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1 Samuel 13:6

1 Samuel 13:6 in Multiple Translations

Seeing that they were in danger because their troops were hard-pressed, the men of Israel hid in caves and thickets, among the rocks, and in cellars and cisterns.

When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.

When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait (for the people were distressed), then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in coverts, and in pits.

When the men of Israel saw the danger they were in, (for the people were troubled,) they took cover in cracks in the hillsides and in the woods and in rocks and holes and hollows.

When the Israelite men realized the tough situation they were in, and that the army was taking a beating, they hid themselves in caves, holes, rocks, pits, and cisterns.

And when the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait (for the people were in distresse) the people hid themselues in caues, and in holdes, and in rockes, and in towres, and in pittes.

And the men of Israel have seen that they are distressed, that the people hath been oppressed, and the people hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.

When the men of Israel saw that they were in trouble (for the people were distressed), then the people hid themselves in caves, in thickets, in rocks, in tombs, and in pits.

When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait (for the people were distressed) then the people hid themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.

And when the men of Israel saw that they were straitened, (for the people were distressed,) they hid themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in dens, and in pits.

The Philistines attacked the Israelis very strongly, and the Israeli soldiers realized that they were in a very bad situation. So many of the Israeli soldiers hid in caves and holes in the ground, or among the rocks, or in pits, or in wells.

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Berean Amplified Bible — 1 Samuel 13:6

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

1 Samuel 13:6 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וְ/אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל רָאוּ֙ כִּ֣י צַר ל֔/וֹ כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖שׂ הָ/עָ֑ם וַ/יִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ הָ/עָ֗ם בַּ/מְּעָר֤וֹת וּ/בַֽ/חֲוָחִים֙ וּ/בַ/סְּלָעִ֔ים וּ/בַ/צְּרִחִ֖ים וּ/בַ/בֹּרֽוֹת
וְ/אִ֨ישׁ ʼîysh H376 man Conj | N-ms
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 Israel N-proper
רָאוּ֙ râʼâh H7200 Provider V-Qal-Perf-3cp
כִּ֣י kîy H3588 for Conj
צַר tsar H6862 narrow V-Qal-Perf-3ms
ל֔/וֹ Prep | Suff
כִּ֥י kîy H3588 for Conj
נִגַּ֖שׂ nâgas H5065 to oppress V-Niphal-Perf-3ms
הָ/עָ֑ם ʻam H5971 Amaw Art | N-ms
וַ/יִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ châbâʼ H2244 to hide Conj | V-Hithpael-ConsecImperf-3mp
הָ/עָ֗ם ʻam H5971 Amaw Art | N-ms
בַּ/מְּעָר֤וֹת mᵉʻârâh H4631 cave Prep | N-fp
וּ/בַֽ/חֲוָחִים֙ châvâch H2337 thicket Conj | Prep | N-mp
וּ/בַ/סְּלָעִ֔ים çelaʻ H5553 crag Conj | Prep | N-mp
וּ/בַ/צְּרִחִ֖ים tsᵉrîyach H6877 stronghold Conj | Prep | N-mp
וּ/בַ/בֹּרֽוֹת bôwr H953 pit Conj | Prep | N-mp
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — 1 Samuel 13:6

