2 Samuel 13:31
2 Samuel 13:31 in Multiple Translations
Then the king stood up, tore his clothes, and lay down on the ground; and all his servants stood by with their clothes torn.
Then the king arose, and tare his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent.
Then the king arose, and rent his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent.
Then the king got up in great grief, stretching himself out on the earth: and all his servants were by his side, with their clothing parted.
The king stood up, tore his clothes, and lay down on the ground. All his officials stood beside him with their clothes torn.
Then the King arose, and tare his garments, and lay on the ground, and all his seruants stoode by with their clothes rent.
and the king riseth, and rendeth his garments, and lieth on the earth, and all his servants are standing by [with] rent garments.
Then the king arose, and tore his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes torn.
Then the king arose, and tore his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent.
Then the king rose up, and rent his garments: and fell upon the ground, and all his servants, that stood about him, rent their garments.
The king stood up, tore his clothes because he was extremely sad, and then he threw himself down on the ground. All the servants who were there also tore their clothes.
Berean Amplified Bible — 2 Samuel 13:31
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
2 Samuel 13:31 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יָּ֧קָם
הַ/מֶּ֛לֶךְ
וַ/יִּקְרַ֥ע
אֶת
בְּגָדָ֖י/ו
וַ/יִּשְׁכַּ֣ב
אָ֑רְצָ/ה
וְ/כָל
עֲבָדָ֥י/ו
נִצָּבִ֖ים
קְרֻעֵ֥י
בְגָדִֽים
וַ/יָּ֧קָם
qûwm
H6965
-kamai
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
הַ/מֶּ֛לֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
Art | N-ms
וַ/יִּקְרַ֥ע
qâraʻ
H7167
to tear
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
בְּגָדָ֖י/ו
beged
H899
treachery
N-mp | Suff
וַ/יִּשְׁכַּ֣ב
shâkab
H7901
to lie down
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
אָ֑רְצָ/ה
ʼerets
H776
land
N-cs | Suff
וְ/כָל
kôl
H3605
all
Conj | N-ms
עֲבָדָ֥י/ו
ʻebed
H5650
servant/slave
N-mp | Suff
נִצָּבִ֖ים
nâtsab
H5324
to stand
V-Niphal
קְרֻעֵ֥י
qâraʻ
H7167
to tear
V-Qal-Inf-c
בְגָדִֽים
beged
H899
treachery
N-mp
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — 2 Samuel 13:31
וַ/יָּ֧קָם
qûwm
H6965
"-kamai"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
Qum means to rise or stand up, used in various contexts like rising to power or standing firm, as seen in Jeremiah and Ezra.
Definition: Combined with lev (לֵב "Leb" H3820B) § -Kamai = "my adversary" Leb-kamai, i.e., people of Gambulai
Usage: Occurs in 596 OT verses. KJV: abide, accomplish, [idiom] be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, [idiom] be dim, endure, [idiom] enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift up (again), make, [idiom] but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise (up), rear (up), remain, (a-) rise (up) (again, against), rouse up, set (up), (e-) stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up, strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -rising). See also: Genesis 4:8; Numbers 30:13; Ruth 4:10.
הַ/מֶּ֛לֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
Art | N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
וַ/יִּקְרַ֥ע
qâraʻ
H7167
"to tear"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
This verb means to tear or rend something, and can be used literally or figuratively, as in the case of reviling or enlarging the eyes. In the book of the Prophet Joel, it describes the heavens being torn open. It can also describe the action of wild beasts.
Definition: 1) to tear, tear in pieces 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to tear, rend 1a2) to tear away or out 1a3) to tear, rend asunder 1a3a) to make wide or large (of eyes) 1a3b) to rend open (of heavens) 1a4) to tear, rend (of wild beasts) 1b) (Niphal) to be rent, be split asunder
Usage: Occurs in 60 OT verses. KJV: cut out, rend, [idiom] surely, tear. See also: Genesis 37:29; 2 Kings 5:8; Psalms 35:15.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
בְּגָדָ֖י/ו
beged
H899
"treachery"
N-mp | Suff
In the Bible, this word refers to clothing or a covering, like a garment or robe. It appears in books like Genesis and Exodus, describing what people wore. The word is often translated as 'apparel' or 'raiment'.
