1 Samuel 1:4
1 Samuel 1:4 in Multiple Translations
And whenever the day came for Elkanah to present his sacrifice, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.
¶ And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:
And when the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:
And when the day came for Elkanah to make his offering, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and daughters, their part of the feast:
Whenever Elkanah offered a sacrifice, he would give portions of it to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and daughters.
And on a day, when Elkanah sacrificed, he gaue to Peninnah his wife and to all her sonnes and daughters portions,
And the day cometh, and Elkanah sacrificeth, and he hath given to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions,
When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and her daughters;
And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:
Now the day came, and Elcana offered sacrifice, and gave to Phenenna his wife, and to all her sons and daughters, portions:
Each time Elkanah offered sacrifices there, he gave some of the meat to Peninnah and some to each of her sons and daughters.
When Elkanah was in Shiloh, he used to burn meat to give it to God, and he gave some of it to his family to eat. He gave meat to Penninah and her kids.
Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Samuel 1:4
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
1 Samuel 1:4 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יְהִ֣י
הַ/יּ֔וֹם
וַ/יִּזְבַּ֖ח
אֶלְקָנָ֑ה
וְ/נָתַ֞ן
לִ/פְנִנָּ֣ה
אִשְׁתּ֗/וֹ
וּֽ/לְ/כָל
בָּנֶ֛י/הָ
וּ/בְנוֹתֶ֖י/הָ
מָנֽוֹת
וַ/יְהִ֣י
hâyâh
H1961
to be
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
הַ/יּ֔וֹם
yôwm
H3117
day
Art | N-ms
וַ/יִּזְבַּ֖ח
zâbach
H2076
to sacrifice
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
אֶלְקָנָ֑ה
ʼElqânâh
H511
Elkanah
N-proper
וְ/נָתַ֞ן
nâthan
H5414
to give
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3ms
לִ/פְנִנָּ֣ה
Pᵉninnâh
H6444
Peninnah
Prep | N-proper
אִשְׁתּ֗/וֹ
ʼishshâh
H802
woman
N-fs | Suff
וּֽ/לְ/כָל
kôl
H3605
all
Conj | Prep | N-ms
בָּנֶ֛י/הָ
bên
H1121
son
N-mp | Suff
וּ/בְנוֹתֶ֖י/הָ
bath
H1323
Bath (Shua)
Conj | N-fp | Suff
מָנֽוֹת
mânâh
H4490
portion
N-fp
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Samuel 1:4
וַ/יְהִ֣י
hâyâh
H1961
"to be"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
הַ/יּ֔וֹם
yôwm
H3117
"day"
Art | N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
וַ/יִּזְבַּ֖ח
zâbach
H2076
"to sacrifice"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
To sacrifice means to slaughter an animal, usually for a religious offering, as seen in the Bible's instructions for worship. This term is used in many contexts, including sacrifices for eating or in divine judgment. It's often translated as 'kill' or 'offer' in the KJV.
Definition: 1) to slaughter, kill, sacrifice, slaughter for sacrifice 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to slaughter for sacrifice 1a2) to slaughter for eating 1a3) to slaughter in divine judgment 1b) (Piel) to sacrifice, offer sacrifice Aramaic equivalent: de.vach (דְּבַח "to sacrifice" H1684)
Usage: Occurs in 127 OT verses. KJV: kill, offer, (do) sacrifice, slay. See also: Genesis 31:54; 1 Kings 8:62; Psalms 4:6.
אֶלְקָנָ֑ה
ʼElqânâh
H511
"Elkanah"
N-proper
Elkanah means God has possessed and is the name of several Israelites, including Samuel's father and a ruler in Jerusalem during King Ahaz's time.
Definition: A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ch.28.7 § Elkanah = "God has possessed" or "God has created" 1) Samuel's father 2) a ruler in Jerusalem in the time of king Ahaz 3) one of David's mighty warriors 4) son of Korah 5) several Levites
Usage: Occurs in 20 OT verses. KJV: Elkanah. See also: Exodus 6:24; 1 Chronicles 6:10; 2 Chronicles 28:7.
וְ/נָתַ֞ן
nâthan
H5414
"to give"
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3ms
This word means to give, put, or set something, with a wide range of applications. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, describing God's actions and human interactions. The word is used to convey giving, selling, or exchanging something.
Definition: : give/deliver/send/produce 1) to give, put, set 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend 1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate 1a3) to make, constitute 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned 1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted 1c) (Hophal) 1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up 1c2) to be put upon
Usage: Occurs in 1816 OT verses. KJV: add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield. See also: Genesis 1:17; Genesis 40:21; Exodus 30:12.
