1 Kings 12:18
1 Kings 12:18 in Multiple Translations
Then King Rehoboam sent out Adoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem.
Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.
Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the men subject to taskwork; and all Israel stoned him to death with stones. And king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.
Then King Rehoboam sent Adoniram, the overseer of the forced work; and he was stoned to death by all Israel. And King Rehoboam went quickly and got into his carriage to go in flight to Jerusalem.
Then King Rehoboam sent out Hadoram, who was in charge of forced labor, but the Israelites stoned him to death. King Rehoboam quickly jumped into his chariot and raced back to Jerusalem.
Nowe the King Rehoboam sent Adoram the receiuer of the tribute, and all Israel stoned him to death: then King Rehoboam made speede to get him vp to his charet, to flee to Ierusalem.
And king Rehoboam sendeth Adoram who [is] over the tribute, and all Israel cast at him stones, and he dieth; and king Rehoboam hath strengthened himself to go up into a chariot to flee to Jerusalem;
Then King Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the men subject to forced labor; and all Israel stoned him to death with stones. King Rehoboam hurried to get himself up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.
Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to enter his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.
Then king Roboam sent Aduram, who was over the tribute: and all Israel stoned him, and he died. Wherefore king Roboam made haste to get him up into his chariot, and he fled to Jerusalem:
Then King Rehoboam sent Adoniram to talk to the Israeli people. Adoniram was the man who supervised all the men who were forced to work for Rehoboam. But the Israeli people killed him by throwing stones at him. When that happened, King Rehoboam quickly got in his chariot and escaped to Jerusalem.
Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Kings 12:18
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
1 Kings 12:18 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֞ח
הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ
רְחַבְעָ֗ם
אֶת
אֲדֹרָם֙
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
עַל
הַ/מַּ֔ס
וַ/יִּרְגְּמ֨וּ
כָל
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל
בּ֛/וֹ
אֶ֖בֶן
וַ/יָּמֹ֑ת
וְ/הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ
רְחַבְעָ֗ם
הִתְאַמֵּץ֙
לַ/עֲל֣וֹת
בַּ/מֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה
לָ/נ֖וּס
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֞ח
shâlach
H7971
to send
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
Art | N-ms
רְחַבְעָ֗ם
Rᵉchabʻâm
H7346
Rehoboam
N-proper
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
אֲדֹרָם֙
ʼĂdôrâm
H151
Adoram
N-proper
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
ʼăsher
H834
which
Rel
עַל
ʻal
H5921
upon
Prep
הַ/מַּ֔ס
maç
H4522
taskworker
Art | N-ms
וַ/יִּרְגְּמ֨וּ
râgam
H7275
to stone
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
כָל
kôl
H3605
all
N-ms
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל
Yisrâʼêl
H3478
Israel
N-proper
בּ֛/וֹ
Prep | Suff
אֶ֖בֶן
ʼeben
H68
stone
N-fs
וַ/יָּמֹ֑ת
mûwth
H4191
to die
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
וְ/הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
Conj | Art | N-ms
רְחַבְעָ֗ם
Rᵉchabʻâm
H7346
Rehoboam
N-proper
הִתְאַמֵּץ֙
ʼâmats
H553
to strengthen
V-Hithpael-Perf-3ms
לַ/עֲל֣וֹת
ʻâlâh
H5927
to ascend
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
בַּ/מֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה
merkâbâh
H4818
chariot
Prep | N-fs
לָ/נ֖וּס
nûwç
H5127
to flee
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
Yᵉrûwshâlaim
H3389
Jerusalem
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Kings 12:18
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֞ח
shâlach
H7971
"to send"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
To send or depart is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which has various applications in the Bible. It can describe sending someone or something away, or letting something go.
Definition: : depart/send 1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to send 1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct 1a3) to send away 1a4) to let loose 1b) (Niphal) to be sent 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out 1c2) to let go, set free 1c3) to shoot forth (of branches) 1c4) to let down 1c5) to shoot 1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled 1e) (Hiphil) to send
Usage: Occurs in 790 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, [idiom] earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out). See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 9:27; Joshua 14:11.
הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
Art | N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
רְחַבְעָ֗ם
Rᵉchabʻâm
H7346
"Rehoboam"
N-proper
Rehoboam was a king of Judah, son of Solomon and Naamah, and is first mentioned in 1 Kings 11:43. He had several wives and children, including Abijah and Jeush. Rehoboam played a key role in the United and Divided Monarchy periods.
Definition: A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchyand Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.11.43; son of: Solomon (H8010) and Naamah (H5279A); brother of: Taphath (H2955) and Basemath (H1315); married to Maacah (H4601K), Mahalath (H4258H) and Abihail (H0032J); father of: Abijah (H0029I), Jeush (H3266K), Shemariah (H8114H), Zaham (H2093), Attai (H6262I), Ziza (H2124H) and Shelomith (H8019) Also named: Rhoboam (Ῥοβοάμ "Rehoboam" G4497) § Rehoboam = "a people has enlarged" son of Solomon and the 1st king of Judah after the split up of the kingdom of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 41 OT verses. KJV: Rehoboam. See also: 1 Kings 11:43; 2 Chronicles 10:3; 2 Chronicles 13:7.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
אֲדֹרָם֙
ʼĂdôrâm
H151
"Adoram"
N-proper
Adoram was an Israelite officer who lived during the United Monarchy period, first mentioned in 2 Samuel 20:24. He served under King David and later Rehoboam, playing important roles in their administrations. Adoram's name means my lord is exalted.
Definition: A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.20.24; son of: Abda (H5653); also called Adoniram at 1Ki.4.6; 5.14; Hadoram at 2Ch.10.18; § Adoram = "my lord is exalted" 1) an officer of David 2) an officer of Rehoboam
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Adoram. See also: 2 Samuel 20:24; 1 Kings 12:18.
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
ʼăsher
H834
"which"
Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
עַל
ʻal
H5921
"upon"
Prep
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
הַ/מַּ֔ס
maç
H4522
"taskworker"
Art | N-ms
A taskworker is someone forced to perform labor as a form of tax or tribute. This practice involved gangs of laborers working under the supervision of taskmasters, often in a state of serfdom or slavery. It is mentioned in the Bible as a burden imposed on people.
Definition: 1) gang or body of forced labourers, task-workers, labour band or gang, forced service, task-work, serfdom, tributary, tribute, levy, taskmasters, discomfited 1a) labour-band, labour-gang, slave gang 1b) gang-overseers 1c) forced service, serfdom, tribute, enforced payment
Usage: Occurs in 22 OT verses. KJV: discomfited, levy, task(-master), tribute(-tary). See also: Genesis 49:15; 1 Kings 5:27; Proverbs 12:24.
וַ/יִּרְגְּמ֨וּ
râgam
H7275
"to stone"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
The Hebrew word 'râgam' means to stone someone, or kill them by throwing stones. It is used in the Bible to describe a form of punishment.
Definition: 1) to stone, slay or kill by stoning 1a) (Qal) to stone
Usage: Occurs in 15 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] certainly, stone. See also: Leviticus 20:2; Numbers 15:36; Ezekiel 23:47.
כָל
kôl
H3605
"all"
N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל
Yisrâʼêl
H3478
"Israel"
N-proper
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.
בּ֛/וֹ
""
Prep | Suff
אֶ֖בֶן
ʼeben
H68
"stone"
N-fs
In the Bible, this word refers to a stone, which could be a rock, a weight, or even a precious gem. It is used to describe a variety of objects, from building materials to hailstones. The KJV translates it as stone or weight.
Definition: : weight 1) stone (large or small) 1a) common stone (in natural state) 1b) stone, as material 1b1) of tablets 1b2) marble, hewn stones 1c) precious stones, stones of fire 1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon 1e) weight 1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal 1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice 1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines 1i) (simile) 1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness 1i2) strength, firmness, solidity 1i3) commonness 1j) (metaph) 1j1) petrified with terror 1j2) perverse, hard heart
Usage: Occurs in 239 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s). See also: Genesis 2:12; 1 Samuel 6:15; Psalms 91:12.
