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1 Samuel 1:2

1 Samuel 1:2 in Multiple Translations

He had two wives, one named Hannah and the other Peninnah. And Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none.

And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

and he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

And he had two wives, one named Hannah and the other Peninnah: and Peninnah was the mother of children, but Hannah had no children.

He had two wives. The name of the first wife was Hannah, and the name of the second, Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none.

And he had two wiues: the name of one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

and he hath two wives, the name of the one [is] Hannah, and the name of the second Peninnah, and Peninnah hath children, and Hannah hath no children.

He had two wives. The name of one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

And he had two wives, the name of one was Anna, and the name of the other Phenenna. Phenenna had children: but Anna had no children.

He had two wives: Hannah and Peninnah. Peninnah had several children, but Hannah had no children.

He had 2 wives called Hannah and Penninah. Penninah had some kids, but Hannah had none.

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Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Samuel 1:2

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

1 Samuel 1:2 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וְ/ל/וֹ֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֔ים שֵׁ֤ם אַחַת֙ חַנָּ֔ה וְ/שֵׁ֥ם הַ/שֵּׁנִ֖ית פְּנִנָּ֑ה וַ/יְהִ֤י לִ/פְנִנָּה֙ יְלָדִ֔ים וּ/לְ/חַנָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין יְלָדִֽים
וְ/ל/וֹ֙ Conj | Prep | Suff
שְׁתֵּ֣י shᵉnayim H8147 two Adj
נָשִׁ֔ים ʼishshâh H802 woman N-fp
שֵׁ֤ם shêm H8034 name N-ms
אַחַת֙ ʼechâd H259 one Adj
חַנָּ֔ה Channâh H2584 Hannah N-proper
וְ/שֵׁ֥ם shêm H8034 name Conj | N-ms
הַ/שֵּׁנִ֖ית shênîy H8145 second Art | Adj
פְּנִנָּ֑ה Pᵉninnâh H6444 Peninnah N-proper
וַ/יְהִ֤י hâyâh H1961 to be Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
לִ/פְנִנָּה֙ Pᵉninnâh H6444 Peninnah Prep | N-proper
יְלָדִ֔ים yeled H3206 youth N-mp
וּ/לְ/חַנָּ֖ה Channâh H2584 Hannah Conj | Prep | N-proper
אֵ֥ין ʼayin H369 nothing Part
יְלָדִֽים yeled H3206 youth N-mp
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Samuel 1:2