Definition: treachery, deceit
Usage: Occurs in 190 OT verses. KJV: apparel, cloth(-es, ing), garment, lap, rag, raiment, robe, [idiom] very (treacherously), vesture, wardrobe. See also: Genesis 24:53; Judges 17:10; Psalms 22:19.
וַ/יִּשְׁכַּ֣ב
shâkab
H7901
"to lie down"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
To lie down can mean to rest, sleep, or have sexual relations, and is used in various contexts throughout the Bible. It can also mean to relax or be at rest.
Definition: : lay_down/lie_with 1) to lie down 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on 1a2) to lodge 1a3) to lie (of sexual relations) 1a4) to lie down (in death) 1a5) to rest, relax (fig) 1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually) 1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually) 1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down 1e) (Hophal) to be laid
Usage: Occurs in 194 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] at all, cast down, (lover-)lay (self) (down), (make to) lie (down, down to sleep, still with), lodge, ravish, take rest, sleep, stay. See also: Genesis 19:4; 1 Kings 11:43; Psalms 3:6.
אָ֑רְצָ/ה
ʼerets
H776
"land"
N-cs | Suff
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Definition: : soil 1) land, earth 1a) earth 1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part) 1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven) 1a3) earth (inhabitants) 1b) land 1b1) country, territory 1b2) district, region 1b3) tribal territory 1b4) piece of ground 1b5) land of Canaan, Israel 1b6) inhabitants of land 1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world 1b8) city (-state) 1c) ground, surface of the earth 1c1) ground 1c2) soil 1d) (in phrases) 1d1) people of the land 1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance) 1d3) level or plain country 1d4) land of the living 1d5) end(s) of the earth 1e) (almost wholly late in usage) 1e1) lands, countries 1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
Usage: Occurs in 2190 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world. See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 18:18; Genesis 42:13.
וְ/כָל
kôl
H3605
"all"
Conj | N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
עֲבָדָ֥י/ו
ʻebed
H5650
"servant/slave"
N-mp | Suff
This word refers to a servant or slave, often in the context of serving God or a human master. It can also describe a prophet or Levite. The KJV translates it as bondage, bondman, or servant.
Definition: 1) slave, servant 1a) slave, servant, man-servant 1b) subjects 1c) servants, worshippers (of God) 1d) servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc) 1e) servant (of Israel) 1f) servant (as form of address between equals) Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (עֲבַד "servant/slave" H5649)
Usage: Occurs in 714 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] bondage, bondman, (bond-) servant, (man-) servant. See also: Genesis 9:25; Exodus 11:3; 1 Samuel 8:16.
נִצָּבִ֖ים
nâtsab
H5324
"to stand"
V-Niphal
To stand or station oneself, either physically or as an appointed official. This word is used in various contexts, including setting up a monument or establishing a leader. It can also mean to stand firm or be established in a position.
Definition: 1) to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish 1a) (Niphal) 1a1) to station oneself, take one's stand 1a2) to stand, be stationed 1a3) to stand, take an upright position 1a4) to be stationed, be appointed 1a5) deputy, prefect, appointed, deputed (subst) 1a6) to stand firm 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to station, set 1b2) to set up, erect 1b3) to cause to stand erect 1b4) to fix, establish 1c) (Hophal) to be fixed, be determined, be stationary
Usage: Occurs in 75 OT verses. KJV: appointed, deputy, erect, establish, [idiom] Huzzah (by mistake for a proper name), lay, officer, pillar, present, rear up, set (over, up), settle, sharpen, establish, (make to) stand(-ing, still, up, upright), best state. See also: Genesis 18:2; 1 Samuel 15:12; Psalms 39:6.