וַ/יָּמֹ֑ת
mûwth
H4191
"to die"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to die, either literally or as a punishment, and is used in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to perish or be killed. This concept is seen in the story of Adam and Eve, where death enters the world as a result of sin.
Definition: 1) to die, kill, have one executed 1a)(Qal) 1a1) to die 1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death 1a3) to die, perish (of a nation) 1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct) 1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch 1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death 1d) (Hophal) 1d1) to be killed, be put to death 1d1a) to die prematurely
Usage: Occurs in 695 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] at all, [idiom] crying, (be) dead (body, man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to, be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), [idiom] must needs, slay, [idiom] surely, [idiom] very suddenly, [idiom] in (no) wise. See also: Genesis 2:17; Exodus 21:18; Numbers 35:21.
וְ/הַ/מֶּ֣לֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
Conj | Art | N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
רְחַבְעָ֗ם
Rᵉchabʻâm
H7346
"Rehoboam"
N-proper
Rehoboam was a king of Judah, son of Solomon and Naamah, and is first mentioned in 1 Kings 11:43. He had several wives and children, including Abijah and Jeush. Rehoboam played a key role in the United and Divided Monarchy periods.
Definition: A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchyand Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.11.43; son of: Solomon (H8010) and Naamah (H5279A); brother of: Taphath (H2955) and Basemath (H1315); married to Maacah (H4601K), Mahalath (H4258H) and Abihail (H0032J); father of: Abijah (H0029I), Jeush (H3266K), Shemariah (H8114H), Zaham (H2093), Attai (H6262I), Ziza (H2124H) and Shelomith (H8019) Also named: Rhoboam (Ῥοβοάμ "Rehoboam" G4497) § Rehoboam = "a people has enlarged" son of Solomon and the 1st king of Judah after the split up of the kingdom of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 41 OT verses. KJV: Rehoboam. See also: 1 Kings 11:43; 2 Chronicles 10:3; 2 Chronicles 13:7.
הִתְאַמֵּץ֙
ʼâmats
H553
"to strengthen"
V-Hithpael-Perf-3ms
In the original Hebrew, this verb means to be strong or courageous, like in Deuteronomy 31:6, where Moses tells the Israelites to be brave. It can also mean to strengthen or secure something. English Bibles often translate it as 'be courageous' or 'strengthen'.
Definition: 1) to be strong, alert, courageous, brave, stout, bold, solid, hard 1a) (Qal) to be strong, brave, bold 1b) (Piel) to strengthen, secure (for oneself), harden (heart), make firm, make obstinate, assure 1c) (Hithpael) to be determined, to make oneself alert, strengthen oneself, confirm oneself, persist in, prove superior to 1d) (Hiphil) to exhibit strength, be strong, feel strong
Usage: Occurs in 41 OT verses. KJV: confirm, be courageous (of good courage, stedfastly minded, strong, stronger), establish, fortify, harden, increase, prevail, strengthen (self), make strong (obstinate, speed). See also: Genesis 25:23; 2 Chronicles 13:18; Psalms 18:18.
לַ/עֲל֣וֹת
ʻâlâh
H5927
"to ascend"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
To ascend means to go up or rise, like the smoke from an altar going up to God, as described in many Bible passages, including Leviticus and Psalms.
Definition: : rise/go 1) to go up, ascend, climb 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go up, ascend 1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat 1a3) to go up, come up (of animals) 1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation) 1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon) 1a6) to come up (before God) 1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary) 1a8) to excel, be superior to 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away 1b2) to take oneself away 1b3) to be exalted 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up 1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away 1c3) to bring up, draw up, train 1c4) to cause to ascend 1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally) 1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts) 1c7) to exalt 1c8) to cause to ascend, offer 1d) (Hophal) 1d1) to be carried away, be led up 1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in 1d3) to be offered 1e) (Hithpael) to lift oneself
Usage: Occurs in 817 OT verses. KJV: arise (up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up), bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, [phrase] shew, climb (up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart, exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up); grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light, (make) up, [idiom] mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, [phrase] perfect, prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise (up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring (up), stir up, take away (up), work. See also: Genesis 2:6; Exodus 34:4; Joshua 7:6.