וְ/ל/וֹ֙ "" Conj | Prep | Suff
שְׁתֵּ֣י shᵉnayim H8147 "two" Adj
The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.
Definition: 1) two 1a) two (the cardinal number) 1a1) two, both, double, twice 1b) second (the ordinal number) 1c) in combination with other numbers 1d) both (a dual number)
Usage: Occurs in 646 OT verses. KJV: both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two. See also: Genesis 1:16; Exodus 30:4; Numbers 13:23.
נָשִׁ֔ים ʼishshâh H802 "woman" N-fp
The Hebrew word for woman, used to describe a female person, wife, or animal, appears in many biblical passages, including Genesis and Exodus, and is often translated as woman, wife, or female.
Definition: : woman 1) woman, wife, female 1a) woman (opposite of man) 1b) wife (woman married to a man) 1c) female (of animals) 1d) each, every (pronoun)
Usage: Occurs in 686 OT verses. KJV: (adulter) ess, each, every, female, [idiom] many, [phrase] none, one, [phrase] together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English. See also: Genesis 2:22; Genesis 34:4; Numbers 5:12.
שֵׁ֤ם shêm H8034 "name" N-ms
In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.
Definition: 1) name 1a) name 1b) reputation, fame, glory 1c) the Name (as designation of God) 1d) memorial, monument Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
Usage: Occurs in 771 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report. See also: Genesis 2:11; Exodus 3:15; Deuteronomy 16:6.
אַחַת֙ ʼechâd H259 "one" Adj
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means one or united, and is used to describe something that is single or unique. It is often translated as one, first, or alone. For example, in Genesis 1:5, God calls the light day and the darkness night, and separates them into one thing from another.
Definition: 1) one (number) 1a) one (number) 1b) each, every 1c) a certain 1d) an (indefinite article) 1e) only, once, once for all 1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one 1g) first 1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)
Usage: Occurs in 739 OT verses. KJV: a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together, See also: Genesis 1:5; Exodus 36:26; Numbers 7:70.
חַנָּ֔ה Channâh H2584 "Hannah" N-proper
Hannah was the mother of Samuel, a prophet in the Bible, and one of the wives of Elkanah. Her name means 'grace' in Hebrew, reflecting God's favor in her life.
Definition: A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.2; married to Elkanah (H0511H); mother of: Samuel (H8050) § Hannah = "grace" the mother of Samuel, one of the wives of Elkanah
Usage: Occurs in 11 OT verses. KJV: Hannah. See also: 1 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 1:15; 1 Samuel 2:21.
וְ/שֵׁ֥ם shêm H8034 "name" Conj | N-ms
In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.
Definition: 1) name 1a) name 1b) reputation, fame, glory 1c) the Name (as designation of God) 1d) memorial, monument Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
Usage: Occurs in 771 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report. See also: Genesis 2:11; Exodus 3:15; Deuteronomy 16:6.
הַ/שֵּׁנִ֖ית shênîy H8145 "second" Art | Adj
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means second or again, like when Moses went up Mount Sinai a second time in Exodus 24:15-18. It can also mean another or something distinct.
Definition: 1) second 1a) second (the ordinal number) 1b) again (a second time) 1c) another, other (something as distinct from something else)
Usage: Occurs in 152 OT verses. KJV: again, either (of them), (an-) other, second (time). See also: Genesis 1:8; 1 Kings 6:1; Isaiah 11:11.
פְּנִנָּ֑ה Pᵉninnâh H6444 "Peninnah" N-proper
Peninnah was a woman in the Bible, the wife of Elkanah and the rival of Hannah, as told in 1 Samuel 1:2. Her name means jewel, reflecting her precious value.
Definition: A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.2; married to Elkanah (H0511H) § Peninnah = "jewel" the other wife of Elkanah besides Hannah
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Peninnah. See also: 1 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 1:4.
וַ/יְהִ֤י hâyâh H1961 "to be" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
לִ/פְנִנָּה֙ Pᵉninnâh H6444 "Peninnah" Prep | N-proper
Peninnah was a woman in the Bible, the wife of Elkanah and the rival of Hannah, as told in 1 Samuel 1:2. Her name means jewel, reflecting her precious value.
Definition: A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.2; married to Elkanah (H0511H) § Peninnah = "jewel" the other wife of Elkanah besides Hannah
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Peninnah. See also: 1 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 1:4.
יְלָדִ֔ים yeled H3206 "youth" N-mp
This Hebrew word refers to a young person, like a child or teenager, such as the youth who helped David in 1 Samuel 20:1. It can also mean offspring or descendants, like the children of Israel in Exodus 12:37.
Definition: 1) child, son, boy, offspring, youth 1a) child, son, boy 1b) child, children 1c) descendants 1d) youth 1e) apostate Israelites (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 76 OT verses. KJV: boy, child, fruit, son, young man (one). See also: Genesis 4:23; 1 Kings 12:10; Isaiah 2:6.
וּ/לְ/חַנָּ֖ה Channâh H2584 "Hannah" Conj | Prep | N-proper
Hannah was the mother of Samuel, a prophet in the Bible, and one of the wives of Elkanah. Her name means 'grace' in Hebrew, reflecting God's favor in her life.
Definition: A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.2; married to Elkanah (H0511H); mother of: Samuel (H8050) § Hannah = "grace" the mother of Samuel, one of the wives of Elkanah
Usage: Occurs in 11 OT verses. KJV: Hannah. See also: 1 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 1:15; 1 Samuel 2:21.
אֵ֥ין ʼayin H369 "nothing" Part
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Definition: 1) nothing, not, nought n 1a) nothing, nought neg 1b) not 1c) to have not (of possession) adv 1d) without w/prep 1e) for lack of
Usage: Occurs in 686 OT verses. KJV: else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare H370 (אַיִן). See also: Genesis 2:5; Deuteronomy 14:27; 1 Kings 15:22.
יְלָדִֽים yeled H3206 "youth" N-mp
This Hebrew word refers to a young person, like a child or teenager, such as the youth who helped David in 1 Samuel 20:1. It can also mean offspring or descendants, like the children of Israel in Exodus 12:37.
Definition: 1) child, son, boy, offspring, youth 1a) child, son, boy 1b) child, children 1c) descendants 1d) youth 1e) apostate Israelites (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 76 OT verses. KJV: boy, child, fruit, son, young man (one). See also: Genesis 4:23; 1 Kings 12:10; Isaiah 2:6.

