφαιστώσαις θ [ύραις ] κ [αὶ ] κλεισὶ καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας : on P Fay 345 the edd. note cf. CPR 38 .21 , BGU I. 39 .21 , etc., where these phrases occur without καθαρός . Not that καθαρός is really to be supplied : the privative ἀπό , as Kuhring calls it, is quite naturally developed, Cf. P Tebt II. 420 .4 (iii/A.D.) ἀπὸ ζημίας blameless. In P Oxy VIII. 1103 .3 (A.D. 360) a certain Eutrygius is called ἀπὸ λογιστῶν ex-logistes : Prof. Hunt notes On the titular use of ex and ἀπό see Mommsen Ephem. Epigr. v. p. 128 9, and cf. e.g. 133 .4 ἀπὸ ὑπάτων [A.D. 550], 893 .2 ἀπὸ μειζόνων [vi/vii A.D.], P [Lond] 233 .5 [= II. p. 273 A.D. 345] ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων , P Flor I. 71 passim [iv/A.D.]. On its relations with ἐκ , παρά and ὑπό see Proleg. p. 237 : add Preisigke 997 and 998, two προσκυνήματα from the same place, dated respectively A.D. 4 and A.D. 16 7, with ὑπὸ χειμῶνος ἐλασθείς in the first and ἀπὸ χιμῶνος ἐλασθείς in the other. We may further note the idiomatic use of ἀπό in Mar_7:4 ἀπ᾽ ἀγορᾶς , 15 .21 ἀπ᾽ ἀγροῦ , fresh from market, from field-work, which is well illustrated by such phraseology as that in Syll 567 (ii/A.D.), a tariff prescribing the number of days of ceremonial impurity following certain acts, described as τὰ ἐκτός : thus ἀπὸ τυροῦ ἡμέ (ρας ) ᾱ , ἀπὸ φθορείων ἡμε (ρῶν ) μ̄ , ἀπὸ κήδους [οἰκ ]είου ἡμε (ρῶν ) μ̄ , ἀπὸ συνουσίας νομίμου they may enter the shrine the same day after washing and anointing. Cf. Deissmann BS p. 227. Among phrases with ἀπό we may note one in P Ryl II. 157 .21 (A.D. 135) εἰ χρεία γείνοιτο [ποτίσαι ἐ ]ν̣ ἀναβάσει [ q.v. ] ἀπὸ ποδὸς τὴν αὐτὴν νοτίνην μερίδα , if need arises at the inundation to water the same southern portion by foot. It seems clear that this refers to the same method of irrigation which appears in Deu_11:10 (LXX ὅταν σπείρωσιν τὸν σπόρον καὶ ποτίζωσιν τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ κῆπον λαχανίας ) : see Driver in loc. The editors in their note cite a papyrus with ἀπὸ ποδὸς ποτισ [μ ]οῦ . In ἁλιεῖς ἀπὸ ποδός (BGU I. 220, 221, III. 756) the sense is different, perhaps from the bank (lit. on foot ). In P Rein 18 .41 (B.C. 108) we note μέχρι [ἂν ἀπὸ ] τοῦ σπόρου γένηται until he has finished his sowing. For ἀπό denoting matter or material , as Mat_3:4 , cf. Priene 117 .72 (i/B.C.) στεφανῶσα [ι . . . στεφ ]άνῳ χρυσέωι ἀπὸ χρυσοῦ . The phrase ἀπὸ μέρους may be provisionally illustrated by P Ryl II. 133 .17 (A.D. 33) αὐθάδως κατέσπασεν ἀπὸ μέρους ventured to pull it partly down : see further under μέρος . On ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνο̣ς we gave some parallels under αἰών : add Preisigke 176 .4 (A.D. 161 80) πρώτου τῶν ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος . Ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν is illustrated by Deissmann BS p. 253, and ἀπὸ τοῦ βελτίστου ib. 93 : add P Tebt I. 5 .89 (B.C. 118), II. 282 .8 (late ii/B.C.), P Fay 12 .6 (B.C. 103), See further Proleg. p. 9 for Rev_1:4 , on which more may be said under εἰμί . Rossberg s dissertation systematically illustrates papyrus usages of ἀπό , as far as its date (1908) allows : it ought perhaps to be observed that the extracts are not always correctly transcribed. There is an elaborate dissertation on later uses of ἀπό in composition by K. Dieterich in Ind. Forsch. xxiv. pp. 87 158, on which cf. Frδnkel, Wochenschr. f. klass. Philol. , 1909, p. 369 ff. [Supplemental from 1930 edition] For ἀπό , as in Heb_13:24 , cf. P Meyer p. 12, n .2 .