בַּ/מֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה
merkâbâh
H4818
"chariot"
Prep | N-fs
This word is also used for a chariot, a vehicle used for transportation or warfare in ancient times. It is similar to H4817 and appears in stories about the prophet Ezekiel's visions, like in Ezekiel 1:15. The word is usually translated as 'chariot' in English Bibles.
Definition: chariot
Usage: Occurs in 41 OT verses. KJV: chariot. See also H1024 (בֵּית הַמַּרְכָּבוֹת). See also: Genesis 41:43; 1 Chronicles 28:18; Isaiah 2:7.
לָ/נ֖וּס
nûwç
H5127
"to flee"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
To flee means to quickly leave a place, like escaping from danger, as seen in the Bible when David fled from King Saul. It can also mean to disappear or vanish. In the book of Psalms, it describes God delivering his people from harm.
Definition: 1) to flee, escape 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to flee 1a2) to escape 1a3) to take flight, m depart, disappear 1a4) to fly (to the attack) on horseback 1b) (Polel) to drive at 1c) (Hithpolel) to take flight 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to put to flight 1d2) to drive hastily 1d3) to cause to disappear, hide Aramaic equivalent: nud (נוּד "to flee" H5111)
Usage: Occurs in 143 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] abate, away, be displayed, (make to) flee (away, -ing), put to flight, [idiom] hide, lift up a standard. See also: Genesis 14:10; 2 Samuel 17:2; Psalms 60:6.
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
Yᵉrûwshâlaim
H3389
"Jerusalem"
N-proper
Jerusalem is the capital city of Palestine, also known as the city of peace. It was the chief city of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split.
Definition: § Jerusalem = "teaching of peace" the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split
Usage: Occurs in 600 OT verses. KJV: Jerusalem. See also: Joshua 10:1; 2 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 24:6.
Study Notes — 1 Kings 12:18
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- Trapp's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
- Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
- Cambridge Bible on 1 Kings 12:18
- Barnes' Notes on 1 Kings 12:18
- Whedon's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
- Sermons on 1 Kings 12:18
Context — The Kingdom Divided
16When all Israel saw that the king had refused to listen to them, they answered the king: “What portion do we have in David, and what inheritance in the son of Jesse? To your tents, O Israel! Look now to your own house, O David!” So the Israelites went home,
17but Rehoboam still reigned over the Israelites living in the cities of Judah.
18Then King Rehoboam sent out Adoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem.
19So to this day Israel has been in rebellion against the house of David. 20When all Israel heard that Jeroboam had returned, they summoned him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel. Only the tribe of Judah followed the house of David.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Kings 4:6 | Ahishar was in charge of the palace; and Adoniram son of Abda was in charge of the forced labor. |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 20:24 | Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; |
| 3 | 1 Kings 5:14 | He sent them to Lebanon in monthly shifts of 10,000 men, so that they would spend one month in Lebanon and two months at home. And Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor. |
| 4 | Acts 7:57–58 | At this they covered their ears, cried out in a loud voice, and rushed together at him. They dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile the witnesses laid their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul. |
| 5 | 2 Chronicles 24:21 | But they conspired against Zechariah, and by order of the king, they stoned him in the courtyard of the house of the LORD. |
| 6 | 2 Chronicles 10:18 | Then King Rehoboam sent out Hadoram, who was in charge of the forced labor, but the Israelites stoned him to death. And King Rehoboam mounted his chariot in haste and escaped to Jerusalem. |
| 7 | Acts 5:26 | At that point, the captain went with the officers and brought the apostles—but not by force, for fear the people would stone them. |