Study Notes — 1 Samuel 1:2

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Genesis 16:1–2 Now Abram’s wife Sarai had borne him no children, but she had an Egyptian maidservant named Hagar. So Sarai said to Abram, “Look now, the LORD has prevented me from bearing children. Please go to my maidservant; perhaps I can build a family by her.” And Abram listened to the voice of Sarai.
2 Judges 13:2 Now there was a man from Zorah named Manoah, from the clan of the Danites, whose wife was barren and had no children.
3 Genesis 29:23–29 But when evening came, Laban took his daughter Leah and gave her to Jacob, and he slept with her. And Laban gave his servant girl Zilpah to his daughter Leah as her maidservant. When morning came, there was Leah! “What have you done to me?” Jacob said to Laban. “Wasn’t it for Rachel that I served you? Why have you deceived me?” Laban replied, “It is not our custom here to give the younger daughter in marriage before the older. Finish this week’s celebration, and we will give you the younger one in return for another seven years of work.” And Jacob did just that. He finished the week’s celebration, and Laban gave him his daughter Rachel as his wife. Laban also gave his servant girl Bilhah to his daughter Rachel as her maidservant.
4 Genesis 25:21 Later, Isaac prayed to the LORD on behalf of his wife, because she was barren. And the LORD heard his prayer, and his wife Rebekah conceived.
5 Genesis 29:31 When the LORD saw that Leah was unloved, He opened her womb; but Rachel was barren.
6 Matthew 19:8 Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because of your hardness of heart; but it was not this way from the beginning.
7 Luke 1:7 But they had no children, because Elizabeth was barren, and they were both well along in years.
8 Deuteronomy 21:15–17 If a man has two wives, one beloved and the other unloved, and both bear him sons, but the unloved wife has the firstborn son, when that man assigns his inheritance to his sons he must not appoint the son of the beloved wife as the firstborn over the son of the unloved wife. Instead, he must acknowledge the firstborn, the son of his unloved wife, by giving him a double portion of all that he has. For that son is the firstfruits of his father’s strength; the right of the firstborn belongs to him.
9 Judges 8:30 Gideon had seventy sons of his own, since he had many wives.
10 Genesis 4:23 Then Lamech said to his wives: “Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; wives of Lamech, listen to my speech. For I have slain a man for wounding me, a young man for striking me.

1 Samuel 1:2 Summary

[This verse tells us about a man named Elkanah who had two wives, Hannah and Peninnah. Hannah did not have any children, which was a source of sadness for her. This is similar to other stories in the Bible, such as Sarah in Genesis 11:30, who also struggled with barrenness. As we read this verse, we can see that having multiple wives often led to problems, as we see in the story of Jacob and his wives in Genesis 29-31.]

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Elkanah have two wives?

Having multiple wives was a common practice in ancient times, as seen in other biblical accounts such as Genesis 29:15-30 and Deuteronomy 21:15-17. However, this practice is not condoned by God and often led to family conflicts, as we see in this story with Hannah and Peninnah.

Is it sinful for Elkanah to have two wives?

While the Bible does not explicitly condemn Elkanah for having two wives, it does highlight the problems that arise from this practice, such as favoritism and jealousy, as seen in the story of Jacob and his wives in Genesis 29-31. The ideal relationship is one husband and one wife, as seen in Genesis 2:24 and Ephesians 5:31.

Why is it significant that Hannah had no children?

In ancient times, having children was a symbol of blessing and fertility, as seen in Psalm 127:3-5. Hannah's barrenness would have been a source of sorrow and shame for her, especially in comparison to her husband's other wife, Peninnah, who had children.

How does this verse relate to the rest of the story of 1 Samuel?

This verse sets the stage for the rest of the story, introducing the main characters and their relationships, which will be important in understanding the events that unfold, such as Hannah's prayer and the birth of Samuel in 1 Samuel 1:9-28 and the role of Eli and his sons in 1 Samuel 1:3 and following.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you think Hannah felt when she saw her husband's other wife, Peninnah, with children, while she had none?
  2. What can we learn from Elkanah's decision to have two wives, and how can we apply that to our own relationships?
  3. In what ways can we, like Hannah, trust God with our deepest desires and struggles, even when they seem impossible, as seen in 1 Samuel 1:10-18?
  4. How can we, as the body of Christ, support and encourage those who are struggling with feelings of inadequacy or shame, like Hannah?

Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 1:2

And he had two wives,.... Which, though connived at in those times, was contrary to the original law of marriage; and for which, though a good man, he was chastised, and had a great deal of vexation

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 1:2

And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. The name of the one was Hannah , [ Chanaah (H2584), grace; Septuagint, Anna].

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:2

He had two wives; as divers other good men had in those ages. And it is probable that he took a second wife, to wit, Peninnah, because Hannah, who being first named seems to have been his first wife, was barren.

Trapp's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:2

1 Samuel 1:2 And he had two wives; the name of the one [was] Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.Ver. 2. And he had two wives.] Polygamy was ever a sin, though in the patriarchs and ancient saints, a sin of ignorance. "It was not so from the beginning." Lamech, of the cursed seed of Cain, first brought it in: but his second wife Zillah was but the shadow of a wife, as her name also signifieth. And although before the law given by Moses, polygamy is not reprehended; yet in Leviticus 18:18 it is flatly forbidden, "Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister," or one wife to another, "to vex her," as here Peninnah did Hannah. This passage good Elkanah and those other ancients mistook, as it is thought, by taking the word "sister" for one so by blood, which was spoken of a sister by neighbourhood, or by nation as those phrases "to vex her," and "during her life," do evince. Quomodo Menander, φιλουσκιαν, dixit.

Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:2

(2) And he had two wives.—The primeval Divine ordination, we know, gave its sanction alone to monogamy. The first who seems to have violated God’s original ordinance appears to have been Lamech, of the family of Cain (Genesis 4:19). The practice apparently had become general throughout the East when the Mosaic Law was formulated. In this Divine code it is noticeable that while polygamy is accepted as a custom everywhere prevailing, it is never approved. The laws of Moses—as in the case of another universally accepted practice, slavery—simply seek to restrict and limit it by wise and humane regulations. The inspired writer in this narrative of the home life of Elkanah of “Ramah of the Watchers” quietly shows up the curse which almost invariably attended this miserable violation of the relations of the home life to which in the old Eden days the eternal law had given its sanction and blessing. The Old Testament Book contains many of these gently-worded but fire-tipped rebukes of sin and frailty—sins condoned and even approved by the voice of mankind. Peninnah.—Hannah signifies grace or favour, and has ever been a favourite name among the women of the East. It was the name of the Punic Queen Dido’s sister, Anna. The traditional mother of the Virgin Mary was named Anna. (See Luke 2:36.) Peninnah is translated by some scholars “coral;” according to others it signifies “pearl.” We have adopted the same name under the modem “Margaret.”

Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:2

Verse 2. He had two wives] The custom of those times permitted polygamy; but wherever there was more than one wife, we find the peace of the family greatly disturbed by it. The name of the one was Hannah] חנה Channah, which signifies fixed or settled, and the other פננה Peninnah, which signifies a jewel or pearl.

Cambridge Bible on 1 Samuel 1:2

2. two wives] Polygamy, though at variance with the original institution of marriage (Genesis 2:24), was tolerated by the Mosaic law as an existing custom (Deuteronomy 21:15-17), and the fact that Abraham, Jacob, Gideon, David and Solomon were all polygamists, shews that no moral blame attached to the practice in this period. It gradually became less frequent, and no case is on record in the Biblical history after the Captivity, but it was reserved for Christianity to re-establish the primeval ideal. Hannah] i.e. “Grace.” The same name is borne in the N.T. by “Anna, a prophetess” (Luke 2:36): and according to tradition the wife of Joachim and mother of the Virgin Mary was named Anna. In the Phoenician colony of Carthage, where a language closely akin to Hebrew was spoken, the sister of the queen Dido was named Anna (Verg. Aen. iv. 9). Peninnah] i.e. “Coral,” or “Pearl.” The name may be compared with our Margaret, which means pearl.

Barnes' Notes on 1 Samuel 1:2

He had two wives - Compare Genesis 4:19. This was permitted by the law Deuteronomy 21:15, and sanctioned by the practice of Jacob Gen.

Whedon's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:2

2. Two wives — Such bigamy at this day, and in the light of a Christian civilization, would be criminal; but the ancient laws allowed it, and custom sanctioned it.

Sermons on 1 Samuel 1:2

SermonDescription
Zac Poonen Training Our Children to Live in God's Presence by Zac Poonen This sermon delves into the story of Hannah from the book of 1 Samuel, highlighting her fervent prayer for a child, her vow to dedicate him to the Lord, and the importance of keepi
George Warnock Camp Spalding - Part 2 by George Warnock In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of having spiritual sight and understanding the doctrines of God. He encourages believers to continually seek and grow in the
Duncan Campbell Walking With God by Duncan Campbell In this sermon, the speaker shares a personal experience of his daughter singing and expressing her love for Jesus. He reflects on the importance of spending time with God and reco
J. Vernon McGee (Genesis) Genesis 29:22-29 by J. Vernon McGee In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the story of Jacob and Laban from the book of Genesis. Jacob serves Laban for seven years in order to marry Rachel, but Laban tricks him and
J. Vernon McGee (Genesis) Genesis 17 Intro by J. Vernon McGee In this sermon, the speaker discusses the seven tests that God gave to Abraham. The first test was when God called Abraham out of his home in Ur of the Chaldees, and although Abrah
J. Vernon McGee (Genesis) Genesis 16:1-5 by J. Vernon McGee In this sermon, the preacher focuses on chapter 16 of the Bible, where Abraham and Sarah face a test of faith. Sarah, unable to bear children, suggests that Abraham take her Egypti
Ron Bailey An Introduction to the Day of Atonement by Ron Bailey In this sermon, the speaker reflects on the tragedy that occurred in one of the leading families of the Israelites right at the beginning of their journey as a nation of priests. T

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