קְרֻעֵ֥י
qâraʻ
H7167
"to tear"
V-Qal-Inf-c
This verb means to tear or rend something, and can be used literally or figuratively, as in the case of reviling or enlarging the eyes. In the book of the Prophet Joel, it describes the heavens being torn open. It can also describe the action of wild beasts.
Definition: 1) to tear, tear in pieces 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to tear, rend 1a2) to tear away or out 1a3) to tear, rend asunder 1a3a) to make wide or large (of eyes) 1a3b) to rend open (of heavens) 1a4) to tear, rend (of wild beasts) 1b) (Niphal) to be rent, be split asunder
Usage: Occurs in 60 OT verses. KJV: cut out, rend, [idiom] surely, tear. See also: Genesis 37:29; 2 Kings 5:8; Psalms 35:15.
בְגָדִֽים
beged
H899
"treachery"
N-mp
In the Bible, this word refers to clothing or a covering, like a garment or robe. It appears in books like Genesis and Exodus, describing what people wore. The word is often translated as 'apparel' or 'raiment'.
Definition: treachery, deceit
Usage: Occurs in 190 OT verses. KJV: apparel, cloth(-es, ing), garment, lap, rag, raiment, robe, [idiom] very (treacherously), vesture, wardrobe. See also: Genesis 24:53; Judges 17:10; Psalms 22:19.
Study Notes — 2 Samuel 13:31
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- 2 Samuel 13:31 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 13:31
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 13:31
- Trapp's Commentary on 2 Samuel 13:31
- Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 13:31
- Cambridge Bible on 2 Samuel 13:31
- Sermons on 2 Samuel 13:31
Context — Absalom’s Revenge on Amnon
29So Absalom’s young men did to Amnon just as Absalom had ordered. Then all the other sons of the king got up, and each one fled on his mule.
30While they were on the way, a report reached David: “Absalom has struck down all the sons of the king; not one of them is left!”
31Then the king stood up, tore his clothes, and lay down on the ground. And all his servants stood by with their clothes torn.
32But Jonadab, the son of David’s brother Shimeah, spoke up: “My lord must not think they have killed all the sons of the king, for only Amnon is dead. In fact, Absalom has planned this since the day Amnon violated his sister Tamar. 33So now, my lord the king, do not take to heart the report that all the sons of the king are dead. Only Amnon is dead.”Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 1:11 | Then David took hold of his own clothes and tore them, and all the men who were with him did the same. |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 12:16 | David pleaded with God for the boy. He fasted and went into his house and spent the night lying in sackcloth on the ground. |
| 3 | Job 1:20 | Then Job stood up, tore his robe, and shaved his head. He fell to the ground and worshiped, |
| 4 | Joshua 7:6 | Then Joshua tore his clothes and fell facedown before the ark of the LORD until evening, as did the elders of Israel; and they all sprinkled dust on their heads. |
| 5 | 2 Samuel 3:31 | Then David ordered Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn before Abner.” And King David himself walked behind the funeral bier. |
| 6 | Genesis 37:29 | When Reuben returned to the pit and saw that Joseph was not there, he tore his clothes, |
| 7 | Genesis 37:34 | Then Jacob tore his clothes, put sackcloth around his waist, and mourned for his son many days. |
2 Samuel 13:31 Summary
In 2 Samuel 13:31, King David is overcome with grief when he hears the false report that all his sons are dead. He tears his clothes and lies down on the ground, showing that even a king is not afraid to express his emotions. This verse reminds us that it's okay to be honest with our feelings and to express them to God, just like David did in Psalm 51:17. As we reflect on this verse, we can learn to be more open and honest with our emotions, and to support those around us who are struggling, just like King David's servants did in their time of grief.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did King David tear his clothes and lie down on the ground in 2 Samuel 13:31?
King David tore his clothes and lay down on the ground as a sign of mourning and grief, as he had been misinformed that all his sons were dead, which was a devastating report to him, similar to the actions of Job when he heard of the loss of his children in Job 1:20.