וְ/אִ֨ישׁ ʼîysh H376 "man" Conj | N-ms
The Hebrew word for man, referring to a male person or individual, is used in the Bible to describe humans in contrast to God or animals, as seen in Genesis and Psalms. It can also mean husband or servant. In the KJV, it is translated as man or male.
Definition: : man 1) man 1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female) 1b) husband 1c) human being, person (in contrast to God) 1d) servant 1e) mankind 1f) champion 1g) great man 2) whosoever 3) each (adjective)
Usage: Occurs in 1851 OT verses. KJV: also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare H802 (אִשָּׁה). See also: Genesis 2:23; Genesis 42:25; Exodus 32:23.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 "Israel" N-proper
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.
רָאוּ֙ râʼâh H7200 "Provider" V-Qal-Perf-3cp
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Definition: (Lord will) Provide, cause to be seen. This name means to see, look at, inspect, look after
Usage: Occurs in 1206 OT verses. KJV: advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 41:41; Exodus 33:13.
כִּ֣י kîy H3588 "for" Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
צַר tsar H6862 "narrow" V-Qal-Perf-3ms
This word means hard or narrow, often referring to trouble or a tight spot, like an adversary or affliction. It can also mean a small stone or pebble, such as flint, and is used in various biblical contexts to describe challenges.
Definition: narrow, tight
Usage: Occurs in 107 OT verses. KJV: adversary, afflicted(-tion), anguish, close, distress, enemy, flint, foe, narrow, small, sorrow, strait, tribulation, trouble. See also: Genesis 14:20; Psalms 89:24; Psalms 3:2.
ל֔/וֹ "" Prep | Suff
כִּ֥י kîy H3588 "for" Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
נִגַּ֖שׂ nâgas H5065 "to oppress" V-Niphal-Perf-3ms
To oppress or drive someone, like a taskmaster, and can also mean to exact or harass, as in Exodus 3:7.
Definition: 1) to press, drive, oppress, exact, exert demanding pressure 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to press, drive 1a2) to exact 1a3) driver, taskmaster, ruler, oppressor, tyrant, lord, exactor of tribute (participle) 1b) (Niphal) to be hard pressed
Usage: Occurs in 23 OT verses. KJV: distress, driver, exact(-or), oppress(-or), [idiom] raiser of taxes, taskmaster. See also: Exodus 3:7; Job 39:7; Isaiah 3:5.
הָ/עָ֑ם ʻam H5971 "Amaw" Art | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
וַ/יִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ châbâʼ H2244 "to hide" Conj | V-Hithpael-ConsecImperf-3mp
To hide means to secrete or withdraw, often for safety or protection. In the Bible, this word is used to describe hiding oneself or being forced into hiding. It appears in various forms, including to hide oneself or to be hidden by someone else.
Definition: 1) to withdraw, hide 1a) (Niphal) to hide oneself 1b) (Pual) to be forced into hiding 1c) (Hiphil) to hide 1d) (Hophal) to be hidden 1e) (Hithpael) 1e1) to hide oneself, draw back 1e2) to draw together, thicken, harden
Usage: Occurs in 33 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] held, hide (self), do secretly. See also: Genesis 3:8; 1 Kings 18:4; Isaiah 42:22.
הָ/עָ֗ם ʻam H5971 "Amaw" Art | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
בַּ/מְּעָר֤וֹת mᵉʻârâh H4631 "cave" Prep | N-fp
The Hebrew word for a cave or den, often used to describe a dark or hidden place. It can also refer to a hole or a hollowed-out space. In the Bible, it is used to describe natural landscapes and places of refuge or hiding.
Definition: cave, den, hole
Usage: Occurs in 36 OT verses. KJV: cave, den, hole. See also: Genesis 19:30; 1 Samuel 13:6; Psalms 57:1.
וּ/בַֽ/חֲוָחִים֙ châvâch H2337 "thicket" Conj | Prep | N-mp
A thicket or crevice in the earth, like a hiding place, as seen in the Bible's descriptions of wilderness areas.
Definition: rock, crevice (a hiding place) Another spelling of cho.ach (חוֹחַ "thistle" H2336)
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: thicket. See also: 1 Samuel 13:6.
וּ/בַ/סְּלָעִ֔ים çelaʻ H5553 "crag" Conj | Prep | N-mp
This word means a craggy rock or cliff, a strong and secure place, like the rock of salvation in Psalm 71:3.
Definition: 1) crag, cliff, rock 1a) crag, cliff 1b) as stronghold of Jehovah, of security (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 53 OT verses. KJV: (ragged) rock, stone(-ny), strong hold. See also: Numbers 20:8; Psalms 71:3; Psalms 18:3.
וּ/בַ/צְּרִחִ֖ים tsᵉrîyach H6877 "stronghold" Conj | Prep | N-mp
A stronghold was a secure fortress or underground room, often used for defense or storage. Its exact meaning is uncertain, but it refers to a place of safety and protection.
Definition: 1) excavation, underground chamber, cellar, underground room 1a) meaning uncertain
Usage: Occurs in 3 OT verses. KJV: high place, hold. See also: Judges 9:46; Judges 9:49; 1 Samuel 13:6.
וּ/בַ/בֹּרֽוֹת bôwr H953 "pit" Conj | Prep | N-mp
This word refers to a cistern or pit, often used to hold water or as a prison. In the Bible, it is used to describe a place of confinement, like a dungeon or well. It is a physical hole in the ground.
Definition: pit, well, cistern, dungeon, pit of the grave
Usage: Occurs in 62 OT verses. KJV: cistern, dungeon, fountain, pit, well. See also: Genesis 37:20; Proverbs 5:15; Psalms 7:16.