לִ/פְנִנָּ֣ה
Pᵉninnâh
H6444
"Peninnah"
Prep | N-proper
Peninnah was a woman in the Bible, the wife of Elkanah and the rival of Hannah, as told in 1 Samuel 1:2. Her name means jewel, reflecting her precious value.
Definition: A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.2; married to Elkanah (H0511H) § Peninnah = "jewel" the other wife of Elkanah besides Hannah
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Peninnah. See also: 1 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 1:4.
אִשְׁתּ֗/וֹ
ʼishshâh
H802
"woman"
N-fs | Suff
The Hebrew word for woman, used to describe a female person, wife, or animal, appears in many biblical passages, including Genesis and Exodus, and is often translated as woman, wife, or female.
Definition: : woman 1) woman, wife, female 1a) woman (opposite of man) 1b) wife (woman married to a man) 1c) female (of animals) 1d) each, every (pronoun)
Usage: Occurs in 686 OT verses. KJV: (adulter) ess, each, every, female, [idiom] many, [phrase] none, one, [phrase] together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English. See also: Genesis 2:22; Genesis 34:4; Numbers 5:12.
וּֽ/לְ/כָל
kôl
H3605
"all"
Conj | Prep | N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
בָּנֶ֛י/הָ
bên
H1121
"son"
N-mp | Suff
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
וּ/בְנוֹתֶ֖י/הָ
bath
H1323
"Bath (Shua)"
Conj | N-fp | Suff
The Hebrew word for daughter is used to describe a female child or a woman, and can also be used figuratively. In the Bible, it is used to describe women like Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah and later of King David.
Definition: A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2; daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063); mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956) the wife of Uriah whom David had murdered, having had adulterous relations with her; subsequently wife of David and mother of Solomon, Shimea, Shobab, and Nathan (alternate spelling to 'Bathsheba')
Usage: Occurs in 498 OT verses. KJV: apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter, [idiom] first, [idiom] old, [phrase] owl, town, village. See also: Genesis 5:4; Exodus 2:21; Ruth 1:13.
מָנֽוֹת
mânâh
H4490
"portion"
N-fp
This Hebrew word means a portion or division of something, like food or land. It refers to a part or share of something, as seen in various Bible translations. The concept of portion is important in biblical times.
Definition: part, portion
Usage: Occurs in 14 OT verses. KJV: such things as belonged, part, portion. See also: Exodus 29:26; Nehemiah 8:10; Psalms 16:5.
Study Notes — 1 Samuel 1:4
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- 1 Samuel 1:4 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 1:4
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 1:4
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
- Trapp's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
- Cambridge Bible on 1 Samuel 1:4
- Whedon's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
- Sermons on 1 Samuel 1:4
Context — Elkanah and His Wives
2He had two wives, one named Hannah and the other Peninnah. And Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none.
3Year after year Elkanah would go up from his city to worship and sacrifice to the LORD of Hosts at Shiloh, where Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests to the LORD.
4And whenever the day came for Elkanah to present his sacrifice, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.
5But to Hannah he would give a double portion, for he loved her even though the LORD had closed her womb. 6Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival would provoke her viciously to taunt her.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 12:17–18 | Within your gates you must not eat the tithe of your grain or new wine or oil, the firstborn of your herds or flocks, any of the offerings that you have vowed to give, or your freewill offerings or special gifts. Instead, you must eat them in the presence of the LORD your God at the place the LORD your God will choose—you, your sons and daughters, your menservants and maidservants, and the Levite within your gates. Rejoice before the LORD your God in all you do, |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 16:11 | and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God in the place He will choose as a dwelling for His Name—you, your sons and daughters, your menservants and maidservants, and the Levite within your gates, as well as the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widows among you. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 12:5–7 | Instead, you must seek the place the LORD your God will choose from among all your tribes to establish as a dwelling for His Name, and there you must go. To that place you are to bring your burnt offerings and sacrifices, your tithes and heave offerings, your vow offerings and freewill offerings, as well as the firstborn of your herds and flocks. There, in the presence of the LORD your God, you and your households shall eat and rejoice in all you do, because the LORD your God has blessed you. |
| 4 | Leviticus 7:15 | The meat of the sacrifice of his peace offering of thanksgiving must be eaten on the day he offers it; none of it may be left until morning. |
| 5 | Leviticus 3:4 | both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys. |
1 Samuel 1:4 Summary
In this verse, we see Elkanah giving portions to his wife Peninnah and her children as part of a special sacrifice to God. This shows that Elkanah valued his family and wanted to include them in his worship, similar to how families were included in festivals and sacrifices in Deuteronomy 12:7. We can learn from Elkanah's example by making sure to involve our own families in our worship and spiritual practices, as seen in Ephesians 6:1-4. By doing so, we can strengthen our relationships with our loved ones and with God, and create a sense of unity and purpose in our worship, as emphasized in Psalm 78:4.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Elkanah give portions to his wife Peninnah and her children
Elkanah gave portions to Peninnah and her children as part of the sacrificial ceremony, as seen in 1 Samuel 1:4, which was a way of including his whole family in the worship experience, similar to how families were included in festivals and sacrifices in Deuteronomy 12:7 and Deuteronomy 16:11.