| 8 | 1 Kings 20:18–20 | “If they have marched out in peace,” he said, “take them alive. Even if they have marched out for war, take them alive.” Meanwhile, these young officers of the district governors marched out of the city, with the army behind them, and each one struck down his opponent. So the Arameans fled, with the Israelites in pursuit. But Ben-hadad king of Aram escaped on horseback with the cavalry. |
| 9 | Numbers 14:10 | But the whole congregation threatened to stone Joshua and Caleb. Then the glory of the LORD appeared to all the Israelites at the Tent of Meeting. |
| 10 | Amos 2:16 | Even the bravest of mighty men will flee naked on that day,” declares the LORD. |
1 Kings 12:18 Summary
This verse shows how the Israelites rejected King Rehoboam's authority and stoned Adoram to death, leading King Rehoboam to escape to Jerusalem in haste. This event marked the beginning of the division of the kingdom, as mentioned in 1 Kings 12:19-20. The Israelites' actions were a response to their feelings of discontent and oppression, which is similar to the way that the Israelites felt in the book of Exodus, as seen in Exodus 2:23-25. As we reflect on this verse, we can learn about the importance of leadership, compassion, and unity, and how these values can be applied in our own lives, as seen in verses like Proverbs 11:14 and Ephesians 4:3.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did the Israelites stone Adoram to death?
The Israelites stoned Adoram to death because they were rejecting King Rehoboam's authority and the forced labor that Adoram represented, as seen in 1 Kings 12:18. This act was a symbol of their rebellion against the house of David, which is also mentioned in 1 Kings 12:19.
What can we learn from King Rehoboam's decision to send Adoram to the Israelites?
King Rehoboam's decision to send Adoram to the Israelites shows that he underestimated the depth of their discontent and the strength of their rebellion, as seen in 1 Kings 12:16-17. This mistake ultimately led to the division of the kingdom, as mentioned in 1 Kings 12:20.
How did King Rehoboam respond to the stoning of Adoram?
King Rehoboam responded to the stoning of Adoram by mounting his chariot and escaping to Jerusalem in haste, as seen in 1 Kings 12:18. This shows that he realized the gravity of the situation and the danger that he was in, and he took immediate action to protect himself.
What does this verse reveal about the relationship between King Rehoboam and the Israelites?
This verse reveals that the relationship between King Rehoboam and the Israelites had deteriorated significantly, and that they had lost trust in him, as seen in 1 Kings 12:16-18. This is also evident in the Israelites' statement 'What portion do we have in David, and what inheritance in the son of Jesse?' in 1 Kings 12:16, which shows their feelings of disconnection from the house of David.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I can apply the lesson of King Rehoboam's mistake to my own life, and avoid underestimating the concerns and feelings of others?
- How can I balance the need for authority and leadership with the need for compassion and empathy, as seen in the contrast between King Rehoboam's actions and the Israelites' response?
- What are some signs that a relationship or a community is on the brink of division or rebellion, and how can I respond in a way that promotes healing and unity, as seen in 1 Kings 12:16-20?
- How can I cultivate a sense of humility and wisdom in my own decision-making, and avoid making mistakes that can have serious consequences, as seen in King Rehoboam's decision to send Adoram to the Israelites?
Gill's Exposition on 1 Kings 12:18
Then King Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute,.... There was one of this name in this office in the time of David, 2 Samuel 20:24, this is the same with Adoniram, as Jarchi thinks, see 1
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Kings 12:18
So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David?
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
He sent Adoram, either, 1. To pacify the people, and promise them relief, now when it was too late. But then he would not have sent a person so ungrateful to the people, as that sort of men use to be. Or rather, 2. To pursue the counsel which he had resolved upon, and to execute his office, and exact their tribute with rigour and violence, if need were. To flee to Jerusalem, from Shechem, where it seems he yet staid, and his guards and friends with him; that being there in the midst of his kingdom, and among the seditious tribes, he might overawe them by his presence, and repress any tumults in their first rise.