ἀπό "from, away from. c. gen." prep. c. gen. = Lat. ab, from. OF PLACE: of Motion, "from, away from", Hom. , etc.; of warriors fighting "from" chariots, Hom. of Position, "away from, far from, apart from", ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il. ; ἀπ᾽ ὀφθαλμῶν "far from" sight, id=Il. ; ἀπὸ θαλάσσης Thuc. , etc. of the mind, ἀπὸ θυμοῦ "away from", i. e. "alien from", my heart, Il. ; οὐκ ἀπὸ τρόπου not "without" reason, Plat. ; οὐκ ἀπὸ πράγματος Dem. in partitive sense, αἶσ᾽ ἀπὸ ληΐδος a part "from" the booty, a share "of" it, Od. OF TIME, "from, after", ἀπὸ δείπνου "after" supper, Il. ; ἀπὸ δείπνου γενέσθαι to have done supper, Hdt. , etc.; ἀφ᾽ οὗ (sc. χρόνου), Lat. ex quo, id=Hdt. , etc. OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.: of that from which one is born, οὐκ ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ᾽ ἀπὸ πέτρης not "sprung from" oak or rock, Od. ; τρίτος ἀπὸ Διός third "in descent from" Zeus, Plat. ; οἱ ἀπὸ Σπάρτης the men "from" Sparta, Hdt. :—metaph. of things, κάλλος ἀπὸ Χαρίτων beauty "born of" the Graces, such as they give, Od. ; γάλα ἀπὸ βοός Aesch. : —of connexion with the leader of a sect, οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος, Plato's disciples; οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀκαδημίας, ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς, the Academics, the Stoics, Plut. , etc. of the Material "from or of" which a thing is made, ἀπὸ ξύλου Hdt. ; ἀπὸ μέλιτος Theocr. of the Instrument "from or by" which a thing is done, ἀπ᾽ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by [arrow "shot from"] silver bow, Il. of the Person "from" whom an act comes, i. e. "by" whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt. ; ἐπράχθη ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ οὐδέν Thuc. ;—so that ἀπό came to be used like ὑπό, but implying a "less direct" agency. of the Source "from" which life or power is sustained, ζῆν ἀπὸ ἰχθύων Hdt. ; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων Xen. of the Cause, Means, or Occasion "from, by", or "because of" which a thing is done, ἀπὸ δικαιοσύνης "by reason of" justice, Hdt. ; ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων "moved by, for" the same profits, Dem. :—hence in many adverbial usages, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς "in earnest, eagerly", Il. ; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου, ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ᾽ ἴσης, "equally", Thuc. , etc.; ἀπὸ γλώσσης "by word of mouth", Hdt. ; ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ "from or of" oneself, Thuc. AS ADVERB, "far away", Hom. , Hdt. IN COMPOS.: "from, asunder", as in ἀποτέμνω: "away, off", as in ἀποβαίνω. "finishing off, completing", as in ἀπεργάζομαι. "ceasing from, leaving off", as in ἀπαλγέω, ἀπολοφύρομαι. "back again", as in ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω: also, "in full", or "what is one's own", as ἀπέχω. "by way of abuse", as in ἀποκαλέω. almost = a_priv; sometimes with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπόσιτος. ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο Soph.