What can we learn from Elkanah's actions in this verse
We can learn that Elkanah valued his family and wanted to involve them in his worship, as seen in 1 Samuel 1:4, and this is similar to the importance of family worship emphasized in Deuteronomy 6:7 and Psalm 78:4.
How does this verse relate to the rest of the story of Hannah
This verse sets the stage for the contrast between Hannah and Peninnah, as seen in 1 Samuel 1:5-6, and highlights the special love Elkanah had for Hannah despite her barrenness, which is a key aspect of the story that unfolds in 1 Samuel 1:9-28.
What does this verse teach us about the importance of family in worship
This verse teaches us that family is important in worship, as Elkanah involved his whole family in the sacrificial ceremony, and this is similar to the emphasis on family worship in Ephesians 6:1-4 and Psalm 128:1-6.
Reflection Questions
- How can I, like Elkanah, make sure to involve my family in my worship and spiritual practices
- What are some ways I can show love and care to my family members, especially those who may be struggling or feeling left out
- How can I balance the desire to include my family in worship with the need to prioritize my personal relationship with God
- What does this verse teach me about the character of Elkanah and how can I apply those qualities to my own life
- How does this verse relate to the broader theme of worship and sacrifice in the Bible, such as in Romans 12:1 and Hebrews 13:15
Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 1:4
And when the time was that Elkanah offered,.... That is, brought his offering to the priest, to offer it for him, which was at one of the three festivals. According to R.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 1:4
And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions: When ... Elkanah offered, he gave ... portions.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
Ver. 4. To wit, out of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings, the greatest part whereof fell to the offerer, and was eaten by him and his friends or guests before the Lord, Leviticus 3 Leviticus 7 Deuteronomy 12:12 16:11; and out of this he gave them all parts or portions, as the master of the feast used to do to guests.
Trapp's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
1 Samuel 1:4 And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:Ver. 4. And when the time was that Elkanah offered.] He did not forbear to offer, because the priests were wicked and slubbering, as some weak ones did, abhorring God’ s sacrifice for their sakes: wherein they are said to have transgressed, even to a cry.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
Verse 4. He gave - portions] The sacrifices which were made were probably peace-offerings, of which the blood was poured out at the foot of the altar; the fat was burnt on the fire; the breast and right shoulder were the portion of the priest, and the rest belonged to him who made the offering; on it he and his family feasted, each receiving his portion; and to these feasts God commands them to invite the Levite, the poor, the widow, and the orphan, Deuteronomy 16:11.
Cambridge Bible on 1 Samuel 1:4
4. offered] sacrificed, as in 1 Samuel 1:3. His sacrifice was a thank-offering, for it was only of the thank-offerings that the worshippers partook (Leviticus 7:11-18). he gave] The tenses in 1 Samuel 1:4-7 express repeated action: “he used to give: her adversary used to provoke her.”portions] Of the victims sacrificed. Cp. 1 Samuel 9:23.
Whedon's Commentary on 1 Samuel 1:4
4. Portions — Parts of the flesh of the victims offered in sacrifice to the Lord. See Leviticus 7:15; Deuteronomy 12:7; Deuteronomy 12:18.
Sermons on 1 Samuel 1:4
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Synopsis of the Books of the Bible - Deuteronomy by John Nelson Darby | John Nelson Darby discusses the Book of Deuteronomy, emphasizing its moral warnings and the importance of Israel's obedience to God's commandments as they stand on the brink of Can |
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"neither... nor... but..." by T. Austin-Sparks | T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the transformative nature of worship in his sermon 'neither... nor... but...', highlighting Jesus' declaration that true worship is not confined to spec |