Trapp's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
1 Kings 12:18 Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who [was] over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.Ver. 18. Sent Adoram, who was over the tribute.] But the sight of such an officer, he might well think, would enrage them rather. Herein therefore Rehoboam was also ill-advised: he should have considered that the rebellious multitude more regard commotioners than commissioners, and are more guided by rage than by right: flocking together, as clouds cluster against a storm, whilst violence and obstinacy, like two untamed horses, draw their desires in a blindfold career. To flee to Jerusalem.] Whither he returned lighter now by a crown than when he went forth: yet in better condition than was once our Henry VI, when deposed by Edward IV; he was not only bereft of all, but also sent again prisoner to the Tower the same day that he had a year before been carried through the city of London, as it were, in triumph, and had heard the shouts of the commons in every street crying, God save King Henry. Speed.
Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
(18) Adoram, who was over the tribute (or levy).—In 2 Samuel 20:24, 1 Kings 4:6; 1 Kings 5:14, we find Adoram (or Adoniram, which is a longer form of the same name) described as holding this office in the later days of David and the reign of Solomon. The Adoram here mentioned must be identical with the officer of Solomon; but, though it is possible, it is not likely that he could have held office in David’s time. Probably the name and office were hereditary×. The mission of Adoram shows that, too late, Renoboam desired to deal through him with the grievance of forced labour. But the sight of the man, who had been the taskmaster of their oppression, naturally stirred the multitude to a fresh burst of fury, venting itself in his murder, and perhaps threatening his master also, had he not fled hastily at once to Jerusalem.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
Verse 18. King Rehoboam sent Adoram] As this was the person who was superintendent over the tribute, he was probably sent to collect the ordinary taxes; but the people, indignant at the master who had given them such a brutish answer, stoned the servant to death. The sending of Adoram to collect the taxes, when the public mind was in such a state of fermentation, was another proof of Rehoboam's folly and incapacity to govern.
Cambridge Bible on 1 Kings 12:18
18. Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram] The same man who is called Adoniram in ch. 1 Kings 4:6. He presided over the forced-labour service, and it was an additional sign of the infatuation of Rehoboam, that a person so likely to be obnoxious to the people should be sent as the king’s representative. Josephus tells us that Rehoboam’s design was to appease and mollify the irritation caused by his answer. He could hardly have found worse means for his end. who was over the tribute] Read, with R.V. ‘over the levy.’ See above on 1 Kings 4:6. and all Israel stoned him] The LXX. omits ‘all Israel.’ Therefore king Rehoboam made speed] The marginal rendering of A.V. points out the literal meaning of the verb in this clause ‘he strengthened himself.’ The idea is ‘he made use of every effort,’ ‘exerted himself much,’ seeing that there was danger threatening him as well as his messenger. It appears from this verse, that little time had elapsed between the answer of Rehoboam and the sending of Adoram to appease the irritated leaders. All this was done and Adoram killed before Rehoboam left Shechem. The haughty stern answer and the sudden change to a policy of a more lenient nature are alike marks of the weak character of the new king.
Barnes' Notes on 1 Kings 12:18
Adoram has been identified with Adoniram (marginal references), and even with the Adoram of 2 Samuel 20:24.
Whedon's Commentary on 1 Kings 12:18
18. Rehoboam sent Adoram — This officer, called also Adoniram, (see note on 1 Kings 4:6,) had accompanied the king to Shechem, and now was sent out, perhaps with instructions from Rehoboam to assure
Sermons on 1 Kings 12:18
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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Cain and Abel (The First Murder) - Part 2 by Art Katz | In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of choosing between two opposing paths in the last days. They highlight the contrast between the biblical view of reality and |
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A Heart Capable of Unbelief by David Wilkerson | David Wilkerson emphasizes the danger of unbelief among God's people, drawing parallels between the Israelites' initial faith after their deliverance from Egypt and their subsequen |
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The Crisis as to the Earthly and the Heavenly by T. Austin-Sparks | T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the ongoing conflict between the earthly and the heavenly, illustrating how the Old Testament figures, particularly Joshua and Caleb, serve as pioneers |