ἀπό (on the frequently neglect of elision bef. vowels, see Tdf., Pr., 94, WH, App., 146), prep. with genitive (WM, 462ff.; on its relation to ἐκ, παρά, ὑπό, ib. 456f.), [in LXX for לְ ,בְּ ,מִן ;] from (i.e. from the exterior). __1. Of separation and cessation; __(1) of motion from a place: Mat.5:29, 30 7:23, Luk.5:2 22:41, al.; __(2) in partitive sense (M, Pr., 72, 102, 245; MM, see word; Bl., §40, 2), Mat.9:16 27:21, Jhn.21:10, Act.5:2, al.; also after verbs of eating, etc.; __(3) of alienation (cl. genitive of separation), after such verbs as λούω (Deiss., BS, 227), λύω, σώζω, παύω, etc.; ἀνάθεμα ἀ., Rom.9:3; ἀποθνήσκειν ἀ., Col.2:20; σαλευθῆναι, 2Th.2:2, καθαρός, -ίζειν, ἀ. (Deiss., BS, 196, 216), Act.20:26, 2Co.7:1, Heb.9:14; __(4) of position, Mat.23:34 24:31, al.; after μακράν, Mat.8:30; transposed before measures of distance, Jhn.10:18 21:8, Rev.14:20 (Abbott, JG, 227); __(5) of time, ἀπὸ τ. ὥρας, ἡμέρας, etc., Mat.9:22, Jhn.19:27, Act.20:18, Php.1:5, al.; ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος, Luk.1:70, al.; ἀπ᾽ ἀρχῆς, etc., Mat.19:4, Rom.1:20; ἀπὸ βρέφους, 2Ti.3:15; ἀφ᾽ ἧς, since, Luk.7:45, al.; ἀπὸ τ. νῦν, Luk.1:48, al.; ἀπὸ τότε, Mat.4:17, al.; ἀπὸ πέρυσι, a year ago, 2Co.8:10 9:2; ἀπὸ πρωΐ, Act.28:23; __(6) of order or rank, ἀπὸ διετοῦς, Mat.2:16; ἀπὸ Ἀβραάμ, Mat.1:17; ἐβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδάμ, Ju 14; ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου, Act.8:10, Heb.8:11; ἄρχεσθαι ἀπό, Mat.20:8, Jhn.8:9, Act.8:35, al. __2. Of origin; __(1) of birth, extraction, and hence, in late writers, __(a) of local extraction (cl. ἐξ; Abbott, JG, 227ff.), Mat.21:11, Mrk.15:43, Jhn.1:45, Act.10:38, al.; οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας (WM, §66, 6; M, Pr., 237; Westc, Rendall, in l.), Heb.13:24; __(b) of membership in a community or society (BL, §40, 2), Act.12:1, al.; __(with) of material (= cl. genitive; Bl. l.with; M, Pr., 102), Mat.3:4 27:21; __(d) after verbs of asking, seeking, etc., Luk.11:50, 51 1Th.2:6 (Milligan, in l.); __(2) of the cause, instrument, means or occasion (frequently = ὑπό, παρά, and after verbs of learning, hearing, knowing, etc.; Bl., §40, 3), Mat.7:16 11:29, Luk.22:45, Act.2:22 4:36 9:13 12:14, 1Co.11:23, Gal.3:2, al.; ἀπὸ τ. ὄχλου, Luk.19:3 (cf. Jhn.21:6, Act.22:11); ἀπὸ τ. φόβου, Mat.14:26, al. (cf. Mat.10:26 13:44). __3. Noteworthy Hellenistic phrases: φοβεῖσθαι ἀπό (M, Pr., 102, 107); προσέχειν ἀπό (M, Pr., 11. with; Milligan, NTD, 50); ἀπὸ νότου (Heb. מִגֶּנֶב), Rev.21:13; ἀπὸ προσώπου (מִפְּנֵי), 2Th.1:9 (Bl., §40, 9); ἀπὸ τ. καρδιῶν (בְּלֵב), Mat.18:35; ἀπὸ ὁ ὤν (WM, §10, 2; M, Pr., 9), Rev.1:4. __4. In composition, ἀπό denotes separation, departure, origin, etc. (ἀπολύω, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀπογράφω); it also has a perfective force (M, Pr., 112, 247), as in ἀφικνεῖσθαι, which see (AS)