Study Notes — 1 Samuel 13:6

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Judges 6:2 and the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel. Because of the Midianites, the Israelites prepared shelters for themselves in the mountains, caves, and strongholds.
2 Hebrews 11:38 The world was not worthy of them. They wandered in deserts and mountains, and hid in caves and holes in the ground.
3 Judges 10:9 The Ammonites also crossed the Jordan to fight against Judah, Benjamin, and the house of Ephraim, and Israel was in deep distress.
4 Philippians 1:23 I am torn between the two. I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better indeed.
5 1 Samuel 23:19 Then the Ziphites came up to Saul at Gibeah and said, “Is not David hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh, on the hill of Hachilah south of Jeshimon?
6 Isaiah 42:22 But this is a people plundered and looted, all trapped in caves or imprisoned in dungeons. They have become plunder with no one to rescue them, and loot with no one to say, “Send them back!”
7 Judges 20:41 Then the men of Israel turned back on them, and the men of Benjamin were terrified when they realized that disaster had come upon them.
8 1 Samuel 14:11 So the two of them showed themselves to the outpost of the Philistines, who exclaimed, “Look, the Hebrews are coming out of the holes in which they were hiding!”
9 1 Samuel 24:3 Soon Saul came to the sheepfolds along the road, where there was a cave, and he went in to relieve himself. And David and his men were hiding in the recesses of the cave.
10 Joshua 8:20 When the men of Ai turned and looked back, the smoke of the city was rising into the sky. They could not escape in any direction, and the troops who had fled to the wilderness now became the pursuers.

1 Samuel 13:6 Summary

This verse is saying that the men of Israel were very scared of the Philistine army and didn't know how they would be able to fight against them, so they hid in caves and thickets to try to stay safe. This shows that they were not trusting in God to take care of them, but rather were relying on their own efforts to protect themselves, which is not what the Bible teaches (as seen in Psalm 23:4, where David says that even though he walks through the valley of the shadow of death, he will fear no evil because God is with him). Instead of hiding in fear, we should trust in God to deliver us, just like He did for the Israelites in the past, as seen in Exodus 14:13-14. By trusting in God, we can have peace and confidence, even in the midst of difficult situations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did the men of Israel hide in caves and thickets?

The men of Israel hid in caves and thickets because they were afraid of the Philistines, who had assembled a large army to fight against them, as seen in 1 Samuel 13:5. This fear led them to seek safety in these hiding places, just as the Bible says in Proverbs 22:3 that the prudent see danger and take refuge.

What does it mean that their troops were hard-pressed?

When it says that the troops of Israel were hard-pressed, it means that they were under a lot of pressure and stress from the Philistine army, and they didn't know how they would be able to withstand them, similar to how the Israelites felt in Exodus 14:10 when they were trapped between the Red Sea and the Egyptian army.

Is hiding in caves and thickets a sign of faith or lack of faith?

Hiding in caves and thickets in this context seems to be a sign of lack of faith, as the Israelites were not trusting in God to deliver them from their enemies, but rather relying on their own efforts to stay safe, which is contrary to what the Bible teaches in Psalm 56:3, that when we are afraid, we should put our trust in God.

How does this verse relate to the rest of the story in 1 Samuel 13?

This verse is part of the larger story of how Saul, the king of Israel, is facing opposition from the Philistines and is waiting for Samuel to come and offer sacrifices, as seen in 1 Samuel 13:8, and it shows how the fear and lack of faith of the Israelites is affecting their actions and decisions.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some areas in my life where I am hiding in 'caves and thickets' out of fear, and how can I trust God to deliver me?
  2. How does my own fear and lack of faith affect my relationships with others and my decisions, and what can I do to change this?
  3. What are some ways that I can cultivate trust in God, even when I am facing difficult or scary situations, like the Israelites were in this verse?
  4. How can I apply the principle of Psalm 56:3 to my life, putting my trust in God when I am afraid, and what would this look like in practical terms?