What was the significance of the servants also tearing their clothes in 2 Samuel 13:31?
The servants tore their clothes as a sign of respect and solidarity with their king, David, in his time of grief, demonstrating their loyalty and empathy towards him, as seen in the actions of the people when they mourned with Job in Job 2:12-13.
How did King David's reaction in 2 Samuel 13:31 compare to his reaction in other situations of loss?
King David's reaction in 2 Samuel 13:31 was similar to his reaction when he heard of the death of Saul and Jonathan in 2 Samuel 1:11-12, where he also mourned and wept, showing that he was a king who was not afraid to express his emotions and grief.
What can we learn from King David's emotional response in 2 Samuel 13:31?
We can learn that it is okay to express our emotions and grief in times of loss, and that even leaders like King David are not immune to feeling and showing emotions, as seen in Psalm 51:17, where David pours out his heart to God in repentance and sorrow.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I can express my emotions and grief to God, like King David did in 2 Samuel 13:31?
- How can I, like King David's servants, show solidarity and support to those around me who are grieving or struggling?
- What can I learn from King David's example about being transparent and honest with my emotions, even in difficult situations?
- How can I, like Jonadab in 2 Samuel 13:32, be a voice of reason and comfort to those around me who are struggling with bad news or difficult circumstances?
Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 13:31
Then the king arose, and tore his garments,.... In token of extreme grief and sorrow, as Jacob did when he was shown the coat of Joseph, supposing him to have been slain, as David thought all his
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 13:31
Then the king arose, and tare his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Trapp's Commentary on 2 Samuel 13:31
2 Samuel 13:31 Then the king arose, and tare his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent.Ver. 31. Then the king arose, and tare his garments.] To show that his heart was torn with extreme sorrow for so sad a disaster. It was the time when he took delight to hear of Uriah’ s death: now he smarts for it. And lay on the earth.] As not able to stand under so importable an affliction.
Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 13:31
(31) Tare his garments.—Rather, rent his clothes, the words being the same as in the last clause of the verse.
Cambridge Bible on 2 Samuel 13:31
30–39. The news brought to David. Absalom’s flight 31. tare his garments] Rent his clothes. The E. V. has introduced a distinction which does not exist in the Hebrew. Cp. ch. 2 Samuel 1:11. lay on the earth] Cp. ch. 2 Samuel 12:16. and all his servants, &c.] The Sept. and Vulg. represent a slightly different reading; “And all his servants, who stood by him, rent their clothes.”
Sermons on 2 Samuel 13:31
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Thoughts on 2 Samuel by John Nelson Darby | John Nelson Darby reflects on the themes of leadership and divine sovereignty in 2 Samuel, illustrating how David's rise to kingship reveals both his generosity and failures. He em |
|
True Worship by Zac Poonen | This sermon emphasizes the importance of true worship, highlighting the significance of worshiping God in spirit and in truth. It explores the concept of worship from the beginning |
|
Job - Part 1 by John Piper | John Piper explores the profound trial of Job as he grapples with the heart-wrenching possibility of sacrificing his children for the sake of God's greater purpose. Job's deep love |
|
Communism, Islam, Sept 11, Soverenty of God - Part2 by Josef Tson | In this sermon, the preacher shares a personal experience of being falsely accused and interrogated. After six months, the charges were dropped, and the man who had interrogated hi |
|
Follow After Righteousness - Part 2 by Joshua Daniel | This sermon emphasizes the importance of following righteousness, patience, meekness, and God-likeness, drawing inspiration from the story of Job who remained faithful and did not |
|
Meekness by Anton Bosch | In this sermon, the speaker discusses the story of Moses and how he was called by God despite feeling inadequate. Moses pleaded for the people of Israel even when God wanted to des |
|
The Captivity of the Righteous Part 6 by Phil Beach Jr. | Phil Beach Jr. emphasizes the theme of the captivity of the righteous, drawing lessons from the story of Job. He discusses how God touches three major areas in Job's life: health, |