Gill's Exposition on 1 Samuel 13:6

When the men of Israel saw they were in a strait, for the people were distressed,.... By reason of the vast army that the Philistines brought into the field, greatly superior to theirs, and were

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 13:6

When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 1 Samuel 13:6

They were in a strait, notwithstanding their former presumption, that if they had a king they should be free from all such straits. And hereby God intended to teach them the vanity of all carnal confidence in men; and that they did not one jot less need the help and favour of God now than they did before, when they had no king. The people were distressed; they were not mistaken in their apprehensions of danger, as men oft are, for they were really in great danger, their enemy’ s host far exceeding theirs, both in number, and order, and courage, and arms. The people did hide themselves in caves; whereof there were divers in those parts for this very use, as we read in Josephus, and in the Holy Scripture.

Trapp's Commentary on 1 Samuel 13:6

1 Samuel 13:6 When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.Ver. 6. For the people were distressed.] Notwithstanding their having a king to save them. God will make the strongest sinew in the arm of flesh to crack, when once he taketh men to do. See 1 Samuel 13:3.

Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Samuel 13:6

(6) Saw that they were in a strait.—It was evidently no ordinary Philistine foray or invasion which the Israelites had to make head against. The tradition preserved by Josephus tells us that a host of foreign allies had joined the Phœnician armies in this war. This accounts for the great numbers alluded to in the text: “People as the sand which is on the sea shore in multitude” (1 Samuel 13:5). The hearts of the as yet undisciplined Hebrews sank at the tidings of such an invasion. And in high places.—The word in the original Hebrew is not the same as the one usually rendered “high places” for prayer and sacrifice. The word here signifies towers. It is the same word which in Judges 9:46; Judges 9:49 is translated “a hold.” In the Speaker’s Commentary it is suggested that it was applied to a particular kind of tower which was the work of the old Canaanite inhabitants, and which remained as ruins in the time of Saul.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on 1 Samuel 13:6

Verse 6. The people did hide themselves] They, being few in number, and totally unarmed as to swords and spears, were terrified at the very numerous and well-appointed army of the Philistines. Judea was full of rocks, caves, thickets, &c., where people might shelter themselves from their enemies. While some hid themselves, others fled beyond Jordan: and those who did cleave to Saul followed him trembling.

Cambridge Bible on 1 Samuel 13:6

6. in a strait] In distress and danger: as it were, hemmed in and unable to turn in any direction. the people did hide themselves] Cp. Judges 6:2. in high places] The word thus translated occurs elsewhere only in Judges 9:46; Judges 9:49 (E. V. hold), and is supposed to mean “a fortified tower,” like the “peels” of the border counties, possibly the work of the old Canaanite inhabitants. But the context rather points to some natural hiding-place.

Barnes' Notes on 1 Samuel 13:6

In thickets - literally, “among thorns.” High places - Not the high places for worship, but holds or towers Judges 9:46, Judges 9:49; that particular kind of tower which was the work of the old

Whedon's Commentary on 1 Samuel 13:6

THE PEOPLE’S , AND SAUL’S , 1 Samuel 13:6-15. 6. The people were distressed — They were vexed, harassed, and alarmed by the bold and sudden advance of the Philistine hosts, and despaired being able to stand before them.

Sermons on 1 Samuel 13:6

SermonDescription
George Stevenson The Life of c.t. Studd by George Stevenson In this sermon, the preacher discusses the life and ministry of C.T. Studd, a missionary who dedicated his life to spreading the gospel. Studd's conviction to go to China was solid
Leonard Ravenhill Who for the Joy by Leonard Ravenhill In this sermon, the speaker reflects on the lack of depth and spiritual focus in many church meetings. He emphasizes the importance of looking to Jesus as the ultimate source of de
Cornelius Van Til The Certainty of Our Faith by Cornelius Van Til In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the contrast between the wisdom of the world and the wisdom of God. He highlights how the world's wisdom is considered foolishness by God. T
Paul Hattaway Tears of the Saints by Paul Hattaway This sermon emphasizes the ongoing mission of reaching unreached people groups with the gospel of Jesus Christ. It highlights the urgent need to penetrate cultures, plant churches,
E.A. Johnston Revival Stories: John Wesley by E.A. Johnston In this sermon transcript, John Wesley recounts a powerful experience he had while preaching in May 1739. As he was preaching on the words "be still and know that I am God," God be
Jenny Daniel Under His Wings by Jenny Daniel In this sermon, the preacher shares stories and illustrations to emphasize the importance of accepting God's invitation for protection and salvation. He describes a scene where a c
St. John Chrysostom Homily 4 on Matthew by St. John Chrysostom John Chrysostom preaches about the importance of imitating the faith and courage of the three young men in the fiery furnace, who chose to remain faithful to God even in the face o

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